2024-2025学年浙江Z20名校联盟高三第一次联考英语试题（解析版）

高中英语试卷浙江Z20名校联盟2024-2025学年高三第一次联考英语试题第Ⅰ卷(选择题部分)第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节：(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Buyanewrefrigerator. B.Cleantherefrigerator. C.Havetherefrigeratorfixed.【答案】C【原文】M:I’mnoexpert.Butthatnoiseinyourrefrigeratordoesn’tsoundgood.Maybeyoushouldcallandhaveitcheckedout.W:You’reright.AndIsupposeI’veputitofflongenough.2.Whatdoesthemanplantodotomorrow?A.Havearest. B.Attendameeting. C.Watchamatch.【答案】B【原文】W:TakethemedicineandI’msureyouwillgetwellagaininacoupleofhours.M:Ihopeso.OrIwon’tbeabletotakepartinthemeetingabouttomorrow’sbasketballmatch.3.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Angry. B.Disappointed. C.Excited.【答案】B【原文】M:Honey,I’mhome.W:Didyouremembertobuythetickets?M:Well,Iremember,buttheyweresoldout.W:Ohno.Iwasreallylookingforwardtotheplay.4.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Sheisn’tfeelingwell. B.Shelikesgymnasticsalot. C.Sheisunabletojointheteam.【答案】C【原文】M:Ifyouareinterestedingymnastics,theuniversityhasanoutstandingteam.W:Ican’tevenclimbthestairswithouthavingtostopandcatchmybreath.5.Whendoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inthemorning. B.Atnoon. C.Intheafternoon.【答案】A【原文】W:Haveyougivenoutyourmonthlyreportyet?M:No,Ihaven’t.Iwasplanningtogiveitoutthisafternoon.W:Pleasedoitassoonaspossible.Themonthlyreportissupposedtobegivenoutbeforelunchhour.M:I’msorry.Ididn’tknowthat.I’lldoitrightaway.第二节：(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.WhatdoweknowaboutCaroline?A.Shedoesballetexercises. B.Sherunsastudio. C.Sheisadancer.7.Wheredoesthemanprefertoexercise?A.Inagym. B.Inapark. C.Inastudio.【答案】6.A7.B【原文】M:Wow!Youlookamazing,Caroline!W:Thanks!I’vebeentakingballetclasses.Theexercisesareverychallenging.Theyhavehelpedmegetintogreatshape.M:Ididn’tknowyouwereadancer.W:Oh,I’mnot.Butthere’sastudionearmyhousethatletsregularpeopletakeclassesanddoballetexercises.Ithelpsthestudiomakemoney,anditgivesusachancetogetfit.M:Arethereonlywomenintheclasses?W:No,therearemen,too.Doyouwanttocomewithmesometime?M:No,thanks.Ipreferrunninginthepark.Thesunshineandfreshairaregoodforme.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Schoolmates. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Waiterandcustomer.9.WhatdoesthemanusuallydoonTuesdayafternoons?A.Hetakesclasses. B.Heworkspart-time. C.Hegoestolibrary.10.Whenwillthespeakersmeet?A.OnTuesday. B.OnThursday. C.OnFriday.【答案】8.A9.A10.C【原文】M:Hey,Marina!How’sitgoing?W:Great!It’snicetoseeyou.How’syourschoolgoing?M:Oh,fine.Butit’stoobusy.I’mtakingfourclasses,butI’malsoworkingintheStudentUnionCafeteria.IworkthereMondaythroughFridayfrom6:00amto8:30am.W:Yousoundbusy.Doyouhavetimetogettogetherandhavecoffee?IcometotheuniversityformyclassesonTuesdayandThursdayafternoons.M:I’dloveto.Ifinishworkatnoon,butthenIhaveclasses.W:Oh.WhataboutFriday?Isometimescometousethelibrary.DoyouhaveclassesintheafternoononFriday?M:No.Wecangettogetherthenandcelebratetheendoftheweek.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。11.WhydoesElizabethlookworriedtoday?A.Herwalletwasgone. B.Shedidn’tgethervisa. C.Shegotlostinthetheater.12.WhathasElizabethdone?A.She’scontactedthetheater. B.She’sputanadinChinaDaily. C.She’sturnedtothepoliceforhelp.13.WhatwillthemandoforElizabeth?A.Treathertobreakfast. B.Callhisuncle. C.Lendsomemoneytoher.【答案】11.A12.C13.B【原文】M:Hello,Elizabeth.Howareyou?Youlookabitworriedtoday.W:Well,thereissomethingwrongactually.Perhapsyoucangivemesomeadvice.LastnightwhenIreturnedfromthetheater,IfoundthatIlostmywallet.M:Ohdear!Whatwasinyourwallet?W:Somemoney,ofcourse,myvisa,allmyidentitycardsandsomephotos.M:Well,ifIwereyou,I’dgotothepolicestationstraightawayandreportit.W:Yes.I’vealreadydonethat,andtheysaidthey’dlookforit.Butwe’releavingsoonandIneedmyvisaandidentitycardbadly.M:IthinkyoushouldputanadvertisementinChinaDaily,sayingwhenandwhereyoulostit.W:Butthattakestoolong.M:Waitaminute!Myunclelivesveryclosetothetheater.I’lltelephonehimandaskhimtogotheretoinquireaboutit.You’dbetterhavebreakfastnowandI’llmeetyoulater.W:Oh,thankyou.Ihopehefindsit.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。14.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodofirst?A.Touraroundthecity. B.BookticketstoAmsterdam. C.ReserveahotelonGotherstreet.15.Whatisthewoman’sexpectationofthehotel?A.Itwon’tcostmuch. B.It’scleanandgreen. C.It’sclosetotheshoppingmalls.16.WhatdoweknowabouttheRoyalFactory?A.It’sstate-owned. B.Itproducesgreatsilk. C.Itwasbuilt100yearsago.17.Whydothespeakerscometothecity?A.Totakeavacation. B.Togoonbusiness. C.Tovisitafriend.【答案】14.A15.C16.B17.A【原文】M:Wow!Whatagreatcity!It’sasbeautifulasAmsterdam.W:IthinkI’mgoingtolikeit,too.Canwejustdrivearoundbeforewecheckintoahotel?M:Sure.WhileinAmsterdam,IphonedaheadtomakereservationsinonehotelonGotherStreet.It’sinthecenterofthecity.W:Good!Ihopeit’snottoofarfromtheshoppingdistrict.Ididn’tbuythatmuchinAmsterdam,soIhavesomeextramoneytospendhere.M:Lookatalltheparks.It’swonderfultoseehowcleanandgreentheseEuropeancitiesare.Andlook!There’stheRoyalFactory.W:Whataboutit?M:Theroyalfamilyownsit.Ithasbeenmakingworld-classsilkforhundredsofyears.W:Isee.Andwhat’soverthere?Lookatallthepeople!M:That’stheCentralStationnexttoCentralGarden.TheCentralGardenisfamousaroundtheworldasanamusementpark.W:Willwehavetimetogothere?M:Ofcourse!We’reonvacation,remember?听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。18.Whatisthespeaker?A.Anarchitect. B.Ahostess. C.Atourguide.19.WhatisuniqueaboutMichealJackson’shome?A.Therearesixcars. B.Itofferscoursesinsports. C.Variousanimalslivethere.20.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutMichealJackson?A.Hishomebroughthimfame. B.Hisprivatelifewaswellknown. C.Hedeservedhiswonderfulhome.【答案】18.B19.C20.C【原文】W:WelcometoFantasticHomesoftheRichandFamous!Inthisprogramwewillexplorethebeautifulhomesoffamouspeoplefromallaroundtheworld.Today,wearelookingatthehomeofthelateMichaelJackson.MichaelJackson’shomeiscalledNeverlandRanch.Itisahomelikenoother.Ithasallthethingsthateverystar’shomeshouldhave:asix-cargarage,ahugebasketballcourt,andagolfcourse.Whatmakesitspecialisthatitisalsohometotwenty-sevendifferenttypesofanimals,andtherearetonsofridesandgames.Jacksonbelievedthathishomeshouldbeaplaceforkidstohavefunandrelax.Therearealsomanygreatplacesforadults,includingahugeballroom,aspaceformusicandart,andalargetheater.Jackson’shomewasmainlyaplaceforhimtoescapefromhisfameandrelaxbyhimselfandwithfriends.Hewantedtobuildhisownprivateworldtoenjoyandhecertainlymanagedtodothat.Afterall,MichaelJacksonwastheKingofPop,andhedeservedtoliveinaniceplace.第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节：(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AJoinusonajourneyofdiscoverythissummeratTheNewYorkPublicLibrary!Discoverfreeprogramsforkids,teensandadults.SkillsfortheWorkplaceTeensreviewprofessionalworkplaceskillstopreparefortheirentryintotheworkforce.We’llreflectonchallengingworksituations,discusshowtorespondtothem,andlearnaboutresourcesavailableforsupport.Date:Wednesday,July10Location:ParkchesterLibraryAudience:Teens/YoungAdultsAdultArtWorkshopJoinusforabasicpaintingusingwatercolorsorcoloringpencils.Coloringpromoteswellness,andalsostimulatesbrainareasrelatedtomotorskills,thesenses,andcreativity.Allmaterialswillbeprovided.NoRegistrationrequired.Date:Monday,August12Location:CastleHillLibraryAudience:AdultsSTEAMCraftsandChatLearnhowto3Dprintyourowndesigns,expressyourcreativitythroughdrawingandpainting,makejewelrybyhand,andmoreatourweeklySTEAMCraftsandChatworkshop.Firstcome,firstserved.Date:Wednesday,September4Location:HarryBelafonteLibraryAudience:Teens/YoungAdultsFamilyStorytimeJoinusforsongs,rhymes,andfavoriteread-aloudbooksinthisstorytimethat’sfunforthewholefamily.Foryoungchildrenofallages.Idealforcaregiverswithmultiple-agedchildren.Date:Friday,September6Location:RiverdaleLibraryAudience:Pre-schoolersIfyouhaveanyquestionsabouttheeventslistedabove,pleasecontactthebranchformoreinformation.SeehereforserviceupdatesattheLibrary.21.Whichbranchlibraryshouldteenschooseiftheywanttopracticeessentialjobskills?A.ParkchesterLibrary. B.CastleHillLibrary.C.HarryBelafonteLibrary. D.RiverdaleLibrary.22.WhatcanparticipantsdointheprogramSTEAMCraftsandChat?A.Designa3Dprinter. B.DIYhand-madejewelry.C.Learntoserveothers. D.ExploretheNewYorkcity.23.Whatdotheprogramshaveincommon?A.Theyaretargetedatteenagers. B.Theyarefreeofcharge.C.Theyareavailableallsummer. D.Theyneedtoberegisteredinadvance.【答案】21.A22.B23.B【语篇解读】本文为一篇应用文。文章介绍了纽约公共图书馆的几个免费项目。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章SkillsfortheWorkplace中的“Teensreviewprofessionalworkplaceskillstopreparefortheirentryintotheworkforce.(青少年复习职场技能，为进入职场做准备。)”以及“Location:ParkchesterLibrary(地点：帕克切斯特图书馆)”可知，帕克切斯特图书馆，能够练习必要的职业技能。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文章STEAMCraftsandChat中“Learnhowto3Dprintyourowndesigns,expressyourcreativitythroughdrawingandpainting,makejewelrybyhand,andmoreatourweeklySTEAMCraftsandChatworkshop.(了解如何3D打印自己的设计，通过绘画和涂鸦表达你的创造力，手工制作珠宝，以及更多活动，都在我们每周举办的STEAM工艺与交流工作坊中。)”可知，在这里能自己动手制作的手工珠宝。故选B。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“JoinusonajourneyofdiscoverythissummeratTheNewYorkPublicLibrary!Discoverfreeprogramsforkids,teensandadults.(今年夏天，加入我们在纽约公共图书馆的探索之旅！发现为孩子们、青少年和成年人提供的免费项目。)”可知，这些项目都是免费的。故选B。BGrowingupasakidintheUK,Iwasfascinatedbyinsects.Wantingtoprotectthem,Istartedbuildinghousesforants,usinglittlepiecesofwoodandleaves.Ithenmovedontomakinglittlecupsandsaucersfromsilverfoil(箔纸)forthemagicalcreatures.Whenseeingmywork,mymothertoldmethatthesmallerImadethings,thebiggermynamewouldbecome.Astheyearswentby,mydesignsbecamemorecomplicated.Makingsculpturesisn’tactuallyenjoyable.Isometimesworkfor16hoursadaywithoutbreaks,andittakesmeuptothreemonthstofinishasculpture.Ihavetoholdmybreathduringthesculptingprocess.Onetime,aflylandedonaCinderellacarriagesculptureIwasworkingon.Thefly’swingsblewitaway,anditwaslost.Iwasheartbroken.Anothertime,IaccidentallybreathedinamicroscopicAlicefromAliceinWonderland.AliceisnowintheWonderlandforever.Butitdidgivemethechancetomakeanevenbetteronethesecondtimearound.Mysculptureshavetakenmetoincredibleplaces.In2012,Imetthequeen,givingheracrownontheheadofapin.In2013,IreceivedmyfirstGuinnessWorldRecordforcreatingthesmallestsculpturebyhand,a24-caratgoldmotorbikethatfittedinsideahair.In2017,Ibeatmyrecordwithasculptureofahumanfetus(胎儿)thatmeasured0.078mmby0.053mm.Iwasdiagnosedwithautism(自闭症)asanadult.Inschool,myteachershadpointedmeoutasanexampleoffailure;now,Iseemyautismasagift.It’spushedmetobethebestIcanbe.Iholdworkshopsinschoolsforneurodiversechildren,sharingmystoryandhelpingthemcreatetheirownminiaturefigures.Themicroscopicworldhasalwaysbeenmyhappyplace.I’vetriedtomakebiggersculptures,butsmallisbestforme.Weneedtoappreciatethelittlethingsinlife.Smallthingscanalsobemighty,too.24.Whatdrovetheauthortomaketinysculptureatthebeginning?A.Hisinterestininsects. B.Hisdesiretomakeaname.C.Hisdreamofsettingarecord. D.Hisawarenessofwildlifeprotection.25.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’ssculptingprocess?A.Eventfulandenjoyable. B.Complexandfrustrating.C.Money-wastingbutentertaining. D.Time-consumingbutfulfilling.26.Howdoestheauthordealwithhisautismnow?A.Hereceivesmedicaltreatment. B.Hetakesfulladvantageofit.C.Heregardsitasthesourceoffailure. D.Hesharesitandaskshelpfromothers.27.Whatmessagedoestheauthormainlyconveythroughthetext?A.Greatartcomesatacostofloss. B.Childhoodexperiencessculptacareer.C.Minorthingsinlifecancarryweight. D.Hardworkcontributestogreatachievements.【答案】24.A25.D26.B27.C【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者利用自己的自闭症来让自己变得更好的故事。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“GrowingupasakidintheUK,Iwasfascinatedbyinsects.Wantingtoprotectthem,Istartedbuildinghousesforants,usinglittlepiecesofwoodandleaves.(我小时候在英国长大，对昆虫很着迷。为了保护它们，我开始用小块木头和树叶为蚂蚁建造房屋)”可知，对昆虫的兴趣驱使作者在一开始制作雕塑作品。故选A。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Isometimesworkfor16hoursadaywithoutbreaks,andittakesmeuptothreemonthstofinishasculpture.(我有时一天工作16个小时，不间断地工作，完成一件雕塑需要3个月的时间)”；第三段“Butitdidgivemethechancetomakeanevenbetteronethesecondtimearound.(但它确实给了我第二次做一个更好的机会)”以及第四段“In2017,Ibeatmyrecordwithasculptureofahumanfetus(胎儿)thatmeasured0.078mmby0.053mm.(2017年，我用一个0.078毫米乘0.053毫米的人类胎儿雕塑打破了我的记录)”可知，作者的雕刻过程耗时但令人有成就感。故选D。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Inschool,myteachershadpointedmeoutasanexampleoffailure;now,Iseemyautismasagift.It’spushedmetobethebestIcanbe.(在学校里，我的老师把我当作失败的例子；现在，我把我的自闭症看作是一份礼物。它促使我成为最好的自己)”可知，作者充分利用了自己自闭症。故选B。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Weneedtoappreciatethelittlethingsinlife.Smallthingscanalsobemighty,too.(我们需要欣赏生活中的小事。小事情也可以是强大的)”可知，作者通过文章想表达的是生活中的小事也很有分量。故选C。CHere’saquickquiz.PersonAdoesafavorforyou.PersonBasksyoutodoafavorforhim.Whodoyoutendtolikemore?Surprisingly,theanswerisPersonB.Thisquirk(怪癖)ofhumannatureisknownastheBenFranklinEffect.BenjaminFranklincameacrossthephenomenonin1736whenservingasaclerktothePennsylvaniaAssembly.Apowerfulmemberdidn’tcareforFranklinandthreatenedtomakelifemiserableforhim.Whattodo?Insteadofwinninghimoverwithsweettalk,Franklinaskedifhecouldborrowarareandvaluablebookthemanowned.Thisrequestalteredtheman’sattitudeandpavedthewayfortheirfriendship.Franklin’stakeaway:“Hethathasoncedoneyouakindnesswillbereadytodoyouanother,thanhewhomyouyourselfhaveobliged.”Severalstudieshaveconfirmedthis.ButhowcanweexplaintheBenFranklinEffect?Somepsychologistsrefertocognitivedissonance(失调).It’sdifficulttoholdtwocontradictorythoughtsatthesametime.Itmakesusuncomfortable.Weresolvethistensionbychangingourmind.“Idon’tlikeJoe,butIamdoinghimafavor,”wemightthink.“SomaybeIdolikehim.”Whilecognitivedissonanceexplainsalot,italonedoesn’texplaintheBenFranklinEffect.One2015studyfoundthatitwas,rather,theaffiliative(亲和的)motivethattherequestsconvey.Thatis,wehumanswanttomaintaingoodrelationswithotherhumans,andonewaytoachievethisisbydoingfavorsforothers.Thisexplainsalotaboutaltruisticbehavior.Welikebeingusefuland,byextension,welikethosewhogiveustheopportunitytodoso.It’sinourgenes.Yetthereismuchwestilldon’tknowabouttheBenFranklinEffect.Doesitapplyequallyacrosscultures?Isthereapointbeyondwhichaskingafavormakesyouless,notmorelikable?Askingtoborrowabookisonething;askingtoborrowacarisanother.28.WhydoestheauthormentionBenjaminFranklin’sexperience?A.Toillustrateadilemmainmakingchoices. B.Tosuggestawayofstrikingupfriendships.C.Tostresstheimportanceofstrategicrequests. D.TointroducetheoriginoftheBenFranklinEffect.29.Whatisareasonforpeople’stendencytolikethoseaskingforfavors?A.Reducingthetensioncausedbysocialcontact.B.Increasingthechanceofgettinghelpinreturn.C.Avoidingthediscomfortfromconflictingthoughts.D.Establishingacooperativecommunityofsharedtrust.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“altruistic”probablymeaninparagraph4?A.Selfless. B.Impolite. C.Aggressive. D.Responsible.31.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheBenFranklinEffect?A.Itmakeslittlesense. B.Itappliestomostcultures.C.Ithassituationallimitations. D.Ithasgreatpracticalsignificance.【答案】28.D29.C30.A31.C【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了本·富兰克林效应。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Surprisingly,theanswerisPersonB.Thisquirk(怪癖)ofhumannatureisknownastheBenFranklinEffect.(令人惊讶的是，答案是B型这种人性的怪癖被称为本·富兰克林效应。)”和第二段的“BenjaminFranklincameacrossthephenomenonin1736whenservingasaclerktothePennsylvaniaAssembly.Apowerfulmemberdidn’tcareforFranklinandthreatenedtomakelifemiserableforhim.Whattodo?Insteadofwinninghimoverwithsweettalk,Franklinaskedifhecouldborrowarareandvaluablebookthemanowned.Thisrequestalteredtheman’sattitudeandpavedthewayfortheirfriendship.Franklin’stakeaway:“Hethathasoncedoneyouakindnesswillbereadytodoyouanother,thanhewhomyouyourselfhaveobliged.”(本杰明·富兰克林(BenjaminFranklin)在1736年担任宾夕法尼亚州议会书记员时遇到了这种现象。一个有权有势的成员不喜欢富兰克林，并威胁要让他的生活很痛苦。该怎么办？富兰克林没有用甜言蜜语来说服他，而是问他是否可以借他拥有的一本珍贵的书。这个请求改变了男人的态度，为他们的友谊铺平了道路。富兰克林的结论是：“曾经善待过你的人，会比你所善待的人更愿意为你做另一件事。”)”可推断，作者提到本杰明·富兰克林的经历为了介绍“本杰明·富兰克林效应”的起源。故选D。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Somepsychologistsrefertocognitivedissonance(失调).It’sdifficulttoholdtwocontradictorythoughtsatthesametime.Itmakesusuncomfortable.(一些心理学家称之为认知失调。同时持有两种相互矛盾的思想是很难的。这让我们感到不舒服。)”

可知，人们倾向于喜欢寻求帮助的人是因为认知失调，即避免持有矛盾的想法带来的不适。故选C。【30题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词前文“One2015studyfoundthatitwas,rather,theaffiliative(亲和的)motivethattherequestsconvey.Thatis,wehumanswanttomaintaingoodrelationswithotherhumans,andonewaytoachievethisisbydoingfavorsforothers.(2015年的一项研究发现，更确切地说，这是请求所传达的亲和动机。也就是说，我们人类希望与他人保持良好的关系，而实现这一目标的一种方式就是帮助他人。)”以及下文“Welikebeingusefuland,byextension,welikethosewhogiveustheopportunitytodoso.It’sinourgenes.(我们喜欢成为有用的人，推而广之，我们喜欢那些给我们这样做机会的人。这是我们的基因。)”可推断，划线词所在句说明人类希望通过帮助他人来保持良好的关系，这解释了无私的行为，因此推断画线词与selfless“无私的”意思相近。故选A。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Yetthereismuchwestilldon’tknowabouttheBenFranklinEffect.Doesitapplyequallyacrosscultures?Isthereapointbeyondwhichaskingafavormakesyouless,notmorelikable?Askingtoborrowabookisonething;askingtoborrowacarisanother.(然而，我们对本·富兰克林效应还有很多不了解的地方。它在不同文化中都适用吗？有没有一个点，超过了这个点，请求别人帮忙会让你更不讨人喜欢，而不是更讨人喜欢？借书是一回事；向别人借车是另一回事。)”可知，作者认为本·富兰克林效应有情境限制。故选C。DAtonetime,ourgrowingpopulationwasseenascentraltowildlifeextinction,resourceexhaustion,pollutionandenvironmentaldestruction.Buttoday,ourconcernsshifttodecliningbirthratesduetoincreasedreproductivechoiceforwomen.Thisisapositivedevelopment,butisoftendescribedasa“crisis”inthemedia,highlightingeconomicandseniorcarechallenges.Lostintheconversationarethemanypositiveaspectsofanagingsociety,whichistheresultofpeoplelivinghealthierandlongerlives,andcommon-senserealitieslikereducedneedsforinfrastructure(基础设施)andlowerecologicalimpacts.Alsolostisthefactthatourpopulationstillgrowsby80millionpeopleeveryyear.Andtheconsequencesofhighbirthratesaresevere.Amongthemisglobalwarming.Infact,increasedemissions(排放)frompopulationgrowthhavecanceledmorethanthreequartersoftheemissionssavedthroughenergyefficiencyandrenewablesoverthepastthreedecades.Yet,nomatterhowwelldocumentedthelinkbetweenpopulationandclimate,loweringourpopulationisnotablyabsentfromtheconversationonsolutions.Instead,thefocusisontechnologythatwillsupposedlyallowourentiregrowingpopulationtoenjoytheenergy-intensivelifestylesnowenjoyedbytherich,andwithnoclimateimpacts.But“green”technologyisnotthesolutionitisadvertisedtobe.Itsexpansiontothedegreeneededtopoweragrowingpopulationatadecentstandardoflivingwoulditselfrequireashockinginvestmentinfossil(化石)fuels.Italsorequiresmassiveminingoperations,manyofwhichtakeplaceonthebacksoflow-wageworkersinAfricawhereitisdrivingdestructionofrainforestscriticaltothesurvivalofgreatapes.Besides,itrequires10timesthelandareaasfossilfuelplantsforthesameamountofenergygenerated.Whenglobalwarmingthreatenstopushbillionsintounsafetemperatures,itisnotimetopanicthatweareaddingfewertothosebillions.Infact,decliningbirthratesshouldbecauseforcelebrationastheysignifyadvancesingenderequalityandareducedburdenonEarth.32.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?A.Theglobalpopulationisdecreasingeveryyear.B.Thebenefitsofanagingsocietyareoverlooked.C.Theecologicalenvironmentisturningforthebetter.D.Themediamakeupmisleadingnewsaboutthepopulation.33.Whatishighlightedasadisadvantageofhighbirthrates?A.Reducedinfrastructureneeds. B.Challengesinseniorcareservices.C.Aslowdownineconomicgrowth. D.Increasedgreenhousegasemissions.34.Whyis“green”technologyquestionedinthetext?A.Itdoesdamagetotheecosystem. B.Itisnotpopulararoundtheworld.C.Itisunaffordableforpoorregions. D.Ithaslittleeffectonreducingpollution.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AgingSocieties:AGlobalCrisis B.TheMysteryof“Green”TechnologyC.TheTrendofPopulationGrowth D.DecliningBirthRates:AHopefulSign【答案】32.B33.D34.A35.D【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是人口高出生率的危害以及出生率降低带来的积极影响。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Thisisapositivedevelopment,butisoftendescribedasa“crisis”inthemedia,highlightingeconomicandseniorcarechallenges.(这是一个积极的发展，但媒体经常将其描述为“危机”，强调经济和老年人护理方面的挑战。)”以及下文中介绍的人口老龄化带来的积极影响被人们忽略的事实可知，在第二段我们了解到的是老龄化社会的好处被人们忽略。故选B项。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Andtheconsequencesofhighbirthratesaresevere.Amongthemisglobalwarming.(高出生率的后果是严重的。其中之一就是全球变暖。)”以及下文中介绍的高出生率导致排放量增加的情况可知，高出来率的缺点是造成温室气体排放增加。故选D项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Itsexpansiontothedegreeneededtopoweragrowingpopulationatadecentstandardoflivingwoulditselfrequireashockinginvestmentinfossil(化石)fuels.Italsorequiresmassiveminingoperations,manyofwhichtakeplaceonthebacksoflow-wageworkersinAfricawhereitisdrivingdestructionofrainforestscriticaltothesurvivalofgreatapes.(它的扩张要达到为不断增长的人口提供体面生活所需的程度，本身就需要对化石燃料(化石)进行惊人的投资。它还需要大规模的采矿作业，其中许多是在非洲的低工资工人的支持下进行的，这正在破坏对类人猿生存至关重要的热带雨林。)”可知，“绿色”技术的扩张需要对化石燃料进行大量投资，大规模的釆矿作业，破坏了对类人猿生存至关重要的热带雨林，由此可知，“绿色”技术被质疑的原因是它破坏了生态环境。故选A项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容及最后一段中“Infact,decliningbirthratesshouldbecauseforcelebrationastheysignifyadvancesingenderequalityandareducedburdenonEarth.(事实上，出生率下降应该是值得庆祝的，因为它们标志着性别平等的进步和地球负担的减轻)”可知，本文主要讨论了出生率下降的积极意义，所以D选项“出生率下降：一个充满希望的迹象”概括全文主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选D项。第二节：(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhyarePoliceOfficersCalledCops?Policeofficersareoftenreferredtoascops.____36____Somearguethetermisshortenedfrom“copper”andcomesfromcopperbadges(徽章)wornbyapoliceman.Otherssaythatitstandsfor“ConstabularyofPolice”.Generalagreementonthewordoriginsof“cop”,however,suggeststhatthetermisbasedmoreonthepoliceman’sjobthanonhisclothingorjobtitle.InLatin,theverbcaperecanbedefinedas“tocapture.”InFrench,theverbiscaper.“Tocop”inEnglishistoseizeortotake.____37____SomealsobelievethattheDutchwordkapen,whichalsolooselytranslatesto“tostealortake”,isrelatedtopolicemenbeingcalledcoppersorcops.Essentially,thepoliceforcewastheretotakecriminalsoffthestreets.____38____AndsinceAmericanEnglishespeciallydrawsfromGerman,French,andLatin,thespecificlanguageoriginofkapenorcaperecreatesareadypathtotheterm“cop”.____39____Anditisnolongerconsideredrude.However,certainothertermsforpoliceofficersaredefinitelyunwelcome.WhileBritishPolicemightnotmindbeingcalled“bobbies”,nopolicemembersliketobereferredtoas“pigs”orthe“fuzz”.Somedon’tmindthetermthe“heat”asappliedtothewholepoliceforce,butthepoliceforcedoesnotgenerallytakekindlytotermsgiventothembycriminals.Theterm“cop”isinsuchcommonusagenowthatashowdocumentingtheirworkonthejobiscalledCops.EventhoughJ.EdgarHooveroncehighlyobjectedtotheterm,itisnowfinetorefertoapolicemanorapolicewomanasacop.____40____A.Thetermisslightlylessfamiliartopeople.B.So,theLatin,Dutch,andFrenchtermsareallsimilar.C.Thesewordsdefinesomeofwhatapoliceofficerdoes.D.Theprofessionofapoliceofficerwasnotrespectedthen.E.Buttheoriginsofthisnicknamearesomethingofadebate.F.However,theterm“policeofficer”isgenerallymostcorrect.G.Todayitisappropriatetocallmembersofthepoliceforcecops.【答案】36.E37.C38.B39.G40.F【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章讲述了警察为什么被称为cops的由来。【36题详解】根据下文“Somearguethetermisshortenedfrom“copper”andcomesfromcopperbadges(徽章)wornbyapoliceman.Otherssaythatitstandsfor“ConstabularyofPolice”.(一些人认为这个词是“copper”的缩写，来自警察佩戴的铜徽章。也有人说它代表“警察总队”。)”可知，关于“cop”这个昵称的起源存在争议。因此推断E项“但这个绰号的起源却存在争议。”符合语境。故选E。【37题详解】根据上文“Generalagreementonthewordoriginsof“cop”,however,suggeststhatthetermisbasedmoreonthepoliceman’sjobthanonhisclothingorjobtitle.InLatin,theverbcaperecanbedefinedas“tocapture.”InFrench,theverbiscaper.“Tocop”inEnglishistoseizeortotake.(然而，关于“cop”一词起源的普遍共识表明，这个词更多地是基于警察的工作，而不是他的服装或头衔。在拉丁语中，动词capere可以被定义为“捕获”。在法语中，动词是caper。“Tocop”在英语中的意思是抓住或拿走。)”可知，在不同的语言中有不同的词定义了警察的部分工作，因此推断C项“这些词定义了警察的部分工作”总结上文，thesewords指代前文的词汇。故选C。【38题详解】根据上文“Essentially,thepoliceforcewastheretotakecriminalsoffthestreets.(SomealsobelievethattheDutchwordkapen,wh