2024-2025学年新教材高中英语Unit1ScienceFictionLearningAboutLanguage素养作业含解析新人教版选择性必修第四册

PAGEUnit1ScienceFictionLearningAboutLanguageⅠ.单句语法填空1.Thisstorywasoriginally(origin)writtenbyfamoussciencefictionwriterIsaacAsimov.2.Thenewstylerobotwillbetested(test)outinClaire’shouse.

3.Whenherhusbandwasawayonbusiness,Clairewaslooked(look)afterbyarobotthatlookedlikesohuman.

4.Clairethoughtitwasridiculousthatshewas(being)offered(offer)sympathybyarobot,butshegraduallybegantotrusthim.

5.Manybookshavebeenscanned(scan)byTonysincehecametoClaire’shouse.

6.Whenthesaleswomanwasrudetoher,ClairerangTonyandtoldhimthatshewasbeingtreated(treat)badly.

7.Howawfulitwastobediscovered(discover)talkingtoamanbyGladysClaffern!

8.Itwasexpected(expect)thatthehouse,whichwasbeingcompletelytransformed,wouldbereadythenextday.

9.Withthenovelbeingtranslated/translated(translate)intomanyforeignlanguages,itbecameworldfamous.

10.Theenvironmentalproblemwasbeingdiscussed(discuss)atthemeetingwhenIwalkedintheroom.

Ⅱ.句型转换1.PeoplesaythatMaryShelleyisoneofthefirstfictionwritersinEnglishliterature.→ItissaidthatMaryShelleyisoneofthefirstfictionwritersinEnglishliterature.

2.IhavereadmostofMoYan’snovels.→IhavereadmostofthenovelswrittenbyMoYan.

3.Thepolicemantellsthechildrennottoplayinthestreet.→Thechildrenaretoldbythepolicemannottoplayinthestreet.

4.Dotheyplanttreesinandaroundourcityeveryyear?→Aretreesplantedbytheminandaroundourcityeveryyear?

5.ApainfulaccidentinspiredKaleyCuocotomakebeautifulmusicforhomelessanimals.→KaleyCuocowasinspiredbyapainfulaccidenttomakebeautifulmusicforhomelessanimals.

6.In1849peoplediscoveredgoldinCaliforniainthemountainsnearSanFranciscoandsostartedthefamousGoldRush.→In1849goldwasdiscoveredinCaliforniainthemountainsnearSanFranciscoandsostartedthefamousGoldRush.

7.OurEnglishteachercaughthimcheatingintheexamination.→HewascaughtcheatingbyourEnglishteacherintheexamination.

8.ManypeopleintheworldspeakEnglish.→Englishisspokenbymanypeopleintheworld.

Ⅰ.阅读理解Wanttogetyourpackagedeliveredviarobots?Nowthere’sanappforthat.IfyouliveinWashingtonD.C.,orRedwood,youmayhaveglimpsedasmall,boxyrobotrollingalongalocalsidewalk,mindingitsownbusiness,butattractingtheattentionofmanycuriousonlookers.TheautonomousmachineswerepartofapilotprogramlastyearbyStarshipTechnologiesfocusingondeliveringmealsfromlocalrestaurantsindozensofcitiesaroundtheworld.Thisweek,thecompanyunveiledplanstobroadenitsdeliveryservicebeyondfoodtoincludepackage,amovethatledittodeclareitself“theworld’sfirstrobotpackagedeliveryservice”.Thenexttimeyouorderfood,thiscuterobotmightrolluptodeliverit.Thepackagedeliveryserviceisnotavailabletoeveryoneyet.Thewheeledrobotshaveatopspeedof4mphandcandetectobstaclesfrom30feetaway.“Therobotcanoperatethroughanything,”NickHandrick,headofoperationsforStarship’sD.C.office,said,“Ifyouhadsomethingintheway—astick—it’sabletoclimbsticks.”Tosignupfortheservice,whichcostsalittlemorethan$10permonth,customersneedtodownloadthecompany’sapp.Customersthencreatea“StarshipDeliveryAddress”,auniqueaddressinsideaStarshipfacility,wheretheycanhavepackagesentfromplacessuchasAmazon.com.OnceapackageisdeliveredtotheStarshipaddress,customersreceiveatextnotificationthatallowsthemtoscheduleahomedeliveryviarobot.Therobotsareopenedbycustomersviaamobilephonecode.Barriersexistforroboticgrounddelivery,withmanystatesrequiringthathumansbeincontrolofdeliveryrobots.Thoseregulationshaven’tstoppedStarshipTechnologiesfromaccumulatingexperienceonstreetsaroundtheglobeaheadofthecompany’slatestlaunch.Thecompanysaysitsrobotshavecoveredmorethan125,000milesinmorethan100citiesin20countries.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章讲解并描述了StarshipTechnologies公司开发一项由机器人送货的服务,从最初的送餐服务到试点送包袱服务。1.Whatcanweknowabouttheroboticdelivery?A.ItispartofatrialprojectbyStarshipTechnologies.B.Theroboticdeliveryisavailabletoeveryoneatpresent.C.Youcanusetheservicefreeofchargeviasmartphones.D.Therobotsareopenedbycustomerswithatextnotification.【解析】选A。推理推断题。依据其次段第一句可知,这些自动机器是去年星际飞船技术公司试点项目的一部分,该项目专注于从全球数十个城市的当地餐馆供应饭菜。故选A。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unveiled”inParagraph2probablymean?A.Revised. B.Released.C.Restored. D.Reset.【解析】选B。词义揣测题。依据其次段“这些自动机器是去年星际飞船技术公司试点项目的一部分,该项目专注于从全球数十个城市的当地餐馆供应饭菜。”可知,之前的这个安排只是试点项目,没有完全铺开。但是这一周,为了扩大送货范围,这个安排被公布了。故选B。3.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Thegoodnewsoftheservice.B.Howtheroboticdeliveryworks.C.Thedisadvantagesoftheroboticdelivery.D.Roboticdeliverydevelopsdespitechallenges.【解析】选D。主旨大意题。依据最终一段第一句以及最终一句可知,机器人地面运输存在障碍,很多州要求由人类限制运输机器人,但尽管如此,他们的机器人已经在20个国家的100多个城市行驶了超过12.5万英里。所以本段主要讲了尽管这项服务存在挑战但也是在向前发展。故选D。4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.NewRobotWasInventedB.WheellessRobotsAreontheWayC.HowRobotsDeliverPackagesD.PackagesWillBeDeliveredbyRobots【解析】选D。主旨大意题。依据文章第一段Wanttogetyourpackagedeliveredviarobots?(你想通过机器人把包袱送到吗?)以及所提及的“在华盛顿特区或红杉区(Redwood),你可能会瞥见一个四四方方的小机器人在当地的人行道上滚动,运输包袱,”可知,文章就是围绕机器人送包袱所绽开的。后文又补充,机器人送包袱这项服务已经被公布且详细实施。最终也提及,虽然遇到挑战,但是也在接着向前发展。故选D。Ⅱ.完形填空OnedayIwassleepinginmychairwhenIwokeuptothesoundofacarcrash.Isatupandlooked1outmywindow.Acrossthestreet,acarhadjustbackedintoachain-linkfence.Thecarmusthavebeenmovingfast,2itwasinbadshape.Thefencewasbentoutexactlythe3ofthecar’sbackend.

Iwatchedthedrivergetoutofthecar.Afterafewsecondsof4thedamage,themantriedtoputthefencebackintotheplace.Hisfirstattemptfailedandhetriedalittleharder.Hegrabbeditsverticalsupportpoleandpulledagainstitwithhisfull5.Thepolesuddenly6andthemanfellhardontotheground.Theentirefencefellontopofhim,andoneofhisshoes7andlanded10feetawayonthesidewalk.

Ilaughedoutloud.Theman’sfailurewas8mywholeday.Heclimbedoutfromunderthe9fenceandwentbacktotheapartmentbuilding.

That,Ithought,wouldbethe10ofit.Themanwasgoingtoleaveallthechaosbehindforsomeoneelseto11.However,theman12afewminuteslaterwithsometools.Forthenexthour,I13outmywindowashedoggedlyfixedthefenceandevenimprovedit.Nowthefencewouldbeextrasecure,strongerthanbefore.

ThismanwasactuallyaheroandIwasembarrassedbymy14judgments.Yearslater,Istilllookoutmywindowatthatfencealmosteveryday.Itmakesme15whatelsethatmanhasimproved,andhowIcanmakemyselfmorelikehim.

【文章大意】本文是记叙文。讲解并描述作者目睹了一场车祸,出事的车辆把栅栏撞坏了,司机坚持修好栅栏。作者本以为司机起先修不好就放弃了,后来司机坚持修好了栅栏,作者因为自己的不公允推断感到很尴尬,认为司机是一个英雄,自己应当向他学习。1.A.gradually B.especiallyC.immediately D.generally【解析】选C。gradually渐渐地;especially尤其,特殊地;immediately马上;generally一般地。依据上文Iwokeuptothesoundofacarcrash可知,我被车祸中声惊醒,因此我马上坐起来向窗外看,故选C。2.A.until B.becauseC.if D.although【解析】选B。句意:这辆车肯定跑得很快,因为它已经变形了。依据上下文推断,前后文是因果关系。故选B。3.A.beginning B.directionC.center D.shape【解析】选D。依据上文可知,车被撞变形,因此推断,被撞的栅栏弯出了一个车尾部的形态。故选D。4.A.assessing B.mentioningC.limiting D.avoiding【解析】选A。上文说栅栏被撞出了一个车尾部的形态,结合下文themantriedtoputthefencebackintotheplace可知,评估以后,司机企图把栅栏复原原形。故选A。5.A.equipment B.sightC.wisdom D.weight【解析】选D。equipment设备;sight视野;wisdom才智;weight重量。依据上文Hegrabbeditsverticalsupportpoleandpulledagainstit可知,司机用全部的重量拉栅栏。故选D。6.A.broke B.burntC.lightened D.rose【解析】选A。依据下文themanfellhardontotheground可知,这个人摔到了地上,因此杆子断了。故选A。7.A.movedon B.passedbyC.flewoff D.turnedup【解析】选C。moveon接着前进;passby经过;flyoff飞出;turnup出现。依据下文landed10feetawayonthesidewalk可知,鞋子飞了出去。故选C。8.A.wasting B.brighteningC.completing D.controlling【解析】选B。waste奢侈;brighten使发亮;使欢乐;complete完成;control限制。依据上文Ilaughedoutloud.可知,那一天我很欢乐。故选B。9.A.fallen B.hiddenC.locked D.related【解析】选A。依据上文Theentirefencefellontopofhim可知,栅栏倒塌了。故选A。10.A.plan B.formC.cause D.end【解析】选D。依据下文However,themanafewminuteslaterwithsometools.可知,我认为这件事就这样结束,然而这个人几分钟后带着工具又回来了,故选D。

11.A.giveaway B.cleanupC.learnfrom D.referto【解析】选B。giveaway泄露;cleanup打扫;清理;learnfrom向……学习;referto涉及;指的是。依据leaveallthechaosbehindforsomeoneelse可知,留给别人清理全部的混乱。故选B。12.A.quitted B.hesitatedC.approved D.appeared【解析】选D。quit离开;放弃;hesitate迟疑;approve赞成;同意;appear出现。依据下文ashedoggedlyfixedthefenceandevenimprovedit可知,这个人又出现了。故选D。13.A.worked B.countedC.watched D.guessed【解析】选C。work工作;count计算;watch观看;guess揣测。依据outmywindow可知,我看着窗外,看到这个人始终在修栅栏。故选C。14.A.unbalanced B.uncertainC.unfair D.unhurried【解析】选C。unbalanced不平衡的;uncertain不确定的;unfair不公允的;unhurried镇定自若的。依据上文提到的ThismanwasactuallyaheroandIwasembarrassed可知,我因为我不公允的推断感到尴尬。故选C。15.A.wonder B.observeC.explain D.challenge【解析】选A。句意:它让我想知道那个人还有什么进步,我如何才能让自己更像他。wonder想知道;惊异;observe视察;explain说明;challenge挑战。依据下文提的两个疑问whatelsethatmanhasimproved,andhowIcanmakemyselfmorelikehim可知,我想知道这个人还能取得什么别的进步,我如何更像他。故选A。Ⅲ.语法填空OnMay9,JamesGivenswassittinginthecarwhenhe1.(hear)whatsoundedlikeaknock.Heturnedaroundonly2.(find)agoosepecking(啄)atthecardoor.Thiswashighlyunusualgiventhatthebirdsnormallypreferredtoobservehumansfroma3.(distant).

Butonthisday,thegooseappearedtobedeterminedtogethisattentionanddidn’tstoppecking4.Givensopenedthecardoorandsteppedout.Thoughthebirdthenbegantowalkaway,5.keptturningaroundtomakesurehewasfollowing.Whentheyfinallystopped,Givensrealized6.themothergoosedidsosheneededhelptofreeherbabygoosethathadgot7.(trap)insomeballoonstring.

Worriedthatthemothergoosewouldattackhimifhegotclose8.thebaby,GivenscalledthelocalSPCAchapter.Unfortunately,theywere9.(able)tohelprightaway.Concernedthatthebabygoo