湖南省怀化市2023-2024学年高一下学期期末考试英语试题

绝密★启用前怀化市中小学课程改革教育质量检测试卷2024年上期期考试题高一英语1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号写在答题卡和该试题卷的封面上，并认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号和科目。2.考生作答时，选择题和非选择题均须做在答题卡上，在本试题卷上答题无效。考生在答题卡上按答题卡中注意事项的要求答题。3.考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。4.本试题卷共8页，如缺页，考生须声明，否则后果自负。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上、录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.5.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whendoesthetrainleave?A.At6:30B.At8:30.C.At10:302.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inasupermarket.B.Inabank.C.Inthestreet.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Holidayplans.B.MovingtoLondon.C.Theirfamilies.4.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemovie?A.Scary.B.Disappointing.C.Amusing.5.Whatdoesthemanmeanintheend?A.Hedislikesrainyweather.B.ItseldomrainsinTexas.C.HeavyrainismoninTexas.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whatdidtheboyusetoaskhismothertobuy?A.Amagazine.B.AfootballC.Anewspaper7.WhydoestheboywantthearticleaboutAI?A.Toprepareforaproject.B.TolookforadsaboutAI.C.Tolearnaboutfootball.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Brotherandsister.B.FatheranddaughterC.Employerandemployee.9.WhydoesAnnasoundsad?A.Shedoesn’tdowellinherstudy.B.Jackdidn’tbuyherabirthdaygift.C.Jackwillbeabsentforherbirthdayparty.10.WhereisJacknow?AInhisoffice.B.Inacafe.C.Athome.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Howmuchdoesacampercostaday?A.£85.B.£100C.£115.12.Whatkindofcardoesthemanhire?A.Acamper.B.Asportscar.C.Aminicar.13.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.GuidehimtotheLakeDistrict.B.Remendhimsomethingtosee.CTellhimaboutthetrafficconditions.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.WhendidLilywinamusicpetition?A.Attheageof5.B.Attheageof9.C.Attheageof16.15.WhoencouragedLilytopracticeasmuchaspossible?A.HerfriendsB.Herteacher.C.Herparents.16.WhatisthemostimportantforLilytoimproveherplaying?A.Eatinghealthyfood.B.Takingalotofexercise.C.Avoidingstress17.WhatdoesLilysuggestteenagersdo?A.Playclassicalmusicasmuchaspossible.B.Changetheiropinionaboutclassicalmusic.C.Listentoclassicalmusicmoreoften.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatisthespeechmainlyabout?A.Secretsofplayingchess.B.Historyofthegameofchess.C.Differentplayingformsofchess.19.Wheredidthegameofchessefrom?A.Japan.B.India.C.China.20.Whatdoweknowabouttheworld’sfirstofficialwinnerSteinitz?A.HewasbeatenbyaGerman.B.HelostthetitleinAmerica.C.HewasborninLondon第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWecantallbeprofessionalfootballersbutonethingthatmakesfootballgreatisthateveryonecanplay.AprogramatFullhamFootballClubinLondonisworkingwithagroupofchildrenwhohaven’talwaysbeenabletobepartofateam.What’shappeningatFullham?Onceaweekforthelastthreeyears,trainersatFullhamhavebeenworkingwithagroupchildren.Eachweek,thechildrenmeetupforatrainingsessionwhichconcentratesonthebasicskillsoffootball—passing,control,teamwork.Occasionally,theyplaymatchesagainstotherteams.TherearetrainingsessionslikethisatPremierLeagueclubsbutwhatmakesthisFullhamteamspecialisthatthechildreninthisgroupallhaveDown’ssyndrome.TheFullhamBadgers,astheteamisknown,arethefirstDown’ssyndrometeaminthecountry.WhatisDown’ssyndrome?Down’ssyndromeaffectsaboutoneinathousandpeopleandcauseslearningdifficulties.PeoplewithDown’ssyndromeasosometimeshaveproblemstakingpartinphysicalactivities.Becauseofthis，andbecausetheylookdifferent,childrenwithDown’ssyndromehaven’talwayshadthechancetodowhatotherchildrendoandjoininwithteamsports.Makingopportunities.TheFullhamprojectletstheyoungpeopletrainregularlyandgetthechancetoimprovetheirselfconfidenceaspartoftheteam.It’simportanttoshowthatfootballisnotonlyaboutwinningcupsandscoringgoals.Itcanalsohelpbreakdownthebarriersthattheseyoungstersexperienceineverydaylife.Supportfromtheplayers.TopFullhamplayershavealsobeentrainingwiththechildren.FootballerssuchastheNorwegianinternationalErikNevlandhavelentsupporttotheteam.Afterworkingwiththeyoungstersinapenaltyshootout,ErikNevlandsaid,“Ilovedoingthis.It’sgoodtoeoutinthemunityandletpeopleseewhoyoureallyare.”1.WhatdoweknowaboutthechildrenatFullham?A.Theymeetupforatrainingsessiononceaweek. B.Theyfocusonpracticingadvancedfootballskills.C.Theyoftenplaymatcheswithtopfootballers. D.Theydon’thavechancestoplayfootballatall.2.WhyistheFullhamteamunique?A.Ithasbeenbuiltformorethanthreeyears.B.Itaimstotrainchildrentobeprofessionals.C.ItisspeciallyforchildrenwithDown’ssyndrome.D.Itmakesnodifferencetochildren’smentalhealth.3.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthistext?A.Togivechildrenadviceonplayingfootball.B.Tocallonchildrentodomoresports.C.Toshowpeople’sopinionaboutFullham.D.TointroduceaprogramatFullhamFootballClub.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Fullham足球俱乐部项目。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Eachweek,thechildrenmeetupforatrainingsessionwhichconcentratesonthebasicskillsoffootball—passing,control,teamwork.(每个星期，孩子们聚在一起进行训练，重点是足球的基本技巧——传球、控制、团队合作)”可知，在Fullham的孩子每周开一次训练课。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“TherearetrainingsessionslikethisatPremierLeagueclubsbutwhatmakesthisFullhamteamspecialisthatthechildreninthisgroupallhaveDown’ssyndrome.(英超俱乐部也有这样的训练课程，但Fullham的特别之处在于，这组孩子都患有唐氏综合症)”可知，Fullham团队是独一无二的因为这是专门为患有唐氏综合症的儿童准备的。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Wecantallbeprofessionalfootballersbutonethingthatmakesfootballgreatisthateveryonecanplay.AprogramatFullhamFootballClubinLondonisworkingwithagroupofchildrenwhohaven’talwaysbeenabletobepartofateam.(我们可以成为职业足球运动员，但足球之所以伟大，是因为每个人都能踢。伦敦Fullham足球俱乐部的一个项目正在与一群一直无法成为团队一员的孩子们合作)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍Fullham足球俱乐部项目。故选D。BWhenStanfordUniversitystudentEllenXu,now18,wasafiveyearoldinSanDiego,California,shevividlyrecallsherparentsrushingherlittlesistertothehospital.ThreeyearoldKatehadfallenseriouslyill;shehadafever,reddenedeyes,arash(皮疹)andsomeswellinginherhandsandtongue.Atfirstthepuzzleddoctorsthoughtshehadtheflu,butwhenherconditiondidn’timprove,theXusreturnedtotheemergencyroom,whereadoctorbychancehadsimilarexperiencewithaseriousinflammatory(炎症)reactioninthebloodvesselsknownasKawasakidisease.Thoughrare,it’stheleadingcauseofacquiredheartdiseaseinbabiesandyoungchildren,anditscauseremainssomewhatmysterious.ThedoctorknewhowtotreatitandeventuallyKateshookofftheillnesswithoutsufferingdamagetoherheart.Xuremembersbeingcuriousabouthersister’sdramaticconditionandwasamazedthatthegrownupscouldn’tanswerherquestionsaboutwhyitwassohardtodetect.“Inmymind,itwasthismystery,”shesays.“ItwasapuzzleIwantedtosolve.Adecadelater,wantingtoenterahighschoolsciencefair,shehadanidea:“Whatifwehadadoctorinourpocket?”Soshecreatedjustthat:UsingAI,Xudesignedanalgorithm(算法)thatusesvisualdatatodiagnoseKawasakidiseasebasedonfivephysicalsymptoms.Thetechnologyworksthesamewayasappsthatcanidentifybirdsandplantswithphotosyou’vetakenonyourcellphone.Worriedparentscanuploadaphotothattheyhavetakenoftheirchild,andthetechnologywillscantheimageforsymptomsofKawasakidisease,whichoftenhaveastrongvisualelement,suchasarashoraswollentongue.Xu’sinventionhasbeenusedasawebappontheKawasakiDiseaseFoundation’swebsite.“Thetechnologycouldalsobedevelopedforrecognizingautoimmuneandrheumatologicaldiseases,”shesays.“Itmeansalottome.IwanttouseAItohelppeoplelivehappierandhealthierlives.”Xusays.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.ThedoctorshadnodifficultyrecognizingKate’sillness.B.Katesufferedfromamondiseaseamongchildren.CKawasakidiseaseistheonlycauseofacquiredheartdisease.D.ThecauseofKawasakidiseaseisnotquiteknownyet.5.WhatkindofpersonisEllenXu?A.Curiousandcreative. B.Caringandcheerful.C.Ambitiousandoutgoing D.Humorousand1ggenerous.6.WhatisParagraph4mainlytalkingabout?A.ThebenefitsofXu’salgorithm B.ThesymptomsofKawasakidisease.C.Theworriesthatmostparentshave. D.ThewayXu’sinventionworks.7.WhatmessagedoesEllenXu’sstoryconvey?A.Opportunityknocksbutonce. B.Curiositycanmakeadifference.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess. D.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.【答案】4.D5.A6.D7.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了女孩Ellen小时候见到医生们一开始没有正确诊断出妹妹Kate生的病，后来Kate遇到一名碰巧有过相似经历的医生，才得到有效的治疗，因对妹妹病情的好奇，以及医生无法检查出这种罕见病的惊讶，Ellen在十年后利用人工智能技术创造了一个程序，可以根据症状检测疾病，帮助人们快速获得诊断，改善健康状况，她的发明已被应用于网页应用程序中，她希望通过人工智能帮助更多人过上更快乐、更健康的生活。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Thoughrare,it’stheleadingcauseofacquiredheartdiseaseinbabiesandyoungchildren,anditscauseremainssomewhatmysterious.(虽然罕见，但它是婴儿和幼儿获得性心脏病的主要原因，其原因仍然有些神秘)”可知，川崎病的病因尚不清楚。故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Xuremembersbeingcuriousabouthersister’sdramaticconditionandwasamazedthatthegrownupscouldn’tanswerherquestionsaboutwhyitwassohardtodetect.(Xu记得当时她对妹妹的病情很好奇，并惊讶于大人们无法回答她为什么很难发现的问题)”以及“Adecadelater,wantingtoenterahighschoolsciencefair,shehadanidea:“Whatifwehadadoctorinourpocket?”Soshecreatedjustthat:UsingAI,Xudesignedanalgorithm(算法)thatusesvisualdatatodiagnoseKawasakidiseasebasedonfivephysicalsymptoms.(十年后，她想参加一个高中科学博览会，她有了一个想法：“如果我们口袋里有一个医生会怎么样？”因此，她创造了这样的东西：利用人工智能，Xu设计了一种算法，利用视觉数据根据五种身体症状诊断川崎病)”可知，EllenXu好奇心强，有创造力。故选A。【6题详解】主旨大意题。根据第四段“Thetechnologyworksthesamewayasappsthatcanidentifybirdsandplantswithphotosyou’vetakenonyourcellphone.Worriedparentscanuploadaphotothattheyhavetakenoftheirchild,andthetechnologywillscantheimageforsymptomsofKawasakidisease,whichoftenhaveastrongvisualelement,suchasarashoraswollentongue.(这项技术的工作原理与通过拍摄的照片识别鸟类和植物的应用程序相同。担心的父母可以上传他们为孩子拍摄的照片，该技术将扫描图像，寻找川崎病的症状，这些症状通常具有强烈的视觉元素，如皮疹或舌头肿胀)”可知，第四段主要介绍Xu的发明的工作方式。故选D。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Adecadelater,wantingtoenterahighschoolsciencefair,shehadanidea:“Whatifwehadadoctorinourpocket?”Soshecreatedjustthat:UsingAI,Xudesignedanalgorithm(算法)thatusesvisualdatatodiagnoseKawasakidiseasebasedonfivephysicalsymptoms.(十年后，她想参加一个高中科学博览会，她有了一个想法：“如果我们口袋里有一个医生会怎么样？”因此，她创造了这样的东西：利用人工智能，徐设计了一种算法，利用视觉数据根据五种身体症状诊断川崎病)”结合文章讲述了女孩Ellen小时候见到医生们一开始没有正确诊断出妹妹Kate生的病，后来Kate遇到一名碰巧有过相似经历的医生，才得到有效的治疗，因对妹妹病情的好奇，以及医生无法检查出这种罕见病的惊讶，Ellen在十年后利用人工智能技术创造了一个程序，可以根据症状检测疾病，帮助人们快速获得诊断，改善健康状况，她的发明已被应用于网页应用程序中，她希望通过人工智能帮助更多人过上更快乐、更健康的生活。可知，EllenXu的故事说明了好奇心可以带来不同。故选B。CMountaineeringhasalwaysbeenfavoredbyadventureseekers,whichalsobringsaboutpeople’sconcernaboutenvironmentalproblemsandsafety.Luckily,asthe2024Himalayanmountaineeringseasongetsunderway,anotherhighaltitudeprojectisintheworks:removingtonsoftrashfromMountEverest.AccordingtotheNepaliarmy,theMountainCleanupCampaigncollected110tonsofwastebetween2019,whentheprogramstarted,and2023.Thearmy,whichconductsthecleanupinitiativepartnershipwiththemultinationalbrandUnilever,willheadupthecampaignagainthisyear.Twelvemembersofthemilitary,supportedbyeighteenSherpas,willarriveatEverestBaseCamponApril14tobeginthework.Inadditiontoremovinganestimated10tonsofgarbage,thearmysaidinastatemethattheyplantobringfivedeadbodiesoffofthemountain.Thesebodiesareofclimberswhodiedwhileattemptingtosummittheworld’shighestpeak.In2023,12climberswereconfirmedtohavediedonEverest,additionalfivestillofficiallyunaccountedfor.Currently,themajorityofthosewhotrytoclimbthe8,849meter(29,032foot)HimalayanpeakdosoviaNepal.Lastyear,theNepaligovernmentgaveoutarecordhigh478Everesthikingpermits.However,thatisnotthetotalnumberofpeoplewhowillbeonthemountain,asSherpaguides,supportstaffersandothersarepresentwithclimbinggroups.AsaresultovercrowdingandtrashhavebeentwoofthebiggestproblemsplaguingEverestinrecentyears.Oneofthebiggestenvironmentalissueshasbeenhumanwaste.The2024climbingseasonwillbethefirsttorequireallclimberstousegovernmentdistributedpoophagsandbringtheirwastebackdownwiththemfromthehighermountaincamps.“Eachpersonproduces250gramsofwasteadayandtheywillspendtwoweeksonthehighercampsforthesummitpush,”DiwasPokhrel,firstvicepresidentofEverestSummiteersAssociation,toldCNNlastmonth.Inaddition,2024willbethefirsttimethatallEverestclimbersareissuedtrackingchips,whichcanaidinsearchandrescuemissions.8.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutMountainCleanupCampaign?A.Itwassetupatleast10yearsagobySherpas.B.ItsmainaimistoclearrubbishonEverestC.TheNepaliarmywillleaditforthefirsttime.D.Altogether30peoplewillconductthecleanup.9.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordplaguinginPara.3mean?A.Bothering B.Delighting. C.Amazing. D.Destroying.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.GovernmentattacheslittleimportancetoenvironmentalprotectionB.MountaineeringatEverestwillbemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.C.MorehumanwastewillbeleftonEverestbyrescuemembers.D.MorepeoplewillshowinterestindoingmountaineeringatEverest.11.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Anacademicarticle. B.Atouristguideline.C.Asurveyreport. D.Anenvironmentalarticle.【答案】8.B9.A10.B11.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了近年来清除珠穆朗玛峰垃圾所采取的措施。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Luckily,asthe2024Himalayanmountaineeringseasongetsunderway,anotherhighaltitudeprojectisintheworks:removingtonsoftrashfromMountEverest.(幸运的是，随着2024年喜马拉雅登山季节的到来，另一个高海拔项目正在进行中：从珠穆朗玛峰上清除成吨的垃圾。)”和第二段中“AccordingtotheNepaliarmy,theMountainCleanupCampaigncollected110tonsofwastebetween2019,whentheprogramstarted,and2023.(据尼泊尔军方称，从2019年该计划开始到2023年，山区清理运动收集了110吨废物。)”可知，山区清理运动的主要目的是清理珠峰上的垃圾。故选B项。【9题详解】词句猜测题。第三段中划线词前文“Asaresultovercrowdingandtrashhavebeentwoofthebiggestproblems(因此，过度拥挤和垃圾一直是最大的两个问题)”说明珠峰存在着两大问题有待解决，从而推知“plaguingEverestinrecentyears(近年来plaguing珠穆朗玛峰)”其中划线部分意思是“给（珠峰）造成麻烦，困扰着（珠峰）”。故选A项。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Luckily,asthe2024Himalayanmountaineeringseasongetsunderway,anotherhighaltitudeprojectisintheworks:removingtonsoftrashfromMountEverest.(幸运的是，随着2024年喜马拉雅登山季节的到来，另一个高海拔项目正在进行中：从珠穆朗玛峰上清除成吨的垃圾。)”可以推知，在珠穆朗玛峰登山将会更加环保。故选B项。【11题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Mountaineeringhasalwaysbeenfavoredbyadventureseekers,whichalsobringsaboutpeople’sconcernaboutenvironmentalproblemsandsafety.(登山运动一直受到探险爱好者的青睐，同时也带来了人们对环境问题和安全问题的关注。)”可知，本文主要和登山运动带来的环境安全问题有关，应该取自一篇环境文章。故选D项。DDoctorshavetransplantedapigkidney(肾)intoa62yearoldmanlivingwithendstagekidneydisease.ThepatientRichardSlayman,wasrecoveringwellandwasexpectedtobedischargedfromthehospitalwithindays.Strictlyspeaking,thisisn’tthefirsteverpigtohumankidneytransplant.Theprocedurehasbeenperformedfivetimesinthepast,allinpeoplewhoweredeclaredbraindeadandkeptonlifesupport.ThemostrecentofthosetookplaceinJuly2023byRobertMontgomeryatNYULangoneHealthandhisworkmates.However,Slayman’soperationisthefirsttimethatapigkidneyhasbeentransplantedintoalivinghuman.Thankstotheeffortsbythousandsofscientistsandphysiciansoverseveraldecadestheoperationisagreatsuccess,whichmakesitasignificantmilestoneinthefieldofthetransferofanimalorganstohumans.Slaymanhastype2diabetes,highbloodpressureandkidneydisease.HehadpreviouslyreceivedahumankidneyfromadonorinDecember2018.However,theorgansshowedsignsoffailureaboutfiveyearslater.Hestarteddialysis(透析)inMaylastyear,butexperiencedplications,requiringvisitstothehospitaleverytwoweeks.TheorganwasprovidedbyapanycalledeGenesis,whichraisespigsgeneticallyengineeredtocarrycertainhumangenesandtolackaparticularsetofpiggenesthatareharmfultohumans.Thesegeneticchangesreducethepossibilityoftransplantrejection,whentheimmunesystemattackstheorganandcausesittofail.Slaymanisalsoreceivingacocktailofimmunesuppressingdrugstofurtherlowertherisk.Sofar,thereisnosignofrejectionandSlaymanisabletowalkonhisown.Morethan100,000peopleintheUSarewaitingforanorgantransplant,17ofwhomdieeachday.TheUSFoodandDrugAdministrationauthorizedtheexperimentaltransplantforSlaymanduetoalackofothertreatmentchoices.“Ourhopeisthatthistransplantapproachwillofferalifelinetomillionsofpatientsworldwidewhoaresufferingfromkidneyfailure.”saidTatsuoKawaiatMassachusettsGeneralHospitalinastatement.12.Whyisthepigkidneytransplantconsideredamilestone?A.Noanimaltohumanorgantransplanthasbeendonebefore.B.Itistheresultofmanyscientistsandphysicians’jointefforts.C.Itisthefirstsuccessfulpigkidneytransplantintoahuman.D.Ithasbeenperformedinpeoplewhoaredeclaredbraindead.13.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Slaymanhasreceivedkidneytransplantonlyonce. B.Pigsusedfortransplantcarrynohumangenes.C.Manypeopleinneedoforgantransplant. D.Slaymanneedn’ttakeanydrugsafterthetransplant.14.WhatisTatsuoKawai’sattitudetowardspigkidneytransplant?A.Optimistic. B.Doubtful. C.Critical D.Uninterested15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhyisKidneyTransplantImportant B.HumanReceivesPigKidneyC.TheFutureofKidneyTransplant D.AMilestoneinHumanHistory【答案】12.C13.C14.A15.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了美国第一例猪肾移植取得成功，被认为是一个里程碑。文章介绍此次移植的一些背景知识。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Strictlyspeaking,thisisn’tthefirsteverpigtohumankidneytransplant.Theprocedurehasbeenperformedfivetimesinthepast,allinpeoplewhoweredeclaredbraindeadandkeptonlifesupport.(严格来说，这并不是首例猪到人的肾脏移植手术。这种手术在过去已经进行了五次，所有的病人都被宣布脑死亡，并继续维持生命)”以及“Thankstotheeffortsbythousandsofscientistsandphysiciansoverseveraldecadestheoperationisagreatsuccess,whichmakesitasignificantmilestoneinthefieldofthetransferofanimalorganstohumans.(经过数千名科学家和医生几十年的努力，这次手术取得了巨大成功，成为动物器官移植领域的一个重要里程碑)”可知，猪肾移植被认为是一个里程碑因为这是第一次成功的猪肾移植到人身上。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Morethan100,000peopleintheUSarewaitingforanorgantransplant,17ofwhomdieeachday.(美国有超过10万人在等待器官移植，其中每天有17人死亡)”可知，许多人需要器官移植。故选C。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段““Ourhopeisthatthistransplantapproachwillofferalifelinetomillionsofpatientsworldwidewhoaresufferingfromkidneyfailure.”saidTatsuoKawaiatMassachusettsGeneralHospitalinastatement.(“我们希望这种移植方法将为全世界数百万患有肾衰竭的患者提供一条生命线。”马萨诸塞州总医院的TatsuoKawai在一份声明中说)”可知，TatsuoKawai对猪肾移植的态度是乐观。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Doctorshavetransplantedapigkidney(肾)intoa62yearoldmanlivingwithendstagekidneydisease.ThepatientRichardSlayman,wasrecoveringwellandwasexpectedtobedischargedfromthehospitalwithindays.(医生将猪肾脏移植到一名62岁的终末期肾病患者体内。病人理查德·斯雷曼恢复良好，预计几天内就能出院)”结合文章主要说明了美国第一例猪肾移植取得成功，被认为是一个里程碑。文章介绍此次移植的一些背景知识。可知，B选项“人接受猪肾”最符合文章标题。故选B。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分1.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多选项。Readingisapracticethathasbeenencouragedeversincewewerekids.Peoplegenerallybelieveitimprovesourvocabulary,grammarandgeneralgrasponlanguage.____16____Readinghelpsusstayfocused.Readingabookneedsustopayatentontoeverydetailandmovementinthestoryline.Whateverwerereading,wearefollowingthestreamofthoughtofsomeoneelse,thewriter.____17____Andreadingteachesusthismuchneededabilitytopayattentiontodetail.____18____Whenreadingabook,wegoonajourneywiththecharacters.Weremembereveryplaceourfavoritecharacterhasbeen,peoplethey’vemetandalltheeventsthathavetakenplaceintheirlives.Beingtrulyinvestedinthejourneyleadsthemindtograspquickerandholdonforlonger,leadingtoasharperbrain.Readingbuildsempathyandculturalunderstanding.Peoplefromallovertheworldetogethertocontributetoliteraturewiththeirownstyle,viewsandopinions.Whenwereadabookfromanauthorfromtheothereroftheworld,we’renotjustreadingastory.____19____There’ssomethingtolearninalmosteverybookyou’lleverpickup.Readinginspirescreativity.____20____It’sourcreativitythathelpsusimagineeverydetail.Everythingwereadgivesusadifferentperspective.Readngtakesusplaceswe’veneverseen.Andtheimaginarythinkingabilitycanhelpusevenprofessionalinwayswenightneverseen.Andtheimaginarythinkingabilitycanhelpusevenprofessionallyinwayswemightneverthoughtof.Tokeepreadingistokeepgrowing.Sohowaboutwepickanotherone!A.Readingsharpensthemind.B.Readingenablesustostayingoodmood.C.Andthatrequiresustostayfocusedthroughitall.D.Thefollowingaresomewaysthathelpsusreadbetter.E.However,itsouteandthechangeitbringsisfardeeper.F.Whenreadingabook,weimagineeveryscenedescribedinthebook.G.Wearesteppingintoaworldofdifferentcultures,traditionsandvalues.【答案】16.E17.C18.A19.G20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了阅读带来的一些深刻影响。【16题详解】根据上文“Readingisapracticethathasbeenencouragedeversincewewerekids.Peoplegenerallybelieveitimprovesourvocabulary,grammarandgeneralgrasponlanguage.(阅读是我们从小就被鼓励的一种习惯。人们普遍认为它能提高我们的词汇量、语法和对语言的总体把握)”可知，上文提到了对于阅读的普遍看法，后文主要列举了更深层次的影响，推测本句与上文构成转折，故E选项“然而，它的结果和它带来的变化要深刻得多”符合语境，引起下文，故选E。17题详解】根据上文“Readinghelpsusstayfocused.Readingabookneedsustopayatentontoeverydetailandmovementinthestoryline.Whateverwerereading,wearefollowingthestreamofthoughtofsomeoneelse,thewriter.(阅读帮助我们保持专注。阅读一本书需要我们关注故事情节中的每一个细节和动作。无论我们读的是什么，我们都是在追随另一个人——作家的思想之流)”可知，本句承接上文，说明追随作家思想的要求。故C选项“这就要求我们始终保持专注”符合语境，与本文主题句一致，故选C。【18题详解】根据后文“Whenreadingabook,wegoonajourneywiththecharacters.Weremembereveryplaceourfavoritecharacterhasbeen,peoplethey’vemetandalltheeventsthathavetakenplaceintheirlives.Beingtrulyinvestedinthejourneyleadsthemindtograspquickerandholdonforlonger,leadingtoasharperbrain.(读书时，我们和书中的人物一起踏上了一段旅程。我们记得我们最喜欢的角色去过的每一个地方，他们遇到的人，以及他们生活中发生的所有事件。真正投入到这段旅程中，会让大脑掌握得更快，坚持得更久，让大脑更敏锐)”可知，本段主要说明了阅读让头脑变得敏锐，A选项sharpens对应后文asharperbrain。故A选项“读书使头脑敏锐”符合语境，故选A。【19题详解】根据上文“Readingbuildsempathyandculturalunderstanding.Peoplefromallovertheworldetogethertocontributetoliteraturewiththeirownstyle,viewsandopinions.Whenwereadabookfromanauthorfromtheothereroftheworld,we’renotjustreadingastory.(阅读可以培养同理心和文化理解。来自世界各地的人们聚集在一起，以自己的风格、观点和观点为文学做出贡献。当我们读一本来自世界另一端作者的书时，我们不仅仅是在读一个故事)”可知，本句承接上文，说明阅读更深层次的文化理解，故G选项“我们正步入一个有着不同文化、传统和价值观的世界”符合语境，故选G。【20题详解】根据后文“It’sourcreativitythathelpsusimagineeverydetail.(正是我们的创造力帮助我们想象每一个细节)”可知，阅读会让我们开始想象，这是由于创造力，故F选项“阅读一本书时，我们想象书中描述的每一个场景”符合语境，故选F。第三部分语言运用（共两节满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）MichaelEvanswasstandinginlineatlineattheWayneCountyTreasurer’sOfficeinDetroitlastAugust,waitingtopayhistaxes.Suddenlyhehearda____21____soundaheadofhim.Anelderlywomanatthewindowwascrying—andsowasthecashierhelpingher.ThenEvanslearnedwhy:Heheardthecashier____22____thewomanthatherhousehadtobesoldifshefailedtopaythetaxes.Healsoheardthewomantellthecashierthather____23____hadrecentlydied.Evanscouldn’tstandthe____24____ofthiswomanlosingherhomerightafterlosingherchild.He____25____thewindow.Idon’tmeantointerrupt,”hesaidtothecashier,‘‘butifyoucangetherhouseback,I’llpayforher____26____.”Thetwowomenwere____27____.Theirdespairturnedtodisbelief.Thecashierleftforamomentto____28____theamountandthatitwasallrightforEvanstopayit.Evans____29____togostraighttothebankanderightbackwiththemoney.Andhedid.Butwhenhereturnedtothetreasurer’soffice,heaskedsomeoneelsewaitinginlineto____30____the$5,000checktothecashier.Evanswastryingto____31____quietly.“Ididn’twantthisattention,heexplains.Evansoftenfindshimselfonthegivingendof____32____situations,thoughforyearshewentunrecognizedforit.“Wehelppeople,”Evanssays.“Wesendacheacheck;wewalkintofuneral(葬礼)homesandjustpayforthewholefuneral.Wetrytohelpourmunity.WhydodoesEvansgivesomuchto____33____?It’saquestionhenever____34____answers.“Tobehonest,Idon’tlikeputtingmoneyinthe____35____,”hesays.“Doingthingswithyourmoneyisbetter.21.A.disturbing B.delighted C.sweet D.horrible22.A.warn B.inform C.teach D.cheat23.A.husband B.mother C.neighbor D.daughter24.A.lie B.joke C.idea D.humor25.A.opened B.approached C.closed D.beat26.A.snacks B.clothes C.food D.taxes27.A.disappointed B.scared C.shocked D.anxious28.A.collect B.confirm C.throw D.buy29.A.hesitated B.advised C.promised D.refused30.A.return B.lend C.sell D.hand31.A.slipaway B.giveup C.eback D.getup32.A.dangerous B.charitable C.tricky D.impossible33.A.relatives B.friends C.strangers D.families34.A.proudly B.cautiously C.confidently D.fully35.A.banks B.offices C.cars D.houses【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.C25.B26.D27.C28.B29.C30.D31.A32.B33.C34.D35.A【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了迈克尔·埃文斯在交税的时候了解到一位老妇人在失去了孩子之后，马上又要因为没交税而失去自己的房子，于是埃文斯为老妇人缴纳了税款。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：突然，他听到前面有一种令人不安的声音。A.disturbing令人不安的；B.delighted高兴的；C.sweet甜蜜的；D.horrible可怕的。根据后文“Anelderlywomanatthewindowwascrying(窗口的一位老妇人在哭泣)”指听到令人不安的声音。故选A。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后埃文斯知道了原因：他听到出纳员告诉那位妇女，如果她不缴纳税款，她的房子就会被卖掉。A.warn警告；B.inform通知；C.teach教学；D.cheat欺骗。根据后文“thewomanthatherhousehadtobesoldifshefailedtopaythetaxes”指出纳员告知妇人，如果她不缴纳税款，她的房子就会被卖掉。故选B。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还听到那位妇女告诉出纳员她的女儿最近去世了。A.husband丈夫；B.mother母亲；C.neighbor邻居；D.daughter