专题05不定式动名词分词高频考点（原题版）-2024年中考英语真题题源解密

专题05不定式、动名词、分词非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语。非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词一直是英语学习的难点，也是中考的常考点，主要为动词不定式和动名词，在单项填空、词形填空题型中均有涉及。本专题目的在于归纳一些高频考题及梳理一些解题技巧，以帮助同学们高效复习。考点考向考法/命题角度不定式非谓语动词基本用法，及非谓语一般形式；主要考点为动词不定式和动名词，分词少有涉及。需使用不定式做宾语的动词；省去to的不定式作宾补的动词；不定式做表语。动名词一些常接动名词做宾语的动词及句型分词现在分词与过去分词做表语区别动词不定式1.作表语；2.信号词：wish,hope,dream,work,task,duty,ambition,etc.etc.1.Mywishistobeeateacher.2.ThefirstthingIwanttodoistovisitmygrandfather.作定语(后置)I

have

nothing

___________

(send)

you.Wemustnevermissthechance_______(show)loveforourparents.1.Ihavenothingtosayaboutthatthing.2.Sorry,Ican’tgowithyou;Ihavealotofclothestowash.3.Chinaisthethirdcountrytosenditsastronautsintothespace.作宾语及宾补want/promise/manage/plan/expectdecide/choose/refuse/pretendtodosth.make/let/havesb.dosth.(注：被动带to)ask/tell/order/enable/allow/encouragesb.todosth.warnsb.nottodosth.wouldliketodo5.hadbetter(not)do1.Alicewantedtogetanothercupofcoffee.2.Hetoldmetobehereontime.3.Ourparentsoftentellusnottoswimaloneintheriverinsummer.4.Pauldoesn'thavetobemadetolearn_.Healwaysworkshard.5.

You’d

better

_________(try)

this

medicine.

作状语

不定式常在句子里作目的、原因和结果状语如：inorderto;soastoHeransofastastocatchthefirstbus.（目的状语）He

searched

the

room

only

to

find

nothing.（结果状语）I'mgladtoseeyou.（原因状语）动词不定式与疑问词连用(1)Hedoesn’tknowhowtousethemachine.

(不定式作宾语)(2)Howtousethemachineisaquestion.(不定式作主语)(3)Thequestioniswhentogothere.(不定式作表语)(4).Themenuhassomanygoodthings!Ican’tdecidewhichtoeat.不定式的特殊句型：1.句型：too…to…：太…而不能…2.句型：be+adj+enough+todosth.足以做…3.句型：It's+adj.+forsbtodosth4.句型：Whynot+动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?"5.句型：soas(not)todo:表示目的6.不定式的否定形式，如:warnsbnottodo/neverto/inordernotto/soasnotto等7..比较：usedtodo/beusedtodoing8..比较：Ittakes…todo/sbspends…doingHeistooexcitedtospeak.Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschooll.Whynottakeaholiday?Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.1.The

box

is

too

heavy

for

me____it.

A.carrying

B.carries

C.carry

D.to

carry2.We

are

often

told_____at

people

in

trouble.

A.not

to

smile

B.to

smile

C.not

to

laugh

D.to

laugh3.YesterdaymorningIgotupearly________belatefortheexam.inordertoB.inordertonotC.soasnottoD.soasto动名词动名词做宾语1.信号词：enjoy,keep,mind,finish,practice/practise;deny;imagine;risk;consider;admit;forgive,avoid;escape;2.词组：giveup/begoodat/dowellin/can'thelp/keepon/feellike/beusedto/referto/payattentionto/devoteoneselfto/getusedto/lookforwardto/succeedin/beworth3.howabout/whatabout+doing4.preferdoing….todoing/prefertodo....ratherthando5.介词后面+doing6.固定搭配：goshopping/godancing/goswimming1.MaryandIenjoyplayingbadminton.2.It'sabitcold.Wouldyoumindmyclosingallthewindows?3.The

new

term

is

ing.

They

are

busy

cleaning

the

classrooms4.—Mum,

I’m

hungry.

—What

about

_____(go)

to

McDonald’seatingfried

chicken?5.Knives

are

used

for

_________(cut)

things.

动名词做主语及表语Walkingisgoodexercise.走路是很好的运动Myfavoritesportisswimming.我最喜欢的运动是游泳现在分词感官动词+sb.+doingsee,hear,find,smell,watch,find,listento,lookat,notice,observeIheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.Isawhimdancinginthehallyesterday.TherewefoundhimwatchingTV.►考向一动词不定式高频易混易错梳理/归纳动词不定式的特殊句型:①too…to…“太……而不能……”。如：Theboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.那个男孩太小而不能照顾自己。②…enoughto…“……足够……”。如：Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他足够大能去上学了。③Whydon’tyou+省略to的不定式？=Whynot+省略to的不定式？为什么不……呢？如：Whydon'tyougetheraphotoalbum?=Whynotgetheraphotoalbum?为什么不给她买个相册呢？④hadbetter+（not）+省略to的不定式。最好（不要）做……如：You'dbetternotstayheretoday.你今天最好别待在这儿。⑤Willyouplease+省略to的不定式?你愿意……吗？如：Willyoupleaseclosethedoor?能请你把门关上吗？⑥prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”如：Iprefertodomoreworkratherthandonothingathome.我宁愿做更多的工作也不愿在家无所事事。⑦Itis+adj.+for/ofsb.+todo.“做某事是……的”如：Itisnecessaryforustobrushourteethtwiceaday.一天刷两次牙对我们是有必要的。It+be+形容词+不定式It’shardtosaywhichoneisbetter.很难说哪一个更好。It+be+名词+不定式Itwasgreatfuntohaveapicnicthere.在那里野餐很有意思。It+动词+名词/副词+不定式Ittookme2hourstofinishmyhomework.完成作业花了我两个小时的时间。1．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）TheInternetenablesfarmers_______fruitsandvegetablesacrossthecountry.A．sell B．selling C．tosell D．sold2．（2021·上海·统考中考真题）Themanageraskedhissecretary________thereportbeforeFriday.A．finish B．finishes C．finishing D．tofinish3．（2020·上海·统考中考真题）Doctorstellus________ourhandsbeforeandaftereverymeal．A．wash B．washed C．washing D．towash4．（2019·上海·中考真题）Thehosttoldajokeatthepartyandmadetheguestsalot.A．laugh B．laughing C．tolaugh D．laughed5．（2018·上海·中考真题）Mr.Zhouisgoodatcookingandhehasdecided______hisownrestaurant.A．open B．opened C．toopen D．opening6．（2017上·八年级课时练习）Ican'ttellyouwhatshesaid.I'vepromised________itasecret.A．keep B．tokeep C．keeping D．kept7．（2017·上海·中考真题）Vivianrefuses___________herchildrentotheweekendtrainingcentreforextraclasses.A．tosend B．sending C．sent D．sends8．（2014·上海·中考真题）Harryhasdecided

__________anonlineshopaftergraduatingfromschool.A．open B．toopenC．opened D．opening9．（2012·上海·中考真题）Don’tjumptoaconclusion!Let’s__theproblemfirst.A．todiscuss B．discuss C．discussed D．discussing10．（2015·上海·中考真题）Myfriendinvitedme______theartclub,andIaccepteditwithpleasure.A．join B．tojoin C．joined D．joining11．（2013·上海·中考真题）EvenTony’sgranddaughter，afiveyearoldgirl，askedhim__________smoking．A．giveup B．gaveup C．togiveup D．givingup12．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）Thejournalisthopedtothebraveactofthefireman.（reporter）13．（2021·上海·统考中考真题）Somerainforestsarelikelytoifwedon’ttakeactiontoprotectthem.(appear)►考向二动名词高频易混易错梳理/归纳常跟动名词作宾语的动词有：enjoy喜欢；

mind介意；

finish

完成；keep持续；

suggest建议；

practice练习；consider考虑；

miss错过；imagine想象；avoid避免；

can’thelp忍不住；goon继续；beworth值得；

bebusy忙于

giveup放弃；succeedin成功，设法；lookforwardto期待；beusedto习惯于；endup以……结束putoff推迟；payattentionto注意；beinterestedin对……感兴趣注意：含有介词to的固定短语：make(a)contribution(s)to为……做贡献devoteoneselfto献身，致力于……lookforwardto期待，盼望preferto比起……更喜欢……beusedto习惯……，适应……payattentionto注意某些动词后接不定式和动名词的区别1.forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事forgettodosth.忘记要做某事（未做）Iforgettobringmyhomework.我忘记带作业了。Iforgetbringingmyhomework.我忘记已把作业带来了。2.rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事remembertodosth.记得去做某事（未做）Pleaseremembertopostmyletter.请记得把我的信寄走。Irememberpostingyourletter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。3.trydoingsth.尝试做某事trytodosth.尽力做某事Pleasetrytodobetternexttime.下次请设法做得更好些。HetriedspeakinginEnglish.他试着用英语讲。4.hear/seesb.doingsth.听见/看见某人正在做某事hear/seesb.dosth.听见/看见某人做了某事Ioftenseehimplayfootball我经常看见他踢球IsawhimplayingfootballwentIpassed当我经过的时候，我看见他正在踢球5.Stoptodosth停下去做某事Stopdoingsth停止做某事Stoptothinkaboutitforamoment.停下来想一下这件事。Stoptalking,please.请不要说话。6.Meantodosth打算做某事Meandoingsth意味着Imeantogo,butmyfatherwouldnotallowmeto.我想去,但我父亲不肯让我去。Doingthatmeanswastingtime.做那件事意味着浪费时间。1．（2017上海·统考中考真题）Aftershefinished________thestory,Alicewroteareviewforherschoolnewspaper.A．read B．reads C．toread D．reading2．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）Theyoungplayerspendsfourhours_______volleyballeveryday.A．practise B．practising C．topractise D．practised3．（2021·上海·统考中考真题）Michaelandhisfriendspractise________tabletennisafterschooleveryday.A．play B．played C．playing D．toplay4．（2020·上海·统考中考真题）Theengineerswillkeep________theprojectwiththemanagerofthepany．A．discuss B．discussed C．discussing D．todiscuss5．（2019·上海·中考真题）WouldyoumindcareofmypetfishwhileI'mawayonholiday?A．take B．taken C．totake D．taking6．（2012·上海·中考真题）Stop______aboutthetraffic.Justthinkaboutwhatwecandotoimproveit.A．plaining B．toplain C．plain D．plained7．（2018·上海·中考真题）Suepractices______theviolinhardandoftengiveswonderfulperformances.A．play B．played C．toplay D．playing8．（2017·上海·中考真题）（2017﹒上海）Theworkersarebusywindowstothenewbuildingthesedays.A．fix B．fixed C．fixing D．tofix9．（2015·上海·中考真题）Martinwassobusy______theoldthathegaveuphisparttimejob.A．helping B．helped C．tohelp D．help10．（2013·上海·中考真题）Theretiredcoupleenjoy_____photos.TheyalwaysgooutwiththeircamerasA．take B．tookC．totake D．taking11．（2014·上海·中考真题）Iwouldn’tmind______aroommate.Wecanhelpeachotherandsavemoneyaswell.A．having B．tohaveC．have D．had►考向三分词高频易混易错梳理/归纳现在分词与过去分词的区别1.在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义。thesurprisingnews令人惊讶的消息asurprisedman一个感到惊讶的人amovingfilm一部感人的电影themovedpeople被感动的人们2.在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。thedevelopingcountry发展中国家thedevelopedcountry发达国家therisingsun正在升起的太阳therisensun升起来的太阳易混句式havesb.dosth.,havesb.doingsth.和havesth.done的区别1.havesb.dosth.意为“让某人做某事”,have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作,且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。Thesoldiershadtheboystandwithhisbacktohisfather.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。2.havesb.doingsth.表示“使某人作出某种反应”或“劝说/命令某人做某事”;用于否定句时表示“允许/容忍某人做某事”。Withinminuteshehadthewholeaudiencelaughingandclapping.短短几分钟内他就令全体观众欢笑、鼓掌。3.havesth.done意为“让某事被别人做”,即asksb.elsetodosth.,过去分词(done)所表示的动作由他人(非主语本身)来完成。Thedriverhadhiscarwashedonceaweek.这个司机一周让人洗一次车。1．（2011·上海·中考真题）Asweallknow,it’snotpolitetokeepothers_________foralongtime.A．wait B．waited C．towait D．waiting2．（2023·上海长宁·统考二模）I’msorryIhavekeptyou________forsuchalongtime.Thetrafficwasterrible.A．waiting B．wait C．waited D．towait3．（2023·上海奉贤·统考一模）WhenIwaswalkingonthestreet,Isawadrone(无人机)________overmyhead.A．flies B．flying C．flew D．fly4．（2022·上海徐汇·统考二模）WhenIwalkedpastthemusicroom,Iheardsomeone________thepianoinit.A．toplay B．played C．playing D．play5．（2022·上海浦东新·统考一模）IsawTom________footballwithhisclassmatesatthreethisafternoon.A．plays B．played C．playing D．toplay6．（2019上·上海虹口·九年级上外附中校考周测）—Wedidn’tfindTom________thelecture.—Noonehadtoldhimabout________alecturethefollowingday.A．toattend;theretobe B．attending;therebeingC．attended;therebe D．attend;therewas7．（2019上·上海虹口·九年级上外附中校考周测）Whentheclerksawakindoffacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile,shestood________totheground,________whethertostayorleave.A．rooted;wondering B．toberooted;wonderC．rooting;towonder D．toroot;wondered8．（2019上·上海虹口·九年级上外附中校考周测）Thetrafficrulesaysthatyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand________lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.A．beingweighed B．toweigh C．weighed D．weighing9．（2020上·上海浦东新·九年级校考阶段练习）Onmywayhome,Ialwaysnoticesomechildren________aroundinthegarden.A．ran B．torun C．running D．runs10．（2019上·上海·九年级上海市民办新竹园中学校考阶段练习）Atthattimesomeboys________basketballontheplayground.A．wereseenplaying B．wereseentoplay C．sawtoplay D．sawandplayed11．（2019·上海虹口·九年级校考期中）Thebookhe_______onthetableisstill_______there.A．lay,lying B．laid,laying C．lied,lying D．laid,lying12．（2022上·上海宝山·九年级统考开学考试）Therearealtogethersome200peopleinourvillage,theoldpeopleandchildren_________.A．including B．included C．areincluded D．areincluding命题点一：非谓语动词基本用法1．（2023上·上海静安·九年级校考期中）Parentsoftenexpecttheirchildren________allthethingsthattheycouldn’tdointhepast.A．todo B．doing C．did D．do2．（2023上·上海徐汇·九年级位育中学校考期中）Keepingpets________usknowalotabouthowtocareforothers.A．helps B．help C．helping D．helped3．（2023上·上海徐汇·九年级位育中学校考期中）I’mseeingapatient.Wouldyoumind________outsideforamoment?A．wait B．waiting C．towait D．haswaited4．（2023上·上海杨浦·九年级统考期中）Ourskiingcoachwarnedus________straightdownthehill.A．notgo B．notgoing C．nottogo D．don’tgo5．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级校联考期中）YesterdayIgotupearly________belateforthelecturemadebyawellknownprofessor.A．inorderto B．soasnotto C．inordertonot D．sothat6．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级校联考期中）Peterconsiders________apetdogsothathewon’tfeellonelyathome.A．keep B．keeping C．keeps D．tokeep7．（2023上·上海黄浦·九年级统考期中）Jennydenied________anythingaboutthemissingpurseyesterdayafternoon.A．know B．toknow C．knowing D．knew8．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级上海市实验学校校考期中）Susanfinallybecameapopularsingeraftershepracticed________foryears.A．sing B．tosing C．singing D．sang9．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级上海市实验学校校考期中）IwillspendasmuchtimeasIcan_________thelesson.A．goover B．togoover C．goingover D．goneover10．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级统考期中）Manypeople________inShanghaiafterspendingseveralyearshere.A．usedtolive B．usedtolivingC．areusedtolive D．areusedtoliving11．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级统考期中）Tomtoldajokeinclassandmadeallofus_______alot.A．laugh B．tolaugh C．laughing D．laughed12．（2017下·八年级课时练习）Aftershefinished________thestory,Alicewroteareviewforherschoolnewspaper.A．read B．reads C．toread D．reading13．（2021下·上海浦东新·八年级上海市进才中学北校校考期末）Onlinecoursesenablestudents________attheirpace.A．learn B．learning C．tolearn D．tolearning14．（2022上·广东湛江·九年级统考阶段练习）________mypronunciation,Ireadaloudeverymorning.A．Practice B．Practicing C．Topractice D．Practiced15．（2022下·九年级单元测试）Moreandmoreparentsexpecttheirchildren________onputersless.A．depend B．todepend C．depending D．depends16．（2019·上海徐汇·统考三模）Themonitorsuggested________anoutingafterthemiddletermexamattheweekend.A．toorganize B．organized C．organizing D．organize17．（2023上·上海嘉定·九年级校考期末）Inmyopinion,oneofthebestwaystoloseweightis________regularly.A．exercise B．toexercise C．exercised D．exercises18．（2023上·上海嘉定·九年级校考期末）Aliceispracticing________inthemusicroombecauseshewillgiveaperformanceattheSchoolArtFestival.A．singing B．sang C．tosing D．sings19．（2023上·上海嘉定·九年级校考期末）IfIcan’tfinish________thereport,Iwon’tgotothecinemawithyoutomorrow.A．type B．typed C．totype D．typing20．（2023上·上海徐汇·九年级校联考期末）Pansydenied______anarticleaboutdetectivesontheputerlastweek.A．write B．towrite C．writing D．towriting命题点二：考查非谓语动词与词性转换21．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级校考期中）ThemagicianSimoncanmakethecoininhishandinaminute.(appear)22．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级校联考期中）“Ourjobistocustomerswell,pleasekeepitinmind”Themanagersaid.(service)23．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级统考期中）Thegovernmentisplanningtomorejobsfortheyoung.(creative)24．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级上海市实验学校校考期中）Don’talwaystrytoothers.It’sbadmanners.（foolish）25．（2021上·上海黄浦·九年级统考期中）Ifyourneighborsaretoonoisythenyouhavethereasonfor.(plaint)26．（2023上·上海徐汇·九年级校联考期末）OurChineseteacheroftensaysit’sgoodforustomoreChinesepoems.(memory)27．（2023·上海嘉定·统考二模）Lookattheinformationboard,andfindtherightwa