2023上海名校高中自主招生英语模拟试题04-上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典

模拟演练4：2023上海名校高中自主招生英语模拟演练4：2023上海名校高中自主招生英语一、语法从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1.Leavesarefoundonallkindsoftrees,buttheydiffergreatly________sizeandshape.A.on B.form C.by D.in答案：D解析：bysizeandshape意为“按大小和形状”。表示“每棵树上都有树叶，但它们的大小和形状都不同”。2.Themayorhasofferedarewardof$5000to______whocancapturethetigeraliveordead.A.both B.others C.anyone D.another答案：C解析：anyone用于肯定句意为“任何一个人”，表示“把奖金给任何一个能抓住活老虎或打死老虎的人”。故选C项。another指不确定数目中的“另一个”；both意为“两者都”；theothers是“其余的人(物)”。3.Alanisacarefuldriver,buthedrives______ofmyfriends.A.morecarefully B.themostcarefully C.lesscarefully D.theleastcarefully答案：D解析：副词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，意为“最……”。常与介词of或in短语连用，表示“……中最……”。根据所提供的情景ofmyfiends可判断出要用最高级，表示“但他在我们的朋友中开车最不仔细”。副词的比较级表示两者间的比较。所以是错误的。themostcarefully意为“最仔细”与连词but矛盾。所以是错误的。4.Mymorning______includesjoggingintheparkandreadingnewspapersoverbreakfast.A.drill B.action C.regulation D.routine答案：D解析：routine意为“常规,日常事务”，表示“我早上要做的事包括在公园慢走和吃早餐时读报”。drill意为“操练,(反复)练习”；action意为“行动,举动,行为”；regulation意为“规则,规章,调节,校准”。5.Johnwasdismissedlastweekbecauseofhis______attitudetowardshisjob.A.informal B.casual C.determined D.earnest答案：B解析：casual意为“漫不经心的”。根据所提供的情景“Johnwasdismissed”可判断出由于他的漫不经心的工作态度而被开除。informal意为“不正式的,不拘礼节的”；determined意为“坚决的,决定了的”；earnest意为“认真的,热心的,重要的”。6.Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstances______inthepastyears.A.discovered B.havediscovered C.hadbeendiscovered D.havebeendiscovered答案：D解析：现在完成时表示已经完成动作或从过去某个时候开始一直延续到现在的动作。根据时间状语inthepastyears可确定用现在完成时。又因为substances是discover的动作的被执行者，所以要用被动语态。表示“近几年来，越来越多的物质被发现”。过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即“过去的过去”；不与inthepastyears连用。选项A和B都不是被动语态，所以是错误的。7.Howwastheteleviseddebatelastnight?Super!Rarely______somuchmediaattention.A.adebateattracted B.didadebateattractC.adebatedidattract D.attractedadebate答案：B解析：rarely意为“极少有地”，是否定词。以否定词开头的句子要进行倒装，即把助动词放在主语前。8.Thelittleboycameridingfullspeeddownthemotorwayonhisbicycle.______itwas!A.Whatadangerousscene B.WhatdangerousasceneC.Howadangerousscene D.Howdangerousthescene答案：A解析：感叹句通常有what,how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。what后接名词，how后接形容词或副词构成感叹句。scene是名词，所以Whatadangeroussceneitwas!是正确的形式。9.Popmusicissuchanimportantpartofsociety______ithaseveninfluencedourlanguage.A.as B.that C.which D.where答案：B解析：“sucha(an)+形容词＋单数可数名词”意为“那么样……，以至于……”，表示“流行歌曲是社会中那么重要的部分，以至于它已经影响了我们的语言”。such...as和such...that句型不同，前者as引导的从句是定语从句，而后者that引导的从句是状语从句。10.Afteraknockatthedoor,thechildheardhismother’svoice______him.A.calling B.called C.beingcalled D.tocall答案：A解析：hearsth.doingsth.意为“听见某物做某事”。动词+ing形式作宾语补足语表示宾语和宾语补足语是主动关系。thechildheardhismother’svoicecallinghim表示“孩子听见他妈妈喊他”。hearsth.done表示“听见某事被做了”。动词+ed形式作宾语补足语表示其宾语和宾语补足语是被动关系。11.ThereisnothingmoreIcantry______youtostay,soIwishyougoodluck.A.beingpersuaded B.persuading C.tobepersuaded D.topersuade答案：D解析：不定式作目的状语，表示做某事的目的。Icantry是定语从句，作nothingmore的定语，表示“再没有什么可试”。故选D项。tobepersuaded是不定式的被动式，表示被动。beingpersuaded是动词+ing形式的被动式。动词+ing形式作状语表示主动和伴随情况。选项A、B、C均与句意不符。12.TheTownHall______inthe1800’swasthemostdistinguishedbuildingatthattime.A.tobepleted B.havingbeenpletedC.pleted D.beingpleted答案：C解析：动词+ed形式作定语表示被动和已经完成的动作。根据时间状语inthe1800’s可判断出要用动词+ed形式作定语，表示“19世纪完成的市政厅”。故选C项。不定式的被动式作定语表示将被做的事。动词+ing形式作定语表示正在被做的事。13.Hismoviewonseveralawardsatthefilmfestival,______wasbeyondhiswildestdream.A.which B.that C.where D.it答案：A解析：which引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which引导而不能用that引导。where引导定语从句时，指代表示地点的名词，在从句中状语。it不能用于引导定语从句，所以是错误的。14.Smallsailboatscaneasilyturnoverinthewater______theyarenotmanagedcarefully.A.though B.before C.until D.if答案：D解析：if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”。根据两句话的意思可判断出它们是因果关系，表示“小航海船不仔细管理的话，很容易引起火灾”。though引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”；before意为“在……之前”；until意为“直到……为止”。15.______hereferredtoinhisarticlewasunknowntothegeneralreader.A.That B.What C.Whether D.Where答案：B解析：what引导主语从句，并在从句中作referredto的宾语。that引导主语从句时，在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何成分。whether意为“是否”。where意为“在……地方”。二、词汇填空Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.habitableB.sensibleC.potentialD.peteE.acmodateF.conceptG.drawH.advocatedI.survivalJ.expanseK.receivedMarsthenextfrontierItsoundslikesomethingfromthefieldsofsciencefictionaspaceexpeditionintothevast___1___ofspace,headingtowardstheRedPlanet.Whilewe'renotquitereadytoputapersononland,thequestionweasktodayis:whyaresomanycountriesinterestedingoingtoMars?ThespaceracesawtheUSAandUSSR___2___toachievefirstsinspaceflight.TheSovietUnionreleasedSputnik1,anartificialsatellite,beforeanyoneelse,andtheUSlandedontheMoonfirst.NowitappearsthatMarsisthecelestialbodyofdesire.Whilethehonourofbeingthefirstnationtotouchdownisanobvious___3___,thereareotherreasonswewanttogetthere.Oneofthesecouldbethe___4___ofourspecies.Youonlyhavetolookatthefossilisedremainsofthedinosaurstoseethebenefitoffindinganother___5___planet.WhileMarsdoesn'thavetherightconditionstocallithomejustyet,there'salwaystheideaofterraformingchangingtheenvironmentofaplanetto___6___ourneedstolive.However,noteveryoneagrees.LeadingastrophysicistNeildeGrasseTysonhassaidthe___7___ofalteringhabitabilityofanotherplanetbecauseofthedamagewehavedonetoEarthisnot___8___whenwecansimplyterraformEarth.Itseemshemainreasonatthemomentisthesearchforsignsoflife.Ithaslongbeenbelievedthat,atonetime,Marswasabundantwithlife.Nowseeminglydead,the___9___fossilscouldanswerquestionsaboutourownevolutionandthatofourplanet.Onetheoryisthatbacteriallifeonourplanetdidn'tstarthere,butwastransferredviaasteroid(小行星)fromMars.Onebenefit___10___byscientistslikeNeildeGrasseTysonisthatlandingonMarsmayinspiremorepeopletobeeinterestedinscienceandastronomy.Surelyinspiringanewgenerationtovisitthestarsisreasonenough.【答案】1.J2.D3.G4.I5.A6.E7.F8.B9.C10.H【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章提出了移居火星，使火星变成宜居星球的概念，并介绍了人们对此概念的看法。【1题详解】考查名词。句意：这听起来像是科幻小说中的情节——对广阔的太空进行太空探险，向红色星球进发。根据“headingtowardstheRedPlanet”可知，此处是指对广阔的太空进行太空探险。名词expanse意为“宽阔，广阔的区域”。故选J。【2题详解】考查动词。句意：在太空竞赛中，美国和苏联竞相实现太空飞行的第一。根据“toachievefirstsinspaceflight”可知，此处是指比赛。seesbdosth意为“看到某人做某事的全过程”，动词pete意为“比赛”。故选D。【3题详解】考查名词。句意：作为第一个触地得分的国家的荣誉显然是一种平局，但我们想要达到这个目标还有其他原因。根据前文“TheSovietUnionreleasedSputnik1,anartificialsatellite,beforeanyoneelse,andtheUSlandedontheMoonfirst.”（苏联首先发射了人造卫星Sputnik1号，美国率先登陆月球。）可知，太空竞赛的结果是平局。名词draw意为“平局”。故选G。【4题详解】考查名词。句意：其中之一可能是人类的生存。根据“Youonlyhavetolookatthefossilisedremainsofthedinosaurs”（你只要看看恐龙的化石残骸就知道了）可知，此处是指为了人类的生存。名词survival意为“生存”。故选I。【5题详解】考查形容词。句意：你只需要看看恐龙的化石残骸，就能看到寻找另一个宜居星球的好处。根据后文“WhileMarsdoesn'thavetherightconditionstocallithomejustyet”（尽管火星目前还没有合适的条件作为家园）可知，此处是指寻找另一个宜居星球的好处。形容词habitable意为“适于居住的”。故选A。【6题详解】考查动词。句意：虽然火星目前还没有适合居住的条件，但地球化的想法一直存在——改变行星的环境以适应我们的生活需求。根据“changingtheenvironmentofaplanet”和“ourneedstolive”可知，此处是指改变行星的环境以适应我们的生活需求。动词acmodate意为“适应”。故选E。【7题详解】考查名词。句意：著名天体物理学家尼尔·德格拉斯·泰森曾表示，如果我们可以简单地将地球改造得宜居，那么因为我们对地球的破坏而改变另一个星球的可居住性的想法是不合理的。“alteringhabitabilityofanotherplanet”是一个概念。名词concept意为“概念”。故选F。【8题详解】考查形容词。句意：著名天体物理学家尼尔·德格拉斯·泰森曾表示，如果我们可以简单地将地球改造得宜居，那么因为我们对地球的破坏而改变另一个星球的可居住性的想法是不合理的。根据“However,noteveryoneagrees.”（然而，并不是每个人都同意。）可知，尼尔·德格拉斯·泰森认为地球化的概念是不合理的。形容词sensible意为“合理的”。故选B。【9题详解】考查形容词。句意：这些看似已经死亡的潜在的化石可以回答关于我们自身和地球进化的问题。化石有很多还没挖掘出来，所以是“潜在的”。故选C。【10题详解】考查动词。句意：像尼尔·德格拉斯·泰森这样的科学家倡导的一个好处是，登陆火星可能会激发更多的人对科学和天文学产生兴趣。这个好处是科学家们倡导的。动词advocate意为“倡导”。故选H。三、完形填空It’sstrange,butIdon’treallyrememberaboutthehurricaneitself.Itallhappenedso____1____Iwassittinginmyroomwhentheroof（屋顶）justflewoff.Allofasudden,therewasskywheretheroofhadbeenandIwasvery____2____.Withoutaroof,stayinginsidewasreally____3____.ItwasAugust,soitwasreallyhotanditsmelledso____4____everywhere!Livingintheopenair,webecamebreakfast,lunchanddinnerforthemosquitoes（蚊子）.Wehadlostourhomeandeverythinginit.ButasMomkepton____5____us,wewerealltogetherandsafe.Mom’swordsmadeusfeel____6____.Irememberusalllyingunderthemidnightskyandlookingupatthestars.Eventhoughwehadlostalot,momentslikethosegaveus____7____forthefuture.Althoughitwasonlyafewdaysbeforewewere____8____,itfeltlikemonths.Weweretakentoanothertowninafarawaycounty.Now,oneyearhaspassedandI’mbackhomeinNewOrleans.Weareworkingtogetherto____9____ourhomesandourlives.NowwehaveanotherchancetolookupatthestarsofNewOrleans,theirbeautyinspiringusandgivingus_____10_____tomoveon.1．A．informally B．currently C．regularly D．quickly2．A．pleased B．frightened C．curious D．impressive3．A．hard B．confusing C．unique D．inspiring4．A．sweet B．wet C．bad D．hot5．A．watching B．improving C．ignoring D．reminding6．A．worse B．better C．terrible D．positive7．A．money B．hope C．time D．option8．A．recognized B．saved C．contacted D．remembered9．A．observe B．explore C．struggle D．rebuild10．A．confidence B．fort C．challenge D．direction【答案】1．D

2．B

3．A

4．C

5．D

6．B

7．B

8．B

9．D

10．A【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者一家遭受了飓风灾难，他们一家人在困难的情况下度过了艰难的几天，但是一直保持着对生活的信心和热情的故事。1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：这一切发生得太快了。A.informally非正式地；B.currently目前；C.regularly有规律的；D.quickly迅速地。根据下文“Allofasudden,therewasskywheretheroofhadbeen”可知这一切发生得很迅速，故选D。2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：突然间，原来是屋顶的地方变成了天空，我非常害怕。A.pleased高兴的；B.frightened害怕的；C.curious好奇的；D.impressive令人印象深刻的。根据常识可知，飓风卷走了屋顶，我应该是害怕的。故选B。3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没有屋顶，待在里面真的很难。A.hard艰难的；B.confusing令人困惑的；C.unique独特的；D.inspiring鼓舞人心的。根据下文“ItwasAugust,soitwasreallyhotanditsmelledsoeverywhere!”可知，没有屋顶，气温很高的8月份待在里面真的很艰难。故选A。4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当时是八月，所以非常热，到处都是难闻的气味!A.sweet甜的；B.wet湿的；C.bad糟糕的；D.hot热的。根据常识可知，飓风过后，天气炎热，气味应该是不好闻的。故选C。5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但正如妈妈不断提醒我们的，我们都在一起，很安全。A.watching观看；B.improving提高；C.ignoring忽视；D.reminding提醒。根据下文“wewerealltogetherandsafe”可知妈妈在不断提醒我们，安慰我们，故选D。6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：妈妈的话让我们感觉好多了。A.worse更坏的；B.better更好的；C.terrible糟糕的；D.positive积极的。根据上文“ButasMomkepton5us,wewerealltogetherandsafe.”可知，此处指妈妈的话让我们感觉好些了。故选B。7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我们失去了很多，但这样的时刻给了我们对未来的希望。A.money钱；B.hope希望；C.time时间；D.option选择。根据上文“Eventhoughwehadlostalot”可知是转折的关系，结合“forthefuture”可推知，这样的时刻给了我们对未来的希望。故选B。8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然只有几天我们就获救了，但感觉像过了好几个月。A.recognized认出；B.saved拯救；C.contacted联系；D.remembered记住。根据下文“Weweretakentoanothertowninafarawaycounty.”可知，我们一家获救了。故选B。9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们正在一起重建我们的家园和我们的生活。A.observe观察；B.explore探索；C.struggle挣扎；D.rebuild重建。根据常识可知，飓风的灾难过去以后，人们应该是要进行灾后重建。故选D。10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在我们又有机会仰望新奥尔良的星星了，它们的美丽激励着我们，给了我们继续前进的信心。A.confidence信心；B.fort舒适；C.challenge挑战；D.direction方向。根据上文“theirbeautyinspiringus”和“tomoveon”可知，重建后的家园激励了我们并且也给了我们前进的信心，故选A。四、阅读理解ATeadrinkingwasmoninChinafornearlyonethousandyearsbeforeanyoneinEuropehadeverheardaboutit.PeopleinBritainweremuchslowerinfindingoutwhatteawaslike,mainlybecauseteawasveryexpensive.ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHollanddidsoonlybecauseitwasafashionablecuriosity.Someofthemwerenotsurehowtouseit.Theythoughtitwasavegetableandtriedcookingtheleaves.Thentheyservedthemmixedwithbutterandsalt.Theysoondiscoveredtheirmistake.Tearemainedscarce(稀少的)andveryexpensiveinEnglanduntiltheshipsoftheEastIndiapanybegantobringitdirectlyfromChinaearlyinthe17thcentury.Duringthenextfewyearssomuchteacameintothecountrythatthepricefellandmanypeoplecouldaffordtobuyit.Teahadbeendrunkwithoutmilkinitatfirst,butonedayafamousFrenchladynamedMadamedeSevignedecidedtoseewhatteatastedlikewhenmilkwasadded.Shefounditsopleasantthatshewouldneverdrinkitwithoutmilkagain.Shewassuchagreatladythatherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid.SlowlythishabitspreaduntilitreachedEnglandandtodayonlyveryfewBritonsdrinkteawithoutmilk.Atfirstteawasusuallydrunkafterdinnerintheevening.Nooneeverthoughtofdrinkingteaintheafternoonuntiladuchess(公爵夫人)foundthatacupofteaandapieceofcakeatthreeorfouro'clockstoppedhergetting“asinkingfeeling”asshecalledit.Sheinvitedherfriendstohavethisnewmealwithherandso，teatimewasborn.1．WhatcanwelearnabouttheBritonsfromthetext?A．TheygotexpensiveteafromIndia. B．Theyboughtteaoutofcuriosityatfirst.C．Theyhadteauntiltheearly17thcentury. D．TheywerethefirsttodrinkteainEurope.2．WhendidteabeeapopulardrinkinBritain?A．Inthe17thcentury. B．Intheearly18thcentury.C．Inthelate18thcentury. D．Inthe19thcentury.3．Theunderlinedwords“thishabit”inParagraph3refertodrinkingtea________.A．afterdinner B．intheafternoonC．withmilkinit D．withoutmilkinit4．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thehistoryoftea. B．Thebirthofteatime.C．Thewaysofmakingtea. D．Thehabitofdrinkingtea.【答案】1．B

2．A

3．C

4．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国茶叶的历史。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“ItcouldnotbeboughtinshopsandeventhosepeoplewhocouldaffordtohaveitsentfromHollanddidsoonlybecauseitwasafashionablecuriosity.(它在商店里买不到，甚至那些有能力从荷兰寄来的人也买不到，只是因为这是一种时尚的好奇心)”可知，英国人刚开始买茶是出于好奇。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Tearemainedscarce(稀少的)andveryexpensiveinEnglanduntiltheshipsoftheEastIndiapanybegantobringitdirectlyfromChinaearlyinthe17thcentury.Duringthenextfewyearssomuchteacameintothecountrythatthepricefellandmanypeoplecouldaffordtobuyit.(直到17世纪初东印度公司的船只开始从中国直接进口茶叶之前，英国的茶叶一直稀缺且价格昂贵。在接下来的几年里，大量的茶叶流入该国，导致茶叶价格下跌，许多人都买得起)”可知，在17世纪，因为大量的茶叶流入英国，人们开始能够买得起茶叶，这样茶叶就开始流行了起来。故选A。3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子的前三句话“Teahadbeendrunkwithoutmilkinitatfirst,butonedayafamousFrenchladynamedMadamedeSevignedecidedtoseewhatteatastedlikewhenmilkwasadded.Shefounditsopleasantthatshewouldneverdrinkitwithoutmilkagain.Shewassuchagreatladythatherfriendsthoughttheymustcopyeverythingshedid.(起初，人们喝的茶里没有牛奶，但有一天，一位名叫德塞维尼夫人的法国名媛决定看看加入牛奶后茶的味道。她觉得这太令人愉快了，再也不喝没有牛奶的茶了。她是一位伟大的女士，她的朋友们认为他们必须复制她所做的一切）”可知，人们开始模仿德塞维尼夫人的习惯，在茶里加入牛奶。所以thishabit指“在茶里加牛奶”。故选C。4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Atfirstteawasusuallydrunkafterdinnerintheevening.Nooneeverthoughtofdrinkingteaintheafternoonuntiladuchess(公爵夫人)foundthatacupofteaandapieceofcakeatthreeorfouro'clockstoppedhergetting“asinkingfeeling”asshecalledit.Sheinvitedherfriendstohavethisnewmealwithherandso，teatimewasborn.(起初，人们通常在晚上晚饭后喝茶。没有人想过下午喝茶，直到一位公爵夫人发现，三四点钟的一杯茶和一块蛋糕阻止了她所谓的“下沉感”。她邀请她的朋友和她一起吃这顿新的饭，于是，teatime诞生了)”可知，最后一段主要介绍了“下午茶时间”是如何开始的。故选B。BAustraliawasalwaysacountryIwantedtovisit,soIsavedupsomemoneyandbookedaflighttogotravelinguptheeastcoastofAustraliaattheendofmyworkinLondon.TheflightmademerealizeexactlyhowfarawayAustraliaisfromhome.Ispent10hourstravelingonaplanefromLondontoHongKong,thenafurther8hourstoSydney,myfirststopinAustralia.Theflightwentquitequicklythough,sincetherewerelotsoffilmstowatchtokeepmeamused.ItwasstrangewhenIarrivedbecauseeverythingwasupsidedownoverthere;itwasthestartofwinter(inMay)!ItalsotookmeawhiletogetusedtothetimedifferenceasIwasalwaysonedayaheadofallmyfriendsandfamilybackhome.Thecountryistrulybeautiful,fullofamazingviewsandwildlifeyouwouldn’tfindanywhereelseintheworld.OneofmyexperiencesofmytripwasseeingkoalascloselyinBrisbane—therewerekoalaseverywheresleepinginthetreesandIevengotthechancetoholdone.Therewasalsobiggrasslandfullofkangaroosthatwewereallowedtofeed.Theywerereallysmartandveryfriendly.ThehighlightofmytripwassnorkelingintheGreatBarrierReef,asthewaterwasamazinglyclearwithabeautifulshadeofblue.Ialsogotthechancetoseesomespecialcreaturesunderwater,suchasseaturtlesandevenashark.Australiaisanamazingcountryandworthvisitingonedayifyouevergetthechance.5．Whatdidtheauthorthinkofthejourneyontheplane?A．Timewasting. B．Disappointing. C．Dangerous. D．Pleasant.6．HowdidtheauthorfeelwhenhereachedSydney?A．Tired. B．Excited. C．Unfamiliar. D．Upset.7．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．UniquewildanimalslivinginAustralia. B．BeautifulnaturallandscapeinBrisbane.C．Wonderfulexperienceswithwildanimals. D．ExcitingsportsduringthetripinAustralia.8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“snorkeling”inParagraph4mean?A．Fishingonthesea. B．Swimmingunderwater.C．Watchinganimalshows. D．Feedingturtlesandsharks.【答案】5．D

6．C

7．A

8．B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者去澳大利亚旅游的经历。5．推理判断题。根据第二段“Theflightwentquitequicklythough,sincetherewerelotsoffilmstowatchtokeepmeamused.(不过，飞机飞得很快，因为有很多电影可以看，让我觉得很有趣)”可知，作者认为在飞机上的旅程是令人愉快的。故选D。6．推理判断题。根据第二段“ItwasstrangewhenIarrivedbecauseeverythingwasupsidedownoverthere;(当我到达时它很陌生，因为那里的一切都颠倒了)”可知，作者刚到悉尼时感觉不熟悉。故选C。7．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Thecountryistrulybeautiful,fullofamazingviewsandwildlifeyouwouldn’tfindanywhereelseintheworld.(这个国家真地很美，到处都是令人惊叹的景色和野生动物，你在世界上任何地方都找不到)”以及段落内容可知，本段主要介绍了澳大利亚的景色和特有的野生动物。故选A。8．词句猜测题。根据第四段“ThehighlightofmytripwassnorkelingintheGreatBarrierReef,asthewaterwasamazinglyclearwithabeautifulshadeofblue.Ialsogotthechancetoseesomespecialcreaturesunderwater,suchasseaturtlesandevenashark.(我旅行中最精彩的部分是在大堡礁snorkeling，那里的水非常清澈，带着美丽的蓝色阴影。我也有机会看到一些特殊的水下生物，如海龟，甚至鲨鱼)”可知，作者在大堡礁水下游泳时感受到了水下的风景和水下生物，推测划线词表示“潜水”，与swimmingunderwater同义。故选B。CImaginethis:You’reatamovietheaterfoodstandloadinguponsnacks.Youhaveachoiceofasmall,mediumorlargesoda.Thesmallis$3.50andthelargeis$5.50.It’satoughdecision:Thesmallsizemaynotlastyouthroughthewholemovie,but$5.50forsomesugarydrinkseemsridiculous.Butthere’sathirdoption,amediumsodafor$5.25.Themediummightbejustrightforyou,butthelargeonlycostaquartermore.Ifyou’relikethemajorityofpeople,youendupbuyingthelarge.Ifyou’rewonderingwhowouldpurchasethemediumsoda,theanswerisalmostnoone.Actually,there’sagoodchancethatthemarketingdepartmentpurposelypricedthemediumsodaasadecoy(诱饵),makingyoumorelikelytobuythesodaratherthanthesmall.IhavewrittenaboutthisuniquehumannaturepreviouslywithmyfriendDanAriely,who,afternoticingpricingforsubscription(订阅)toTheEconomist,studiedthisphenomenonextensively.Thedigitalsubscriptionwas$59,theprintsubscriptionwas$125,andtheprintplusdigitalsubscriptionwasalso$125.Nooneintheirrightmindwouldbuytheprintsubscriptionwhenyoucouldgetdigitalaswellforthesameprice,sowhywasitevenanoption?Arielyrananexperimentandfoundthatwhenonlythetwo“real”choiceswereoffered,morepeoplechosethelessexpensivedigitalsubscription.However,thebadoptionincreasedpeople’slikelihoodofselectingtheexpensiveprintplusdigitaloption.Brainscientistscallthiseffect“asymmetricdominance”anditmeansthatpeopleareattractedtotheoptionthatisclosesttoanobviouslyinferior(较差的)option.Marketingprofessorscallitthedecoyeffect,whichiscertainlyeasiertoremember.Itworksbecauseofthewayourbrainassignvaluewhenmakingchoices.Valueisrarelyabsolute;rather,wedecideanobject’svaluerelativetootherchoices.Ifmoreoptionsareintroduced,thevalueequation(方程)changes.9．What’sthefunctionoftheexampleinparagraph1?A．Toofferbackgroundinformation. B．Toexplainaneconomicalphenomenon.C．Toarousethereaders’interestinthetopic. D．Toillustratearulewhenbuyingdrinks.10．WhatdowelearnfromDanAriely’sexperiment?A．TheEconomist’sprinteditionturnsouttosellthebest.B．Morereaderschoosethedigitalovertheprintedition.C．Lowerpricedgoodsattractmorecustomers.D．TheEconomist’spromotionalstrategyworks.11．Fromwhichwebsitewouldyoumostprobablyfindthistext? B．s://science/local 12．Howdoweassessthevalueofaproduct,accordingtothepassage?A．byconsideringitsusefulness. B．paringitwithotherchoices.C．Byexaminingitsvalueequation. D．Bytakingitslowqualityintoaccount.【答案】9．C

10．D

11．C

12．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文阐述的是一种诱饵效应：当我们在做出选择时，受大脑分配价值方式的影响，在有更多选择的时候，我们会被最接近劣势的选项所吸引。9．推理判断题。根据文章首段中的“Picturethis:You’reatamovietheaterfoodstandloadinguponsnacks.Youhaveachoiceofasmall,mediumorlargesoda.Thesmallis$3.50andthelargeis$5.50.(想象一下：你在电影院的食品摊上装满零食。你可以选择小杯，中杯或大杯苏打水。小的是3.50美元，大是5.50美元。)”；最后一句“Ifyou’relikemostpeople,youendupbuyingthelarge.(如果你像大部分人的话，你最终会买大杯。)”以及下文对诱饵效应的介绍可知，通过具体的事例，将读者引入文章讲述的话题，所以首段的作用就是引起读者的兴趣。故选C项。10．推理判断题。根据第三段的“Arielyrananexperimentandfoundthatwhenonlythetwo“real”choiceswereoffered,morepeoplechosethelessexpensivedigitalsubscription.However,thebadoptionincreasedpeople’slikelihoodofselectingtheexpensiveprintplusdigitaloption.(Ariely进行了一项实验，发现当只提供两种“真实”选择时，更多的人选择更便宜的数字订阅。然而，糟糕的选择增加了人们选择昂贵的印刷加数字选项的可能性。)”可知，实验结果表明，这种促销的方式应该是见效的。故选D项。11．推理判断题。根据文章首段的具体实例讲述的是消费者在面对消费选择时的最终选择结果，以及DanAriely所做的实验内容和最后一段中的“Marketingprofessorscallitthedecoyeffect,whichiscertainlyeasiertoremember.(营销学教授称之为诱饵效应，这当然更容易记住。)”可知，文章所涉及的信息都与消费者的消费选择和市场营销策略有关系，由此可推断，文章很有可能出现在与消费者相关的网站。故选C项。12．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“However,thebadoptionincreasedpeople’slikelihoodofselectingtheexpensiveprintplusdigitaloption.(然而，糟糕的选择增加了人们选择昂贵的印刷加数字选项的可能性。)”和最后一段中的“Valueisrarelyabsolute;rather,wedecideanobject’svaluerelativetootherchoices.Ifmoreoptionsareintroduced,thevalueequation(方程)changes.(价值很少是绝对的；相反，我们决定一个对象相对于其他选择的值。如果引入更多选项，则值方程会发生变化。)”可知，我们在购买一件商品时，总会经过对比，选择自己认为最好的选项。故选B项。四、阅读七选五HowtoImproveSpeedReadingSkillsSpeedreadingisoneofmanyskillsthatcanimproveyourreadingprehensionandshortenyourstudytime.____1____Lookatgroupsofwords,notsinglewords.____2____,thenthiswillslowyourreadingspeeddown.However,ifyoucangetintothehabitofreadinggroupsorchunks(大量)ofwordsatonetime,thenyoucanreadmuchfaster.Startbytryingtolookatagroupofthreeorfourwordsatonce,thenworkuptolookingatanentirelineofworks.Focusonwordsthatgivethesentencemeaning,suchasthenounsandverbsandpaylessattentiontothefillerwords,suchasa,the,and,etc.____3____Scanningisahighlyeffectivewayofextractinganswersfromatextwithoutreallyreadingit.Ifyouknowexactlywhatyouarelookingfor—aname,adate,astatistic,oraspecificword—youcanfinditquicklybyskippingoverlargechunksofthetext.Toscan,firstvisualizetheword,number,orphraseyouwouldliketofind.____4____Theinformationyouarelooking