循环系统基本病变表现与疾病诊断课件

循环系统基本病变表现与疾病诊断ppt课件汇报人：文小库2024-03-15CONTENTS循环系统概述基本病变表现疾病诊断方法与技术常见循环系统疾病诊断要点治疗原则与方案制定预防措施与健康生活方式建议循环系统概述01循环系统由心血管系统和淋巴系统组成，其中心血管系统包括心脏、血管和血液，淋巴系统包括淋巴管、淋巴结和淋巴液。组成循环系统的主要功能是运输营养物质、氧气、激素、免疫细胞和代谢废物等，以维持机体内环境的稳定和正常生理功能。功能循环系统组成与功能循环系统是一个连续的封闭管道系统，血液在心血管系统中循环流动，淋巴液在淋巴系统中流动并最终汇入静脉。心脏以一定的节律收缩和舒张，推动血液在心血管系统中循环流动，形成血压和脉搏等生理现象。循环系统通过神经和体液调节机制，对机体的生理功能和内环境进行精确调节，以适应不同的生理状态和外界环境。连续性节律性调节性循环系统生理特点以下附赠各项管理制度英文版（不需要可删）急救药品、器材管理制度:1.Rescuedrugsandequipmentshouldbe"fivefixed"(fixedquantityandvariety,designatedplacement,designatedpersonstorage,regulardisinfectionandsterilization,regularinspectionandmaintenance)and"twotimely"(timelyinspectionandmaintenance,timelyreceiptandsupplementation).Theitemisclearlymarkedandcannotbeusedarbitrarily.2.Thenecessaryrescueequipmentiscomplete,ingoodperformance,andinstandbycondition.3.Therescuedrugsarecomplete,withcleardruglabelsandnodiscoloration,deterioration,expiration,ordamage.Theyshouldbeplacedandusedintheorderofdrugexpirationdates(fromrighttoleft).4.Emergencydrugsanditemsforeachdepartment'srescuevehicleshallbeuniformlyequippedaccordingtorequirements.Specializedemergencydrugsanditemsmustbereviewedandapprovedbythedepartmentdirectortodeterminethetype,quantity,specifications,anddosagetobeequipped.Rescuevehiclesmustbeplacedindesignatedlocationsandmanagedbydesignatedpersonneltoensuresafetyandeaseofuse.5.Afterusingrescuedrugsandequipment,theyshouldbefullyreplenishedwithin24hours.Iftheycannotbereplenishedduetospecialreasons,theyshouldbenotedonthehandoverregistrationformandreportedtotheheadnurseforcoordinationandresolutiontoensuretimelyuseduringpatientrescue.6.Thereisaregistrationbookfortheprovisionofdrugsandequipment.Ensureconsistencybetweenaccountsandmaterials,andhandoverbetweenshifts.7.Managementofsealedrescuevehicles:Beforesealing,theheadnurse(ornurseincharge)andanothernurseshallcountthedrugsandequipmentaccordingtotheregistrationbookofdrugandequipmentequipment,verifytheiraccuracy,andsealthemwithaseal.Twopeopleshallsignandfillinthesealingtime.Nurseschecktheconditionofthesealsoncepershiftandcompletethehandover.Theresponsiblenursescheckonceaweek,andtheheadnurseandresponsiblenursesopenthesealsandinspectthedrugsandequipmentintheambulanceonceamonth,withrecordskept.8.Nonsealedrescuevehiclemanagement:Eachshiftshallcountthedrugsandequipmentaccordingtotheregistrationbookandcompletethehandover.Theresponsiblenurseshallinspectonceaweek,andtheheadnurseshallinspectonceeverytwoweeksandkeeprecords,ensuringthattheaccountsmatchthematerials.护理文书书写制度:

1.Nursingstaffstrictlyfollowthelatestrequirementswhenwritingnursingmedicalrecords.2.Thecontentofnursingrecordsshouldbeobjective,truthful,accurate,timely,complete,andstandardized.3.Allnursingdocumentsshouldbewrittenwithablueblackorcarboninkpen.4.AllnursingdocumentsshouldbewritteninArabicnumeralsfordateandtime,withdatesinyears,months,anddays,usinga24-hoursystem,specifictominutes.5.WritingshoulduseChinese,medicalterminology,andcommonlyusedforeignlanguageabbreviations;Completerecorditems;Thetextisneat,thehandwritingisclear,andthelayoutisclean;Accurateexpression,fluentsentences,simpleandconcise:correctformatandpunctuation,notypos.6.Whenerrorsoccurduringthewritingprocess,doublelinethemonthewrongwords,keeptheoriginalrecordclearanddistinguishable,signthemodifier,indicatethemodificationtime,continuetowritethecorrectcontent,anddonotusescraping,sticking,paintingorothermethodstocoveruporremovetheoriginalhandwriting.Eachpageshouldbemodifiednomorethantwotimes,otherwisetheoriginalrecorderwillpromptlycopyagain(exceptformodificationsmadebysuperiors).7.Nursingrecordswrittenbyinternnurses,probationarynurses,orunregisterednursesshouldbereviewedandsignedbynurseswithlegalprofessionalqualificationsinthismedicalinstitution.8.Furthertrainingnursescanonlywritenursingdocumentsafterbeingrecognizedbythemedicalinstitutionreceivingthetrainingfortheirworkability.9.Superiornursingstaffhavetheresponsibilitytoreviewandmodifythewrittenrecordsofsubordinatenursingstaff.Whenmakingmodifications,reddoublelinesshouldbeusedtomarkerrors,writethemodifiedcontent,signandindicatethemodificationtime.10.Temperaturerecords,medicalorders,patientcarerecords,andsurgicalinventoryrecordsshouldbearchivedontime.心血管疾病包括高血压、冠心病、心力衰竭、心律失常、心脏瓣膜病等，这些疾病多与动脉粥样硬化、心肌缺血、心脏结构异常等有关。淋巴系统疾病包括淋巴管炎、淋巴结炎、淋巴瘤等，这些疾病多与感染、免疫异常、肿瘤等有关。此外，还有一些与循环系统相关的其他疾病，如血栓性疾病、血管炎等。常见循环系统疾病类型基本病变表现02心脏各个房室增大，导致心脏整体体积增大，常见于高血压、冠心病等疾病。心脏增大心肌肥厚心脏瓣膜病变心肌细胞体积增大，导致心肌肥厚，常见于肥厚型心肌病等疾病。心脏瓣膜发生狭窄或关闭不全，影响心脏正常血流，常见于风湿性心脏病、先天性心脏病等疾病。030201心脏病变表现动脉管壁增厚、失去弹性，导致管腔狭窄或闭塞，常见于动脉粥样硬化等疾病。动脉硬化血管壁发生炎症，导致血管损伤和功能障碍，常见于大动脉炎、过敏性紫癜等疾病。血管炎血管壁ju部薄弱，导致血管扩张形成瘤样突起，常见于海绵状血管瘤等疾病。血管瘤血管病变表现红细胞增多血液中红细胞数量增多，导致血液黏稠度增加，常见于真性红细胞增多症等疾病。血小板减少血液中血小板数量减少，影响机体凝血功能，常见于再生障碍性贫血、血小板减少性紫癜等疾病。此外，血小板功能异常也会影响机体凝血功能。血浆成分异常血浆中蛋白质、脂质、糖等成分异常，提示机体存在代谢或内分泌紊乱，常见于高脂血症、糖尿病等疾病。同时，血浆中的各种酶、激素和抗体等成分也具有重要的诊断价值。白细胞增多血液中白细胞数量增多，提示机体存在感染或炎症反应，常见于各种感染性疾病、白血病等疾病。血液成分异常表现疾病诊断方法与技术03病史采集与体格检查病史采集详细询问患者症状、既往病史、家族病史等，为诊断提供重要线索。体格检查全面检查患者身体状况，包括观察、触诊、叩诊、听诊等，发现异常体征。了解患者红细胞、白细胞、血小板等血液成分变化，辅助诊断贫血、感染等疾病。检测血糖、血脂、肝肾功能等指标，评估患者内环境状况及器官功能。检测免疫球蛋白、补体、自身抗体等，辅助诊断自身免疫性疾病及感染性疾病。常规血液检查生化检查免疫学检查实验室检查项目选择及意义X线检查超声心动图CT与MRI检查核医学检查影像学检查在循环系统中的应用观察心脏大血管形态、位置及毗邻关系，辅助诊断心脏增大、心包积液等疾病。提供高分辨率的心脏和大血管影像，辅助诊断冠心病、主动脉夹层等疾病。实时显示心脏结构和运动状态，评估心功能及血流动力学状况，诊断心脏瓣膜病、心肌病等疾病。利用放射性核素进行心肌灌注显像、心功能测定等，评估心肌缺血、心肌梗死等疾病。常见循环系统疾病诊断要点04冠心病的典型症状包括胸痛、胸闷、心悸等，诊断时主要依据临床症状、心电图改变以及冠状动脉造影等检查结果。此外，还需结合患者的年龄、性别、高血压、糖尿病等危险因素进行综合评估。诊断要点冠心病需与心绞痛、心肌梗死、主动脉夹层等疾病进行鉴别诊断。心绞痛表现为阵发性胸痛，心肌梗死则表现为持续性胸痛和心电图特征性改变，主动脉夹层则表现为突发的剧烈胸痛和背部放射痛。鉴别诊断冠心病诊断要点及鉴别诊断诊断要点高血压病的诊断主要依据血压测量结果，即在未使用降压药物的情况下，收缩压≥140mmHg和（或）舒张压≥90mmHg。同时，还需排除继发性高血压的可能性。分类标准根据血压升高的水平，将高血压病分为1级、2级和3级。1级高血压指收缩压在140-159mmHg和（或）舒张压在90-99mmHg；2级高血压指收缩压在160-179mmHg和（或）舒张压在100-109mmHg；3级高血压指收缩压≥180mmHg和（或）舒张压≥报警电话mmHg。高血压病诊断要点及分类标准心力衰竭诊断要点及分型心力衰竭的诊断主要依据患者的临床症状、体征以及相关的检查结果。典型症状包括呼吸困难、乏力、水肿等，体征方面可出现心脏扩大、肺部湿罗音等。相关的检查包括心电图、超声心动图、X线胸片等。诊断要点根据心力衰竭发生的部位和程度，可将其分为左心衰竭、右心衰竭和全心衰竭。左心衰竭主要表现为肺淤血和心排血量降低，右心衰竭主要表现为体循环淤血，全心衰竭则同时存在左心和右心衰竭的表现。分型治疗原则与方案制定05根据病情选择合适的药物，注意药物的剂量、用法和疗程，确保安全有效。遵循医嘱，不