高考语法专题-.句子成分+课件高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

Whatmakesasentence?WordsCatherineⅡhadtheAmberRoommovedtoapalaceoutsideStPetersburg.Whatkindofwords?HarryPotterarefriendscryunfortunatelypinkfortwoweekscountrymusicwetoswimcarryoutoutoforderlisteningtopopularmusiclivelyWhathappenedtotheAmberRoomremainsamystery.主语谓语表语主语谓语宾语定语宾语补足语状语Sentenceconstituents句子成分主语（subject）谓语（predicate）表语（predicative）宾语（object）宾语补足语（objectcomplement）定语（attributive）状语（adverbial）组成句子的成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。主语subject句子说明的人或事物1.HarryPotteristheherointhisbook.哈利·波特是这本书的主人公。2.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.3.Itisclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.It是形式主语，主语从句是真正主语。4.Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实Someconceptionsofagentlemanarethese:agentlemanisalwaysconsiderateforthefeelingsofothers;hehastact—heknowshowtosayandtodotherightthingattherighttime.Beinghappyisbetterthanbeingking.

(WestAfricansaying)Underlinethesubjectinthesesentences.由……充当例句名词Theearthlookslikeahugewater-coveredglobe.代词Nobodywillknowswhatwilloccurinthefuture.数词ThefirstthatshesuppliedformewasaSpanishnovel.不定式Totranslatethisidealintorealityneedshardwork.可在句中充当主语的conclusion由……充当例句动词-ingPlayingvideogamesisharmfultotheyoungpeople’shealthandaffectstheirstudy.词组或复合结构Successorfailuredependsonthesupportofthemasses.名词化的形容词或分词Insomecountriesthericharegettingricherandthepooraregettingpoorer.从句Whathashappenedprovedthatourpolicyisright.可在句中充当主语的conclusion谓语predicate对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.He

hascaughtabadcold.

Wearestudents.实义动词情态动词+动词原形助动词+动词的适当形式连系动词谓语的构成3.Whatweusedtothink_______(be)impossibledoesseempossiblenow.keepsisbeingrepairedwas1.Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonourroads______(keep)risingthesedays.2.Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar_______________(repair)atthegarage.Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-third_______usedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.

A.is

B.areC.wasD.were4.Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand_________(sit)downtoeatourpicniclunch.sat由……充当例句动词Iappreciateyourtimelyhelpindeed.动词短语Aftertheexpedition,CaptainCooksetuphomeinLondon.情态动词+动词原形Shecouldread

LatinandGreekwhenshewasten.助动词+动词适当形式Hehascaughtabadcold.连系动词+表语Shopsremainopentill9intheevening.可在句中充当谓语的conclusion表语predicativeThemachine

mustbe

outoforder.HisjobistoteachEnglish.Theweatherhasturnedcold.说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。Thestorysoundstrue.常见系动词有be,become,look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,appear,get,turn,grow,go,remain,keep,stay……宾语object表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后。Theywenttoseeanexhibition（展览）yesterday.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.Weshouldlearnfromher.用括号内所给动词的适当形式完成下列句子。1.Thenewcollegegraduateinsistedon__________(send)wherehewasmostneeded.2.Theparentssuggested_________(sleep)inthehotelroombuttheirkidswereanxioustocampoutduringthetrip.beingsentsleeping2.Ifyouthinkthattreatingawomanwellmeansalways_______(get)herpermissionforthings,thinkagain.3.Victorapologizedfornot__________(inform)meofthechangeintheplan.tosoundgettinginforming4.Idon’twant________(sound)likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.由……充当例句名词Hehasformedthehabitofrisingearlyinthemorning.代词Haveyoutoldthem

anythingabouttheaccident?数词Ifyouadd5to5,youget10.名词化的形容词Wemayfindouttheunknownbycalculation.可在句中充当宾语的conclusion由……充当例句动词-ing（短语）Idisliketravellingtoworkinaverycrowdedbuseveryday.不定式（短语）Herefusedtoattendthemedicalconference.从句IwonderwhetherIshouldstayornot.可在句中充当宾语的conclusionHobobroughtthenewspapertome.Myfriendlendsmehisbike.找出下列句子的宾语有些及物动词可以接两个宾语，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语，直接宾语是谓语动词的承受者，间接宾语表示谓语动作的方向（对谁做什么）或动作的目标（为谁做什么）。动词与“双宾语”givesb.sth./givesth.tosb.常见的这类结构的动词有：give,send,bring,owe,take,offer,pass,lend,tell,return,promise,show,write,throw,hand,award,grant等makesb.sth./makesth.forsb.常见的这类结构的动词有：make(制造),prepare,buy,do,fetch,leave,build,post,get,draw,find,reserve,save等1.Johnson先生去年教我们德语。

MrJohnson________________lastyear.2.奶奶昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。

Grandmatold____________________lastnight.3.请把那本字典递给我好吗？

Wouldyouplease___________________?4.他把车票给列车员看。

Heshowed________________________.taughtusGermanmeaninterestingstorypassmethedictionarythetickettotheconductor宾语补足语objectcomplement位于宾语后，用来补充宾语的意义。某些及物动词（如make等）+宾语+宾补宾语补足语的一般句型为：Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.Letthefreshairin.HisblamemadeMarycry.宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。宾语补足语结构常见动词例句动词+宾语+todoadvise,allow,ask,beg,encourage,cause,direct,expect,forbid,force,invite,order,permit,persuade,remind,require,teach,tell,want,warnPleaseremindmenottobelateforthemeeting.动词+宾语+tobe…consider,

think,

believe,

discover,

find,

imagine,

judge,

suppose,

proveWe

consider

him

(to

be)

a

good

teacher.动词+宾语+不带to的不定式feel,have,hear,let,make,notice,observe,see,watch,listento,lookat。Wewatchedthechildrenplaygames.注意当句子的宾语是动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句时，常用it作形式宾语，将真正的宾语移到宾语补足语之后。常见的动词有think,find,consider,judge,feel,make,take等。Theythoughtit

right

todothistest.1.Throughthewindow,Icouldseetherain____________(comedown)insheets.2.MothermadeCharles____(整理)hisbedroombeforehewentout.comingdowntidyFillintheblanks.3.Canyousmellsomething________(burn)?Itmustbecomingfromthekitchen.4.Whenthepolicearrived,theyfoundtheactress_________(murder)inthebathroom.5.Thebossorderedthetypist_______(have)allthedocumentsready.burningmurderedtohave6.Therobbersforcedtheman___________(交出)thesuitcase.7.Alotofpracticehelpedthespokesman__________(become)amorefluentspeaker.8.Thehostesshadtheinvitations________(deliver)aweekbeforetheparty.(to)becomedeliveredtohandoverTranslation1.Iwasabsent-mindedwhenIsuddenly____________________(听到喊我的名字).2.Hehadastrangewayof____________________________________(使他的课生动有趣).3.Thelittlegirldoesn’tknowhowto_________________(讲清楚自己的意思).heardmynamecalledmakinghisclasseslivelyandinterestinggetherideasacross定语attributive位置灵活，用来修饰名词和代词，说明名词和代词的品质和特征。Thepinkdressishers.Mary’sparentshavegonebroad.Theboythereneedsapen.Therearethirtywomenteachersisourschool.Thereisnothingtodotoday.TheboyinblueisTom.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.Chinaisadevelopingcountry前置定语后置定语一般情况下，短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。但也有例外。Ihavesomethingimportanttosay.HeisreadinganovelwhichwaswrittenbyDickens.Hewastheonlymanaliveintheaccident.

Canyoufindanywheresafe?

Thewomanwithababyinherarmsishismother.由……充当例句形容词Hegaveavividdescriptionofthebattle.代词All

thesefactsareproofofourprogressinscience.名词TheyaretosendagovernmenttradedelegationtoChina.名词所有格Mary’sparentshavegonebroad.数词Thetwoboysarestudents.不定式（后置）Heisamantobedependedon.可在句中充当定语的conclusion由……充当例句分词（短语）ThescientistsinvitedtotheconferenceareallfromAsia.动词-ingOurreadingroomisbrightandlarge.介词短语TheboyinblueisTom.副词Theyliveintheroomabove.从句Theboywhoisreadingneedsthepenwhichyouboughtyesterday.可在句中充当定语的conclusion状语adverbial可位于句首、句末、句中，用来修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、方式、程度等。Unfortunately,Imissedthetrain.Factoriesandbuildingsareseenhereandthere.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.状语类型例句时间状语IlearnedalotfromthepeasantswhenIlivedinthecountryside．地点状语Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.目的状语Theysetoutearlysothattheymightarriveontime．原因状语Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.条件状语IfyouworkhardatEnglish,youwilldowellinEnglish．状语类型例句方式状语Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.伴随状语Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.结果状语Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.让步状语Hewenttoschoolyesterdaythoughhewasill．比较状语LessonTwoisnotsodifficultasLessonOne．Theyweresittingquitehappilyonthefloor.Shespokeverywellattheconferencelastnight.如果同时出现多个状语，则一般按照方式状语、地点状语、时间状语的顺序排列。注意由……充当例句副词theprettygirlplaysthepianowonderfully.介词短语Tohissurprise,shecriticizedhiminsteadofpraisinghim.分词短语Theyenteredtheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.不定式短语Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavethesoldier’slift.可在句中充当状语的conclusion由……充当例句从句Nomatterwhatyousay,Iwon’tchangemymind.词组Weshouldsavethepeopleheartandsoul.复合结构Thestormhavingdestroyedtheirhomes,theyhadtoliveinacave.可在句中充当状语的conclusion1._______(play)footballinthe