Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering Useful Structures 定语从句2课件高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

定语从句RelativeClause什么是定语？定语就是修饰名词或代词的成分，作定语的除了形容词外，还有代词、数词、名词、介词短语。Thisisabeautifulflower.Thisisaflowerinthegarden.Thisistheflowerwhichyougivetome.形容词做前置定语介词短语做后置定语定语从句做后置定语Whatisclause？什么是从句？由主语(S)+谓语(V)构成的句子你跑。我追。你插翅难逃。Youran.Ichase.Youcan’tgetaway.Aclauseconsistsofasubjectandverbwithinasentence.Whatisrelativeclause?什么是定语从句？定语从句，或者说形容词性从句就是从句在句子中充当定语的作用，用来修饰前面名词或代词的句子。Arelativeclause,oraadjectiveclauseisatypeofclauseinasentencethatmodifiesanounorpronounintheindependentsentence.Therelativeclausesong关系词关系代词关系副词whowhomwhosewhichthatwhenwherewhyThemanwholivesnextdoor

isadentist.先行词theantecedent定语从句RelativeClauseRelativepronoun(关系代词）作用：1.引导定语从句2.代替先行词3.在定语从句中充当一个成分定语从句的构成先行词theantecedent定语从句RelativeClauseThisisthestorewhereIbroughtmybike.作用：1.引导定语从句2.代替先行词3.在定语从句中充当一个成分Relativeadverb(关系副词）定语从句的构成构成先行词+关系词+从句名词或代词关系代词和关系副词Themanwholivesnextdoorisadentist.ThisisthestorewhereIbroughtmybike.找到:先行词，定语从句，关系词极其所做成分Sheisthegirlthat/whohelpedme.Thisisthebook

whosecoverisblue.Thisistheroomwhichhelivedinlastyear.HeisthemanwhomImetyesterday.Thisisthegirl

whoseparentshavegonetoBeijing.Ilike

thebook

that/whichwerewrittenbyLuxun.指人，做主语指物，做主语指物，做宾语指人，做宾语指人，做定语指物，作定语thegirlthat/whohelpedmethat/whichwerewrittenbyLuxunthebooktheroomwhichhelivedinlastyearthemanthegirlwhomImetyesterdaywhoseparentshavegonetoBeijingthebookwhosecoverisblue1.TheteamthatLangPinghadbuiltwasfalling

apart.2.Theplayerwhobecameknownas“AirJordan”changedbasketballwithhis

graceful

movesandjumps.3.Themental

strengththatheshowedmadehimunique.4.TheBoysandGirlsClubwhichhestartedinChicagohasbeenhelpingyoungpeoplesince1996.找出下列句子中先行词，定语从句，关系词极其所做成分关系代词的用法关系代词

指代的先行词在从句中所做成分that人/物主语，宾语which物主语，宾语who人主语，宾语whom人宾语whose(人/物)的定语as人/物主语，宾语，表语做宾语可以省略that?which?that

指人指物which

指物一般情况：特殊情况：有些情况只能用that,不能用which.有些情况只能用which,不能用that.

eg.Weshoulddoall

thatisusefultothepeople.1、当先行词是something,anything,everything,nothing,all,little,few,some等_________时或者被不定代词修饰时。2、当先行词是_______或_______最高级，或被其修饰时;不定代词序数词形容词ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.Thisisthebestforeignfilm

thatIhaveeverseen.只用that的情况3、当先行词是既有_______又有_______时;4、当先行词被_______，_______，_______,thelast等修饰时;人物theonlytheverythesameeg：Theywillneverforgetthethingsandpersons

thattheyhaveseenduringtheirlongjourney.eg:Sheistheonlygirl

thatwonthefirstprize.

只用that的情况eg:Football,_______isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.1、在非限制性定语从句中；

eg：Thisisthetrainby___wewenthome.whichwhich只用which的情况2、关系词前有介词时；4、先行词后面有插入语时；eg:

Whatis

that

whichthedogisrunningafter？3、先行词本身是that；eg：HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,

asI'vetoldyou,willhelpyouimproveyourEnglish.这就是我告诉过你的那本英语语法书,它能帮你提高英语。只用which的情况That'stheday

whenwefinishedthework.Thisistheschool

whereIstudiedthreeyearsago.Nobodyknowsthereasonwhysheisoftenlateforschool.找到：

先行词，定语从句，关系词极其所做成分指时间，作状语指地点，做状语指原因，做状语thedaywhenwefinishedtheworktheschoolwhereIstudiedthreeyearsagowhysheisoftenlateforschoolthereason关系副词先行词在从句中的成分whenwherewhy名词，表时间时间状语地点状语名词，表地点reason，表原因原因状语关系副词的用法关系副词=介词+关系代词when=at/in/during/on...+whichShewillneverforgettheday.Shewasmarriedonthatday.Shewillneverforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)shewasmarried.Itwastheyear.TheWorldWarIbrokeoutintheyear.Itwastheyearwhen(=inwhich)theWorldWarIbrokeout.when=介词+which时间状语where=介词+whichIwanttoknowtheplace.Iwasbornthere.Iwanttoknowtheplacewhere(=inwhich)Iwasbornintheplace.Thetableisanewone.Sheissittingatthetable.Thetablewhere(=atwhich)sheissittingisanewone.地点状语where=in/at/...+which原因状语why=介词+whichwhy做原因状语，先行词常是thereasonThisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)I’mlate.Iknowthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hesaiditwhy=for+whichPractice1.Thisisthefactory_____________heworks.2.Istillremembertheday_____________Imether.3.Idon’tknowthereason_____________hewaslate.where(inwhich)when(onwhich)why(forwhich)Practice2.InfactTomdidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.A.where

B.who

C.inwhich

D.which1.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.A.whose

B.who

C.whom

D.which3.Thisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.A.where

B./

C.when

D.what4.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.A.where

B.that

C.which

D.onwhich

判断下列句子类型，找出含有定语从句的复合句1.Ionlylikemoviesthatarefunny.2.Ilikesmoothmusicwhichhelpsmerelaxafteralongweekatwork.3.Idon’tknowwhoyouare.4.Ihatepeoplewhotalkmuchbutdolittle.5.Wewillgoshoppingifitisfinetomorrow.

宾语从句条件状语从句Review定语从句，就是从句在句子中充当定语的作用，用来修饰前面名词或代词的句子。什么是定语从句：先行词的概念和作用：概念：位于关系词之前，被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词基本结构是怎么样的？先行词+关系词+定语从句作用：1.引导定语从句2.代替先行词3.在定语从句中充当一个成分Review关系词关系代词关系副词that/who/whomthat/whichwhosewhenwherewhy人（主/宾）物（主/宾）人/物：……的（定）=介词+which常用关系词：(状语)不做主语“that/who/which”关系代词1)Sheisateacher_______hasmuchteachingexperience.

A.whoseB.whoC.whyD.whichWho用法：who指____,在定语从句中作_______语。作______时可省略.

人主或宾宾语Theman__________Italkedwithisourteacher.who,/“that/who/which”关系代词2.Thedog________playedwithyoujustnowismine.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.whom3.Isthebook_______youarereadinginteresting?A.whoB.whenC.whatD.whichAWhich用法：

which用于指

，在句中作

，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。D物主语或宾语“that/who/which”关系代词4.(河南)Ihatethedogs_______liveinthenexthouse.Theymakeloudnoisesallnight.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whom5.(2018,甘肃白银)Ireallylikethefamilyphoto_______wetookonmygrandpa’s80thbirthday.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whoseBThat用法：that指

，作

或

(作

可省略）

物主语B宾语宾语Herecomesthemanthatwantstoseeyou.Sheisthelady(that)Itoldyouabout.或人关系代词“whom”1.Heisnottheperson______________Iamlookingfor.A.whichB.whenC.whoseD.whomDWhom用法：Whom指

，作_______

人宾语关系代词“whose”1.That’sthenewmachine________partsaretoosmalltobeseen.

A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.whatCWhose用法：whose指

______

，作

(引导定语从句要添加名词,即whose+n.

人的....,物的...定语指机器的部件2.Thisisthegirl___________parentshavegonetoBeijing.

A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.whatC女孩的父母总结1.Who用法：who指____,在定语从句中作_____或_____。作______时可省。2.Which用法：

which用于指

，在句中作

，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。3.that用法：that指

，作

或

(作

可省）4.whom用法：Whom指

，作_______

5.Whose用法：whose指____________

，作

(引导定语从句要添加名词,即whose+n.）人主语宾语宾语物主语或宾语物或人主语宾语宾语人宾语人的....,物的...定语知识运用用关系代词which,who,that填空1.Ihaveafriend________likeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.2.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress__________Igaveher.3.Thisistheboy__________wearetalkingabout.

4.Kevinisreadingabook____________istoodifficultforhim.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/thatdrills1)Herearesomeofthepeople________homesweredestroyedbythetyphoon"2)Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople_______wereasleep.3)Thenextday,peopleputupsheltersintheopenairusinganything________theycouldfind.4)Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings_____________hadbeendamagedbythehurricanewererepaired.5）Theinjuredboy_________motherwaslostin

thedisasterwastakentothehospital.that/whichthatwho/thatwhosewhoseP52drills7.Isthistheyoungboy__________savedseveralotherstudentstrappedunderbuildings?8.Shesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthetime________she’sspentworkingasasecretaryinourcompany.who/thatthat当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，通常要用关系副词引导定语从句。when时间where地点why原因关系副词1.when引导定语从句的用法When、Where、Why一、关系副词（1）当先行词是表示时间的名词（如time,day,year,month,week等），且关系词在从句中作时间状语时，定语从句用when引导。（2）相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”例句:Istillrememberthedaywhen（=onwhich）IfirstcametoBeijing.关系副词：在从句中做（时间）状语①August8th,2008istheday.

②The29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijingontheday.August8th,2008istheday

onwhich

the29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijing.August8th,2008istheday

whenthe29thOlympicGameswereheldinBeijing.关系副词when的用法注意点

当先行词是表示时间的名词时，既可以用when引导定语从句，也可以用that或which引导定语从句，关键要看关系词在定语从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语，则用when引导；若关系词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导。1.Doyoustillrememberthedays(___________)wespenttogetheronthefarm.2.Doyoustillrememberthedays(______)wechattedwitheachotherallnight.that\whichwhen即学即练(1)Wehaveenteredintoanage________dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.(2)Theexactyear___________AngaleandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.whenwhich\that关系副词where2.where引导定语从句的用法（1）当先行词是表示具体地点的名词（place,room,mountain等）或表示抽象地点的名词（如case,state,condition,point,situation等），且关系词在从句中作地点状语时，定语从句用where引导。例句：Wehavereachedapointwhereachangeisneeded.（2）相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。例句:Thefactorywhere（=inwhich）hisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.

关系副词where：在从句中做（地点）状语①Thisisthefarm.

②weworkedonthefarmwhenwewereyoung.TheschoolwherehismotherteachesEnglishisinthewestofthecity.Thisisthefarmwhere

weworkedwhenwewereyoung.onwhich①Theschoolisinthewestofthecity.

②HismotherteachesEnglishintheschool.inwhich当先行词为表示地点的名词时，如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。Hisfatherworksinafactorywhich/thatmakesradioparts.他的父亲在一家制造收音机零件的工厂里工作。关系副词where的用法注意点

即学即练

(1)Theirchildisatthestage______shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.what(2)Self-drivingisanarea_______Chinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when1.Istillremembertheday_________wespentintheforest.2.Istillremembertheday____________IfirstcametoBeijing.3.Thefactory___________wewillvisitislarge.4.Thefactory___________hisfatherworksislarge.5.I’llneverforgetthetime_______________weworkedonthefarm.6.Thisisthehouse______________welivedlastyear.Fillintheblanks.归纳:关系副词指时间,关系副词指地点,在定语从句中作。即使先行词是时间地点,若作从句中的，只能用关系代词that,which.that\whichwhen\onwhichthat\whichwhere\inwhichwhen\duringwhichwhere\inwhichwhenwhere状语主语或宾语关系副词why3.why引导定语从句的用法

（1）当先行词是表示原因的名词reason,且关系词在从句中作原因状语时，定语从句用why引导，且只能引导限制性定语从句。（2）why可以用forwhich来代替。例句:Thisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)heleftinahurry.这就是他匆匆离去的原因。若先行词为reason,且关系词在定语从句中不作状语，而是充当主语或宾语，则用that或which引导定语从句。Thereasonthat/which

hetoldmeyesterdaywasalie.昨天他告诉我的理由是个谎言。关系副词why的用法注意点Doyouknowthereason?Shegotsoangryforthereasonyesterday.Doyouknowthereason

forwhich

shegotsoangryyesterday?Doyouknow

thereason

why

shegotso

angryyesterday?关系副词：在从句中做（原因）状语SentenceAnalysis

即学即练语法填空(1)Thereareseveralreasons________schoolunifirmsareagoodidea.Firstofall,uniformshelptheschoollooksmart.(2)However,thereareanumberofotherreasons______________

mightexplainwhyyouwanttogarden.whythat\whichThisistheplace_____________wevisitedlasttime.Thisistheplace_____________wevisitedtheequipment(设备)lasttime.Istillrememberthetime__________wespendtogether.Istillrememberthetime__________wefirstmeteachother.Thisisthereason__________shegaveme.Thisisthereason__________shecried.()定语从句不完整，先行词在定语从句中做宾语，指物that/which()定语从句完整，也不缺定语，缺状语，指地点where()定语从句不完整，先行词在定语从句中做宾语，指物that/which()定语从句完整，也不缺定语，缺状语，指时间when(()定语从句不完整，先行词在定语从句中做宾语，指物that/which)定语从句完整，也不缺定语，缺状语，指原因why即学即练定语从句分类定语从句TheDefiningRelativeClause限制性定语从句TheNon-DefiningRelativeClause非限制性定语从句Themanwholivesnextdoor

isadentist.Mr.Brownisadentist，wholivesnextdoor.补充说明住在隔壁的男人是一个牙医。布朗先生是个牙医，他住在隔壁限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句修饰限定限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别1限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别23.Youareresponsible,whichmakesotherbelieveinyou.1.Mr.Brownisadentist

，wholivesnextdoor.2.WewillgraduateinJuly,whenwewillbefree.在非限制性定语从句中，先行词可以是单个的___________，也可以是整个______,从句和主句用______隔开。。名词或代词句子逗号1.Isawtheguywhodeliversmymailintownyesterday.2.I'llalwaysremembertheriverwherewelearnedtoswim.3.Doyouknowthereasonwhytheskyisblue?4.She'sthepersonwhosedaughtergoestoHarvard.whichguy?whichriver?thereasonforwhat?whichperson?若去掉，句子含义不明确无逗号与主句隔开1.Paris,

whereIspentsixmonthsstudying,isthemostbeautifulcityintheworld.2.Thewomandownthestreet,whosechildrenarethesameageasyours,invitedusoverfordinnernextweek.3.Themovie,whichismyfavoritecomedyofalltime,isbeingshownonTVtomorrownight.有逗号与主句隔开若去掉，不影响句子含义限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号“，”与主句隔开用逗号“，”与主句隔开意义上起限定修饰作用，如删除，主句则意义不完整起的补充说明，如删除，主句意思仍然完整功能修饰先行词修饰先行词，整个主句或主句的一部分引导词所有的关系代词和关系副词除that和why的关系词非限制性定语从句引导词关系代词关系副词whowhomwhosewhichthataswhenwherewhy非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法1.who,whom,whose(1)关系代词

who,whom引导的非限制性定语从句修饰人。(2)关系代词________在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语;_______

作宾语;介词后用_________。(3)whose作定语,先行词是人时,whose+n.相当于the+n.+

________。先行词是物时,whose+n.相当于

the+n.

+

________。ofwhomofwhichwhowhomwhom1.Sarah,______hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,

wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.2.Peter,___________youmetinLondon,isnowbackin

Paris.3.Isobel,_________brotherwastrainingforthematch,had

heardthejokebefore.4.Thebooksonthedesk,_______coversareshiny,areprizesforus.whowho/whomwhosewhose

thecoversofwhich1.who,whom,whose2.when,where

(1)

关系副词

when在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语,指

代主句中表示________的词语。(2)关系副词where在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,

指代

主句中表示________的词语。(3)when/where有时可以换成“介词+which”。(4)不能用why

引导非限制性定语从句,要用___________

代替。时间地点forwhich

1.TheywenttoLondon,__________theylivedforsixmonths.2.We’llputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,

________theweathermaybebetter.3.OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,__________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.4.IleftonSunday,_______________everyonewasathome.5.Ihadtoldthemthereason,_________Ididn’tattendthemeeting.where

whenwhen/onwhichwhere

forwhich2.when,where

3.as,which区别

aswhich指代引导的从句只能指代整个主句的内容引导的从句既可指代整个主句的内容，又可指代主句的某一名词或代词位置可位于主句之前、之中或之后可位于主句之中或之后，不能位于主句之前意义“正如，就像…”“这，那”功能起连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等引导的从句，在意义上相当于一个并列句Asthesayinggoes,…Asweallknow,…/Asisknowntoall,…Asisreported,…Asismentionedabove,…Asisexpected,...Asisoftenthecase,…正如谚语所说...正如大家所知道....正如被报导的是...正如上面提到的是...正如所预料的那样...情况经常是这样...在下列固定搭配之中，意为“正如”①正如大家所看到的那样，她工作一直很努力。Sheisalwaysworkinghar