Unit 1 Back to school Grammar and usage 课件-高中英语译林版(2020)必修第一册

Grammar

sentences简单句的五种基本句型·

主语十系动词十表语(S+linkV+P)

·主语十谓语(不及物动词)

(S+Vi)·主语十谓语(及物动词)十宾语

(S+Vt+

O)·

主语十谓语+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O1+O2)·

主语十谓语十宾语十补语(S+Vt+O+OC)Type

l。主语+系动词+表语(S+Link.V+P),说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。Youarestudents.Weare

intheclassroom.Wearegoodfriends,aren'twe?主

语(

subjec

t):

句子说明的人或物，常位于句首。·The

sun

rises

in

the

east.(名词)

·He

likes

dancing.(代词)·

Twentyyears

is

a

short

timein·history.

(数词)To

seeistobelieve.(

不

定式

)二Exercisingis

a

good

habit.(动名

词

)系动词用来表示主语状态，一般有be动词(am,is,are,was,were,been,being)He

is

a

teacher.其它系动词：状态：seem,appear,prove---感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look

-变化：become,get,furn,go,come,grow持续：remain,stay,keep,continue表语

(predicative):系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质

状态和特征。·He

is

a

teacher.

(名词)I

haveacake,canyou

taste

it.·Five

and

five

is

ten.(数词)(代词)·He

is

kind.(形容

词)·1.Jackisabrightboy.2.Hewasdisappointedattheresultofthe

examination.3.Theroomdoesn'tlookbigenough.

4.Hisdreamhasfinally

cometrue.5.Histheoryprovedcorrect.Type2&3·

主语十谓语动词(不及物动词)

·She

came./Nobody

went.·

主语十谓语动词(及物动词)+宾语·She

likes

English.谓语(predicate)(动词)V.说明主语的动作、状态和特征，常位于主语后。不及物动词

vi.

后不接宾语，且无被动语态及物动词后

vt.必须接宾语。·简单谓语：由动词或动词词组组成·I

saw

theflagonthetopofthe

hill?·He

looked

after

two

children.·

复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词构can

speak

English

well.宾语动作的对象或承受者，常置于及物动词或介词后I

like

China..(名词)Shedidn'tsay

anything.(

代词)Howmanydoyou

want?-I

want

two.(

数词)

Theydecidedtoleavenow.(不定式)I

enjoy

working

with

you.

(动名词)Did

you

write

down

what

he

said?

(句子)

Areyouafraidofthesnake?(

名词)Type4&5·主语十谓语十间接宾语十直接宾语

(双宾语)·She

gaveJohn

abook.

She

bought

me

a

book.·Theteacherasked

me

to

readthe

passage.主语十谓语十宾语十宾语补足语·She

makes

hermotherangry.·双宾语即直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指

物或事，间接宾语指人或动物.He

gave

me

some

books.间接

直接宾语

宾语●He

bought

his

girlfriend

some

flowers.这类动词常见的有：give,buy,show,send,lend,pass,tell,leave,teach

等·找句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①

Please

tell

usastory.②

My

father

bought

a

new

bike

for

me

lastweek.③Mr.Li

is

going

to

teach

us

historynextterm.④Here

isa

pen.Giveit

to

Tom.⑤

Did

he

leave

any

messageforme?宾补：宾语补足语Wewill

make

them

happy.宾语

宾补She

always

keeps

这类动词常见的有：keep,make,let,have等.●··挑出下列句中的宾语补足语②

Heaskedherto

take

the

boy

out

of

school.③Shefounditdifficultto

do

the

work.④Theycall

me

Lily

sometimes.⑤

IsawMr.Wangget

on

the

bus.^

状

语宾

语Imetmybestfriend

atthestation↓↓主谓

定

语语

语opX

EO子，汉语中常翻译成‘……的’。ThnAlnrLAhilnic

mino定义：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。

前单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之

后

短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之

O句

)*当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing,anything,everything,something

等时，定语要放在其后作后

置定语。定语(attributive)对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句

状语(adverbial)用以修饰adj./v.

/adv.及全句，位置灵活。表示时间、地点、原

因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步.1.修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；Iamvery)sorry.2.表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，

At

8)Iatemy

breakfast.=Iate

my

breakfastlat

83.一些表示不确定时间(如：

often)或程度(如：almost)的

副词状语通常位于be

动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。We[often]helphim.状语：·Iwillgothere

tomorrow.时间Themeetingwill

be

held

in

themeeting

room.地点●

The

meatwent

bad

becauseofthe

hot

weather

.

原

因Hestudies

hardto

learn

Englishwell.目的··H

edidn'tstudy

hardsothat

hefailedin

the

exam.结果·I

like

some

ofyou

verymuch.

程度Ifyoustudy

hard,youwill

passtheexam.条件·Hegoesto

schoolby

bike.方式Though

he

isyoung,hecando

itwell.让步···There

be结构1、定义：There

be句型表示某处存在某物或某

人。2、结构：(1)There

is+单数可数名词/不可数名

词

+地点状语(2)There

are

+复数名词+地点状语.*

there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语(某人或某物)的数保持一致。当主语是两个

或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近

的那个名词一致(就近原则)。①

Thereis

a

bird

in

the

tree.

树上有一只鸟。

②

There

is

a

teacher

and

many

students

in

our

classroom.我们教室里有一位老师和许多ム句子类型简单句并列句复合句OI.

简单句1.Thingschanged.主

+

谓2.Treesaregreen.主

+

谓

+

表3.

Wedon't

beat

children.主

+

谓+宾4.

He

gavehissister

the

piano.

主

+

谓

+间

接

宾

语

+

直

接

宾

语5.I

found

thebookeasy,言

+

谓

+

宾

+

宾

补It'snotcheap,

but

it

isverygood.Itwas

late,

soIwentto

bed._He

knockedatthedoor;therewas

noanswer.You'realive!Andshe'sdead.

II.

并列句Thisismeandthese

are

myfriends.Theymuststay

inwater,

ortheywill

die.Hesaid

thathedidn't

like

her.Aplane

isa

machinethat

can

fly.名词性从句状语从句

定语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句III.复合句

状语从句分为九类：时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、方式、程度1)时间状语从句Waitluntilyouarecalled.)Whenspringcame,)leavesturngreen.常用的关联词有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,as

soon

as,whenever等常用的关联词有：where,wherever,anywhere3)原因状语从句(As

Ididn'tknowthe

way,I

asked

apoliceman常用的关联词有：because,as,since2)地点状语从句Put

it(whereyoufound

it.)

Sitdown(whereveryou

like.)4)结果状语从句Iwas

inthe

bathsothat

Ididn't

hearthetelephone.常用的关联词有：so,so

that,such

that,that5)目的状语从句I'llshowyou

soyouwillsee

how

it'sdone.常用的关联词有：so,so

that,in

order

that6)条件状语从句Ifitsnowstomorrow,Jwewill

builda

snowman.常用的关联词有：if,unless,incase

that,on

condition

that..7)让步状语从句(Though

I'mfondofmusic,Ican't

play

any

instrument.常用的关联词有：though,although,if

even

if,even

though,8)方式状语从句Hedidjust

asyoutoldhim.常用的关联词有：as,as

if,asthough,howSo

longasyou

needme,Ill

stay.常用的关联词有：so,so

that,as

far

as,

so

longas9)程度状语从句Homework1.复习今天所学的句子结构2.

自行复习名词性从句的内容(必修三)3.看试卷，做相应知识点.名词性从句1)主语从句*What

hesaid

is

not

known.*Thatweshallbe

late

is

certain.*Itiscertain

thatwe

shallbelate.*Howstrange

it

isthatthechildren

are

so

quiet!

2)表语从句*That

is

what

hewantstobuy.*The

problem

is

thatwhowecan

getto

replace

her?*The

reasonis

that

he

has

liedto

meseveraltimes.*I

understand

that

he

is

wellqualified.*He

said

that

he

didn't

like

her.*Idon'tknow

ifyoucan

help

me.3)宾语从句*

Thequestionwho

should

dothe

work

requiresconsideration.*Mother

made

a

promisethatshewould

buymea

new

coat.

4)同位语从句*Where

did

you

get

the

ideathat

Icouldn't

come?注意!引导词that&what*that与what都可以引导名词性从句。*what

在从句中充当句子成份(主，宾，表)。

*That

在句中只起连接作用，不充当成份。*that在引导名词性从句时不可省略(宾语从句除外)

.That

iswhat

hewantsto

buy.

Thatweshallbe

late

is

certain.

He

said

(that)he

didn't

like

her.

状语从句分为九类：时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、方式、程度1)时间状语从句Waitluntilyouarecalled.)Whenspringcame,)leavesturngreen.常用的关联词有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,as

soon

as,whenever等常用的关联词有：where,wherever,anywhere3)原因状语从句(