四大基础时态（讲义）-2023-2024学年人教PEP版英语六年级下册

四大基础时态一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时一般现在时概念爱好、习惯、常做的事情一般事实客观真题（人的意志无法轻易改变）时间状语（时间标志词）频率副词：always、usually、often、sometimes、seldom、neverevery+时间：everyyearin/on/at+时间：onSunday、inwinter、atnight注意：没有时间状语出现，但是句子是表达了客观真理和一般事实规律的，也都要用一般现在时动词形式（考点）非三单主语：原形三单主语：s/es（动词的三单形式）三单形式变形规则直接+s不发音的e结尾，直接+s以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后再+“es”以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的,在词尾+“es”以“o”结尾的动词,+“es”结构含be动词的句子（am、is、are）含情态动词的句子（常见情态动词：may、must、might、can、should）含实义动词的句子（eat、like、take）注意：如何判断句子是哪一类（小学阶段）不含be，不含情，那就是含动词。句型转换肯定句转否定句be动词：be动词后+notamnot；isnot=isn't；arenot=aren't；情态动词：情态动词后+notcannot=can't；shouldnot=shouldn't；maynot；mightnot=mightn'tmustnot=mustn't实义动词：需要借助助动词进行否定，在动词前加donot（don't）、doesnot（doesn't）非三单主语+don't+动词原形三单主语+doesn't+动词原形注意：助动词后+动词原形（一定只能是动词原形）肯定句转一般疑问句be动词：把be动词提前放主语前Areyouastudent？情态动词：把情态动词提前放主语前Canyouhelpme？实义动词：在主语前+助动词do/doesDoyoudoyourhomework?Doeshegotoschool?肯定句转特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句注意：在肯定句转特殊疑问句时，提问的内容的答案需要在肯定句中去掉，不能出现在转换后的特殊疑问句中，值得注意的是：在含实意动词的句子中，如果是提问“做什么”，提问的内容的答案需要被do代替。（看例句展示）非提问“做什么”肯定句：Iusuallygotoschoolbybike.（划线部份机位提问的内容的答案）特殊疑问句：Howdoyouusuallygotoschool?提问“做什么”肯定句：IoftengotothelibraryonSunday.特殊疑问句：WhatdoyouoftendoonSunday？（特殊疑问句中，用do代替了肯定句中提问的“gotothelibrary”）句型转换都要注意：句型转换中，如果句中含有以下内容，都要注意同时也要变化some变成any（some有关的固定搭配除外，比如：dosomereading）some用于肯定句；表示委婉语气的疑问句any用于否定句和疑问句人称转换：（基本考察的都是“情况一”）适用于肯定句转一般疑问句和特殊疑问句情况一：肯定句：第一人称疑问句：变成第二人称情况二：肯定句：第二人称疑问句：变成第一人称常见人称转换you；we-you；me-you；us-you；our-your；my-your注意：第三人称在句型转换中不需要进行转换一般过去时概念发生在过去的动作和事情动词形式（考点）形式：动词过去式（规则变形ed；不规则变形要背诵）过去式ed的变形规则‌一般在动词末尾加-ed‌：例如，look-looked‌结尾是e加d‌：例如，dance-danced以“辅元辅”结尾，且最后一个字母时重度闭音节，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed‌：例如，stop-stopped‌以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed‌：例如，study-studied常见不规则过去式（见下面附件一）时间状语（时间标志词）last+时间：lastweekinthepast：在过去时间+ago：....以前threedaysagoin+过去年份：in1998yesterday：昨天justnow：刚刚结构含be动词的句子（was/were）含情态动词的句子（常见情态动词：could）含实义动词的句子（played、went、did）注意：如何判断句子是哪一类（小学阶段）不含be，不含情，那就是含动词。句型转换肯定句转否定句be动词：be动词后+notwasnot=wasn't；werenot=weren't情态动词：情态动词后+notcouldnot=couldn't实义动词：需要借助助动词进行否定，在动词前加didnot=didn't注意：助动词后+动词原形（一定只能是动词原形）肯定句转一般疑问句be动词：把be动词提前放主语前Wereyouhappy？情态动词：把情态动词提前放主语前IcouldrunfastwhenIwasalittlechild.实义动词：在主语前+助动词didDidyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?肯定句转特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句注意：在肯定句转特殊疑问句时，提问的内容的答案需要在肯定句中去掉，不能出现在转换后的特殊疑问句中，值得注意的是：在含实意动词的句子中，如果是提问“做什么”，提问的内容的答案需要被do代替。（看例句展示）非提问“做什么”肯定句：Iwenttoschoolbybikeyesterday.（划线部份机位提问的内容的答案）特殊疑问句：Howdidyougotoschoolyesterday?提问“做什么”肯定句：IwenttothelibrarywithLilylastweek.特殊疑问句：WhatdidyoudowithLilylastweek？（特殊疑问句中，用do代替了肯定句中提问的“wenttothelibrary”）句型转换都要注意：句型转换中，如果句中含有以下内容，都要注意同时也要变化some变成any（some有关的固定搭配除外，比如：dosomereading）some用于肯定句；表示委婉语气的疑问句any用于否定句和疑问句人称转换：（基本考察的都是“情况一”）适用于肯定句转一般疑问句和特殊疑问句情况一：肯定句：第一人称疑问句：变成第二人称情况二：肯定句：第二人称疑问句：变成第一人称常见人称转换you；we-you；me-you；us-you；our-your；my-your注意：第三人称在句型转换中不需要进行转换一般将来时概念将来发生的事情将来的计划打算动词形式（考点）考点：动词原形（这是一种动词不需要进行形式变换的时态，只需要使用动词的原形）结构willdo将要做...begoingtodo（be动词的am/is/are受主语的单复数影响）打算做....注意：will和begoingto是结构特有的，要表示将来时的话，will和begoingto必不可少时间状语（时间标志词）inthefuture：在未来in+将来年份：in2050next+时间：nextweek时间+later：....后threedayslaterin+时间段：...之后intenyearstomorrow：明天this+时间：thisyear句型转换肯定句转否定句will：will后+not构成否定willnot=won'tbegoingto：be后加not构成否定，goingto照写，不受影响amnot；isnot=isn't；arenot=aren't；Iamnotgoingtoplayfootballafterschool.肯定句转一般疑问句will：把will提前放主语前begoingto：把be动词提前放主语前，goingto在主语后动词前Areyougoingtoplayfootballafterschool？肯定句转特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句注意：在肯定句转特殊疑问句时，提问的内容的答案需要在肯定句中去掉，不能出现在转换后的特殊疑问句中值得注意的是：在含实意动词的句子中，如果是提问“做什么”，提问的内容的答案需要被do代替。（看例句展示）非提问“做什么”肯定句：Iwillgotoschoolbybike.（划线部份机位提问的内容的答案）特殊疑问句：Howwillyougotoschool?提问“做什么”肯定句：IwillgotothelibrarynextSunday.特殊疑问句：WhatwillyoudonextSunday？（特殊疑问句中，用do代替了肯定句中提问的“gotothelibrary”）句型转换都要注意：句型转换中，如果句中含有以下内容，都要注意同时也要变化some变成any（some有关的固定搭配除外，比如：dosomereading）some用于肯定句；表示委婉语气的疑问句any用于否定句和疑问句人称转换：（基本考察的都是“情况一”）适用于肯定句转一般疑问句和特殊疑问句情况一：肯定句：第一人称疑问句：变成第二人称情况二：肯定句：第二人称疑问句：变成第一人称常见人称转换you；we-you；me-you；us-you；our-your；my-your注意：第三人称在句型转换中不需要进行转换现在进行时概念现在正在进行的动作、状态或者事情动词形式（考点）结构：bedoing（am/is/are）现在分词（doing）的变形规则：‌一般动词加+ing‌：‌以不发音字母-e结尾‌：去掉-e，再加-ing。例如：make--making,write--writing,use--using。以辅元辅结尾，且最后一个字母是重读闭音节‌：双写末尾的辅音字母，然后加-ing。例如：run--running,swim--swimming,put--putting。‌以ie结尾‌：将ie改为y，再加-ing。例如：lie--lying,die--dying,tie--tying。时间状语（时间标志词）atthistime/atthismoment此时此刻now=rightnow现在感叹词！：Look！(一般是出现在对话中，所以容易使用现在进行时)It‘s+具体钟点。(一般容易出现在问答中，所以容易使用现在进行时)It‘steno'clock.WearehavingEnglishclass.句型转换肯定句转否定句在be动词后+not构成否定，doing不变Iamnotplayingcomputergames.肯定句转一般疑问句把be动词提前放主语前，doing在主语后Areyouplayingcomputergames？肯定句转特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句注意：在肯定句转特殊疑问句时，提问的内容的答案需要在肯定句中去掉，不能出现在转换后的特殊疑问句中值得注意的是：在含实意动词的句子中，如果是提问“做什么”，提问的内容的答案需要被ding代替。（看例句展示）非提问“做什么”肯定句：Iamdoinghomeworkathome.（划线部份机位提问的内容的答案）特殊疑问句：Whereareyoudoinghomework?提问“做什么”肯定句：TheyarehelpingMikewithhishomework.特殊疑问句：Whataretheydoing？（特殊疑问句中，用doing代替了肯定句中提问的“arehelpingMikewithhishomework”）句型转换都要注意：句型转换中，如果句中含有以下内容，都要注意同时也要变化some变成any（some有关的固定搭配除外，比如：dosomereading）some用于肯定句；表示委婉语气的疑问句any用于否定句和疑问句人称转换：（基本考察的都是“情况一”）适用于肯定句转一般疑问句和特殊疑问句情况一：肯定句：第一人称疑问句：变成第二人称情况二：肯定句：第二人称疑问句：变成第一人称常见人称转换you；we-you；me-you；us-you；our-your；my-your注意：第三人称在句型转换中不需要进行转换【巩固练习】根据句子填写所给动词的正确形式Heoften_____(read)booksinthelibrary.They_____(like)playingfootballafterschool.She_____(have)abigfamily.We_____(study)Englisheveryday.Myparents_____(watch)TVintheevening.Thecatseldom_____(sleep)intheafternoon.John_____(do)hishomeworknow,buthe_____(watch)TVafterfinishhishomework.Thesun_____(rise)intheeast.She_____(noteat)junkfoodbecauseshe_______(think)theyareunhealthy.They_____(notspeak)Frenchwhenthey_______(stay)inChina.I_____(go)totheparkwithmybestfriendsyesterday.He_____(buy)anewcarforhisyoungerbrotherlastweek.She_____(see)amoviethedaybeforeyesterdaybutit_______(be)soboring.We_____(eat)somedeliciouspizzafordinnerwithfamilymemberslastnight.They_____(visit)theirgrandparentslastyearbutthey________(notvisit)thembecauseofbusywork.Thedog_____(run)awayyesterdayafternoon.I_____(lose)mykeyslastTuesdayandI______(be)sosadafterthat.She_____(make)acakeforherbirthdaypartytendaysago.They_____(notcome)tothepartybecausetheywasbusyfortheirhomeworkproject.We_____(notplay)tennisafterschoolyesterday.I_____(go)onatripwithteachersandclassmatesnextmonth.He_____(buy)anewhouseforhisfamilynextyear.She_____(see)herdoctortomorrowbecauseshe________(fell)uncomfortablejustnow.We_____(have)apicnicinnatureparkthisweekend.They_____(visit)Europetolearnaboutforeigncultureintwentydayssothey________(be)soexcited.Thedog_____(run)intheparktomorrowmorning.I_____(finish)myprojectwithmyteammatesnextFriday..She_____(start)anewjobwithouttellingherparentsnextweek.They_____(notcome)tothemeetingbecauseofotherplansforworking.We_____(notgo)swimmingtomorrowbecausetheweather______(be)cooltomorrow.I_____(read)abookrightnowsoyoushouldn’tdisturbme.He_____(watch)TVcarefullyatthismomentwithoutnoticinghisparents.She_____(cook)dinnerand__________(prepare)somedeliciousfoodtotheguestsinthekitchennow.We_____(play)soccerwithclassmatesintheparkatthetime.Look!They_____(study)fortheirtest.Bequite.Thedog_____(sleep)onthecouch.I_____(nottalk)onthephone.I'mbusy.She_____(noteat)icecreamnow.She'sonadiet.They_____(notplay)videogamesatthemoment.They'redoinghomework.It’s9o’clock.We_____(notwatch)TV.We'rewatchingamovie.语法单选题Everymorning,Tom____histeethbeforebreakfast.A.brushesB.brushedC.willbrushD.isbrushingThesun____intheeastandsetsinthewest.A.risesB.roseC.willriseD.isrisingThey____Englishintheirschooleveryday.A.studyB.studiedC.willstudyD.arestudyingMyfamily____dinnertogethereveryevening.A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.ishavingShe____abookeverynightbeforegoingtobed.A.readsB.readC.willreadD.isreadingLastyear,we____toParisforvacation.A.goB.wentC.willgoD.aregoingYesterdayafternoon,I____alongwalkinthepark.A.tookB.takeC.willtakeD.amtakingThey____agreatconcertlastSaturdaynight.A.attendedB.attendC.willattendD.areattendingLastmonth,she____heroldcarandboughtanewone.A.soldB.sellsC.willsellD.issellingHe____acoldlastweekandstayedinbedfortwodays.A.caughtB.catchC.willcatchD.iscatchingTomorrow,I____anewjobinterview.A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.amhavingNextsummer,we____toJapanforamonth-longtrip.A.goB.wentC.willgoD.aregoingShe____herdriver'slicensenextmonth.A.getsB.gotC.willgetD.isgettingThey____abigpartyfortheiranniversarynextweek.A.haveB.hadC.willhaveD.arehavingBynextFriday,I____allmyassignments.A.willfinishB.finishedC.finishD.amfinishingRightnow,she____alettertoherfriend.A.writesB.wroteC.willwriteD.iswritingLook!Thechildren____intheplayground.A.playB.playedC.willplayD.areplayingListen!Thebirds____beautifullyinthetrees.A.singB.sangC.willsingD.aresingingAtthismoment,he____hislunch.A.eatsB.ateC.willeatD.iseatingWe____amovierightnow,sopleasebequiet.watchB.watchedC.willwatchD.arewatching根据题目要求进行句型转换MybrotherusuallywatchesfootballmatchesonTVeverySaturdayevening.否定句：Mybrother________usually______footballmatchesonTVeverySaturdayevening.一般疑问句：_______________brotherusually________________________onTVeverySaturdayevening?特殊疑问句：____________________brotherusually_______footballmatchesonTV?Studentscandiscusstheirassignmentsinthelibraryafterschool.否定句：Students________________theirassignmentsinthelibraryafterschool.一般疑问句：_______students______________assignmentsinthelibraryafterschool?特殊疑问句:_______________students________theirassignmentsafterschool?Ivisitedmygrandparentsanddosomereadingswiththemyesterday.否定句：I________________mygrandparentsand____________readingswiththemyesterday.一般疑问句：________________________________grandparentsand____________readingswiththemyesterday?特殊疑问句：________________________________withthemyesterday?Theyplayedtennisintheparkuntilitstartedrainingheavily.一般疑问句:______they________tennisintheparkuntilit________________heavily?一般疑问句的否定回答：_____,_____________.wearegoingtogoonavacationtothemountainsnextmonth.否定句：weare_____________to_______onavacationtothemountainsnextmonth.一般疑问句：______________going______________onavacationtothemountainsnextmonth.特殊疑问句：_______are_______goingto________nextmonth?Ourteamwillpresenttheprojecttoteacherstomorrow.否定句：_______team______________theprojecttoteacherstomorrow.一般疑问句：____________team______theprojecttoteacherstomorrow?一般疑问句的否定回答：_______,______________.特殊疑问句：