课时03.数词介词-2023中考英语四轮总复习（学生版）

第三课时介词和数词介词是历年中考的必考点，介词的考查主要集中在基本用法和习惯搭配上。常见考点如下：①介词辨析②介词的固定搭配(“动词＋介词”；“形容词＋介词”；“介词＋a/an/the/his/Jim’s＋名词”)考点一表示时间的介词1.at多用于具体钟点前,如:atseven,ataquartertoone;也可用于固定搭配中,如:atnoon,atnight。2.in表示一段时间,用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚上等前。如:inthetwentyfirstcentury在21世纪,inautumn在秋天,inthemorning在早上;还可用于表示“从现在起,多长时间以后或多久之后”的短语中。3.on主要用在星期几、具体某一天或具体某一天的早、中、晚或节日前。如:ontheMidAutumnFestival在中秋节onJune1st在6月1日4.since,from和for介词含义及用法例句since指从某时一直延续至今,后常接时间点,句子用完成时。Hehaslivedheresince1993.从1993年开始他一直住在这里。from说明开始时间,可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。Fromnowon,IwilllearnEnglisheverymorning.从今以后,每天早晨我将学英语。for指动作延续贯穿整个过程,后接时间段,句子用完成时。IhavestudiedEnglishforsixyears.我已经学英语六年了。题组训练用适当的介词填空①Mother’sDayisthesecondSundayinMay.

②Weusuallygettoschool7:40inthemorning.

③Herbirthdayiswinter,themostbeautifulseasoninayear.

④UncleWanghasworkedinthefactorytwentyyears.

⑤—Howsoonwillheeback?—amonth.

考点二表示方位的介词1.表示方位的in,on和toin表示在某一地区之内(属于该范围);on表示与某地的毗邻关系;to表示在某一地区之外(不属于该范围)。如:FujianProvinceisinthesoutheastofChina.福建省位于中国的东南部。ChinaistothewestofJapan.中国在日本的西边。2.over,above和on的用法(1)over有“正上方”“越过”“覆盖在上面”之意。Thereisabridgeovertheriver.这条河上有一座桥。(2)above指在上方,不一定表示正上方。如:Raiseyourhandsaboveyourhead.把你的手举过你的头。(3)on指在上面,表示两物体接触。如:Thereisacuponthetable.桌子上有一个杯子。图示记忆3.at,in和on的用法(1)at与较小的地点连用。如:atthebusstop,athome(2)in与较大的地点连用。如:inChina,intheworld(3)on表示在一个平面上。如:onthefarm4.infrontof,inthefrontof和before(1)infrontof表示“在……的前面”(范围外)。如:Therearesometreesinfrontoftheclassroom.教室前面有一些树。(2)inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”(范围内)。如:Puttheshortestflowersinthefrontofthebunch.把最短的花放在花束的靠前位置。(3)before所表示的位置关系和infrontof相同,表示“在……前面”。如:Hesitsbeforeme.他坐在我前面。5.below,underbelow表示“在……下方或位置低于……”,不一定有垂直在下之意;under表示“在……正下方”。如:Thecoatreachesbelowtheknees.这件外套到了膝盖下面。Hehidunderthebed.他藏在床底下。1.(2020福建,21)TheChinesesurveyteamremeasuredQomolangmasuccessfullyMay27,2020.

A.inB.onC.at2.(2019福建,22)—Isthatyourheadmaster?—Youmeanthemanblue?

A.onB.withC.in3.(2018福建,21)IwillgiveaTshirtmybrotherasabirthdaypresent.

A.byB.toC.from4.(2017福建,22)ChinasuccessfullyhostedtheBeltandRoadForumMay,2017.

A.onB.inC.by5.(2021龙岩二模,21)Lilyhelpedanoldwomanherwaytoschool.

A.onB.atC.in6.(2021南平二模,22)WorldBookDayiscelebratedApril23rdinmostcountries.

A.onB.inC.at7.(2021宁德二模,19)Asweknow,morethan80%ofChina’scottonisproducedXinjiangtheseyears.

A.inB.byC.for8.(2020福州质检,23)—Doyouknowthegirllonghair?

—Yes.SheisKate.A.inB.withC.behind9.(2020龙岩质检,21)—MayIhaveaseatthewindow?

—OK.A.byB.onC.in10.(2017福建,84)SoitisaspecialholidayChinesepeopletoshowloveandrespectfortheirelders.

11.(2021泉州二模,83)Ifthepeopleweredissatisfied,theycouldeasilyfighttheruler.

12.(2021厦门二模,83)FiveOxenwaspaintedHanHuang,afamouspainterintheTangDynasty.

13.(2018福建,88)Whenhetestedahomemadepartinhisbathroom,itshotwater/əˈkrɒs/theroom.

考点三介词的固定搭配介词在实际运用中常常和名词、动词、形容词等词类构成固定搭配,这些固定搭配在句子中经常出现。1.介词与名词的固定搭配onone’own独自 inaword总而言之inlife一生中 intime及时atsea在海上 ontime准时,按时intown在城里 onfoot步行inEnglish用英语 inalowvoice小声地inthedistance在远处 inpublic公开地inthemiddleof...在……中间introuble处于困境 ofcourse当然(可以)infact事实上 insurprise惊奇地inahurry匆忙,急忙 inthestreet在街上bytheway顺便说 atthemeeting在会上intheend最后 inspace在太空inorder有序;整齐 ondisplay陈列;展出intheday在白天 atthefootof在……脚下atthetable在桌子旁 atschool在上学onshow在展出 daybyday一天天,逐日insilence安静地 atthebackof在……后面inthisway用这种方法outofbreath上气不接下气atthesametime同时onone’swayto……在某人去……的路上byhand手工;(信件)亲手交付bytheendof到……结束时 intheair在空气中outofsight消失;看不见 onduty值日outofwork失业ontheleft/right在左/右边ontheothersideof在……的另一边toone’ssurprise/joy使某人吃惊/高兴的是2.介词与形容词的固定搭配carefulabout小心 sureabout/of肯定certainabout/of确定goodat擅长 goodfor对……有好处surprisedat对……吃惊famous/knownfor因……而出名readyfor为……做好了准备latefor迟到differentfrom与……不同successfulin在……成功interestedin对……感兴趣disappointedin对……失望proudof为……感到骄傲tiredof厌倦afraidof害怕shortof短缺fullof充满similarto与……相似familiarto为……所熟悉satisfiedwith对……满意busywith忙于friendlyto对……友好angrywith生……的气strictwithsb.对某人要求严格3.介词与动词的固定搭配laughat嘲笑takepartin参加thinkof想出;想起goonwith继续worryabout为……担心lookafter照顾,照料looklike看起来像lookfor寻找hearfrom收到……的来信listento听arrivein到达(大地方)arriveat到达(小地方)getto到达waitfor等候agreewith同意,赞同thinkabout考虑到catchupwith赶上,追上efrom来自payfor付钱买……shoutat对……叫嚷talkabout谈论playwith与……玩耍pointat指向pointto指出;暗示hearof听说lookforwardto盼望dowellin在……学/做得好fallbehind落后askfor要求,请求takeaway拿走,带走o...把……变成……help...with...帮助……做……take/catchholdof抓住decideon决定takecareof照顾handin上交havenothingtodowith与……无关baseon以……为根据keep...outof不让……进入leavefor离开去(另一个地方)talkto/with与……谈话goinfor爱好,对……感兴趣lookat看dealwith处理dependon依靠,依赖;取决于tie...to...把……系在……上passon传递smileat对……微笑believein信任belongto属于lookaround向四周看writeto给……写信regard...as...把……看作……1.(2021福建,30)fire,weshouldstaycalmandleaveasquicklyaspossible.

A.IncaseofB.Inneedof C.Insearchof2.(2018福建,27)Bluewhalesare.Weshouldtrytoprotectthem.

A.intimeB.inpublicC.indanger3.(2021漳州二模,32)Theinstructionstelluseverythingabouthowtomakethemodelrocket.

A.indetailB.ingeneralC.inperson4.(2020厦门海沧二模,23)—Jenny,what’sthematter?Youlookangry.—I’mreallymadmylittlebrother.Hedrewapiginmybook.

A.inB.atC.on5.(2020厦门集美二模,22)TomwaswatchingTVwhentherainbegantobeatheavilythewindows.

A.acrossB.onC.against6.(2021福建,87)Taichiisafunexercise,easytolearn,andyoudon’thavetobegoodittoenjoyit.

7.(2020福建,86)Andtheywerechangedgoldengrains(谷粒)ofrice.

8.(2019福建,83)Thisallchanged,thanksamannamedCaiLun.

9.(2021龙岩二模,82)WuyiMountainliesthenorthofFujianProvince.

10.(2021福州二模,81)Theyopeneditandfounditwasfullletters,poems,picturesandothersmallthings.

综合练1.(2021江苏扬州,3改编)China’sfirstMarsrover,Zhurong,toucheddownontheRedPlanetMay15,2021.

A.onB.inC.at2.(2021安徽,24改编)Ourcountryhasmadegreatprogressinthefightblueskiesandclearwaters.

A.forB.againstC.between3.(2021海南,27)Sansha,abeautifulcity,liesthesouthofChina.

A.inB.onC.to4.(2021河北,31改编)Ieatricebeefandpotatoes.It’sdelicious.

A.inB.withC.for5.(2021云南昆明,21改编)Since1921,themunistPartyofChina(中国共产党)hasbeenleadingtheChinesepeopleabetterlife.

A.of B.on C.to6.(2021辽宁本溪,4改编)Cathyalwaysmakesgooduseofhertimetostudy,evenherlunchbreak.

A.around B.during C.from7.(2021内蒙古包头,22改编)—What’sthemostexcitingholidayyou’veeverbeen?

—Forme,itwasatriptoIcelandwithmyfamilytoseetheNorthernLights.A.in B.on C.to8.(2021天津,24改编)Annaistallerthanme.Shesitsmeintheclassroom.

A.between B.behindC.among9.(2021甘肃武威,7改编)Weleftsuchahurrythatweforgotourtickets.

A.on B.for C.in10.(2021广东,34改编)Thebridgerunstwomountains.

A.under B.among C.between11.(2021浙江温州,5改编)KatefeltexcitedtoseeagroupofsheepwalkingherintoavillageinQinghai.

A.over B.past C.across12.(2021重庆,22改编)TheTianwen1ProbelandedonMarsMay15th,2021.

A.at B.in C.on13.(2021江苏泰州,3改编)It’sreportedthatpeoplewithcollegeeducationcanmakemoremoneythanthosewithout.

A.ingeneral B.inpublic C.intime14.(2021湖北武汉,32改编)—Icouldtellthelookonherfacethatsomethingexcitinghadhappened.

—Exactly!A.on B.with C.by15.(2021湖南湘潭,24)—Howdoyoustudyforatest,Eric?—Istudyworkingwithagroup.

A.by B.with C.in数词数词单独考查较少，常和主谓一致及语篇相结合。①基数词②序数词③分数/百分数④倍数基数词考点：拼写：112；1319(teen);整十(ty);1.确数及概数表达：确数：数字+hundred/thousand/million/billion概数：hundredsof成百上千/thousandsof成千上万millionsof数以百万计/billionsof数以十亿(记忆口诀：有数字无S,有S有of)2.inone’s+整十复数：某人多少岁左右Eg:inhistwenties在他20岁左右3.复合形容词：数词+连字符+名词单数+形容词Eg：Heisaneightyearoldboy.八岁的男孩/Iameightyeasold.4.时刻表达：顺读法/逆读法(past过/to差)5:20/6:555.年代表达：inthe1980s20世纪80年代(数字+1中文1)6.基数词表顺序：名词+基数词(大写)=the+序数词+名词Eg:ClassTwo=thesecondclass二班1.Everyyear,booksaredonatedtothechildreninpoorareas.

A.million B.millionsC.millionsof D.millionof2.TherearemanyoldpeoplewhoareoverahyearsoldinHainan.

3.WendyoncespentayearinLosAngelesforfurtherstudyinher.(forty)

序数词考点：拼写：(th)特殊(必记)：first;second;third;fifth;eighth;ninth;twelfth;1.第几十表达(ieth)：twentytwentieth;thirtythirtieth;fiftyfiftieth2.the+序数词；如果有形容词性物主代词/名词所有格，省略the。3.a/an+序数词：“又一，再一”:asecondtime4.分数表达：巧记口诀：子基母序，分子大于1分母加S2/5:twofifths特殊表达：1/2:ahalf;1/4:aquarter/onefourth;3/4:threequarters5.小数： 点：point Eg:5.2fivepointtwo6.百分数：%：percent Eg:50%:fiftypercent7.加减乘除:plus(加)；minus(减)；multiplied(乘);divided(除)Eg：Sixmultipliedbyfouris/equalstwentyfour.Twentysevendividedbynineis/equalsthree.注意：one→first(第一)/once(一次);two→second(第二)/twice(两次)1.OurPartywasfoundedin1921.We’llcelebrateherbirthdayonJuly1stthisyear.

A.onehundred B.onehundredth C.theonehundredth2.PengMingfinallybecamethewinnerofseasonofCCTVsChinesePoetryConference.

A.five B.fifthC.thefifth D.fifths3.Somelanternshaveriddles(谜语)onthem,whichencouragepeopletotrytobetheftofindtheanswer.

4.I’mnotsurehowIfeelaboutthat,withmybirthdaying.(第十八)

5.Themanager’sroomisrightabovemine.It’sonthe(three)floor.

考点三分数用法一、分数表示法1.分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子,序数词作分母,分子大于1时,序数词要用复数形式。如:3/4threefourths或threequarters1/3onethird或athird24/25twentyfourtwentyfifths3141/2ahalf1/4onequarter或aquarter1122.当分数后面接名词时,如果分数表示的值大于1,名词用复数;小于1,名词用单数。如:1122344/5meter五分之四米5/6inch六分之五英寸1.ThegravityonMarsisonlyaboutofthatontheEarth.

A.threeeights B.thirdeightsC.threeeighths D.thirdeighths2.—Mum,ofmyclassmatesglasses.

—Oh,myGod.Youneedtoprotectyoureyeswell.A.threefourths;wears B.threefourth;wearC.threefourth;wears D.threefourths;wear随堂练习一、语法选择Theworld'slongestcrossseabridge—theHongKongZhuhaiMacaoBridge(HZMB)—openedon1.TheGuardiandescribeditasoneofthe“2wondersofthemodernworld”.

Construction(施工)ontheHZMBbegan3andcostabout4yuan.ThebridgelinksHongKongandMacaototheChinesemainlandcityofZhuhai,CGTNreported.

TheHZMBisuniqueinmanyways.It'sdesignedtohaveaservicelifeof120years,5thanmostbridges.

Inonesection,thebridgeturnsintoa6underseatunnelthatpassesthroughtwomanmadeislands.Thetunnelistheworld'slongestunderseatunnelforroadtraffic,allowinglargeshipstocontinuepassingthroughtheseaareainthetunnel.

Thebridge'sengineershadtocons