Unit3-2023-2024学年八年级英语上册单元速记巧练（牛津上海版）（原卷版）

Unit3PetsPets话题宠物词汇opinion,responsibility,death,respect,aithfully,mess,result,bite,extremely,unhappy短语fromsidetoside从左到右growup成长；长大accordingto据（……所说）carefor关爱asaresult因此；结果stop…from阻止某事发生what'smore而且payfor为……付钱句型it作形式主语主要用于下列两种情况1)It+is/was+adj./n.（形容词或名词）+todosth.2)It十v.+todosth.语法被动语态（二）考点1.opinionn.意见，想法，看法【例题】Theopinionisacceptedastrue.这个意见被认为是正确的。【拓展】inone'sopinion依某人的看法e.g.Inmyopinion,thesecondviewisonesidedandpartial.我认为，第2种看法是片面的。考点2.responsibilityn.责任，负责【例题】Ididitonmyownresponsibility(=withoutbeingtoldtoandbeingwillingtotaketheblameifithadgonewrong).我做的这件事，由我自己负责。【拓展】beresponsiblefor对…负责e.g.MyfatherisresponsibleforabigdepartmentstoreinShanghai.考点3. deathn.死亡【例句】Caraccidentshavecausedmanydeaths.车祸造成了许多人死亡。death的动词形式是dieHebecameveryillandthenhedied.他病得很重，接着就死了。【拓展】dieof死于（疾病、过度悲伤等）Peoplearedyingofcancermoreandmoreoften.死于癌症的人越来越多了。diefrom死于（某种原因，不包括疾病、过度悲伤等）Inaseverewinter,wildanimalscandiefromlackoffood.在寒冷的冬天，野兽可能因为缺乏食物而饿死。考点4.respectn.＆v.尊重，慎重对待【例句】Thenewteachersoonwontherespectofhisstudents.这位新来的老师很快就赢得了学生们的尊重。【拓展】respectableadj.值得尊敬的考点5.faithfullyadv.忠实地，忠诚地【例句】Healwaysperformshisdutiesfaithfully.他一贯忠实地履行自己的职责。【拓展】faithn.信仰，信任e.g.Faiththatjusticewouldprevailimpelledusforward.正义必胜的信念激励着我们前进。faithfuladj.忠实的，守信的e.g.Weareallfaithfulllistenerstotheprogram.我们都是这档节目的忠实听众。考点6.unhappyadj.不快乐的，不幸福的；悲伤的【例句】Forallthiswealth,hewasunhappy.尽管他富有，但他并不幸福。【拓展】否定前缀un加在名词，形容词，副词之前如：unfinished（未完成的）undoubted（无疑的），unhappy(不快乐的)类似的否定前缀in加在形容词，名词之前如：incorrect(不正确的)，inability(无能，无力)，inaccurate(不准确的)im加在字母m，b，p之前如：impossible（不可能的），impolite（不礼貌的）考点7.fromsidetoside从左到右【例句】Theshiprolledfromsidetoside.船左右摇晃。【拓展】sidebyside肩并肩地；一起e.g.Thetwochildrenarewalkingsidebyside.那两个孩子肩并肩地走着。考点8.carefor关爱【例句】Youngpeopleshouldlearntocareforothers.年轻人应该学会关爱他人。【拓展】takecareof照顾e.gTheyappointedhertotakecareofthatoldman.他们委派她照顾那位老人。careabout喜欢e.g.Ireallycareaboutthestudentsinmyclass.我的确喜欢这个班上的学生。考点9.asaresult因此；结果【例句】Asaresult,hehadtoleave.结果他只得离开。【拓展】resultfrom起因于e.g.Hisillnessresultedfrombadfood.他的病是由于吃了变质的食物所致。resultin结果；导致是e.g.Theirdisputeresultedinwar.他们的争端导致了战争。考点10.stop…from阻止某事发生【例句】Theguardstoppedhimfromgoingthroughthegate.警卫不让他通过大门。【拓展】stoptodosth.与stopdoingsth.stoptodosth.停止、中断（某件事），目的是去做另一件事e.g.Theystoppedtoworkandhavearest.他们停下来工作并休息了一会儿。stopdoingsth.停下正在做的事Pleasestopspeaking.It’stimetobeginourclass.请肃静，上课时间到了。考点11.payfor为……付钱【例句】Ihavetopay150dollarsforthesewingmachine.我得花150美元买这台缝纫机。【拓展】spend,take,pay,cost四者都可表示“花费”(1)spend的主语通常是人，往往用于以下句型：(sb)spendsomemoney/sometimeonsth.(sb)spendsomemoney/sometime(in)doingsth.e.g.Ispentfiftyyuanonthecoat.=Ispentfiftyyuan(in)buyingthecoat.我花50元买了这件大衣。(2)take常用于“占用、花费”时间，其主话通常为形式主语“it"或物。句式是：Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth=Sth.takessb.sometime.e.g.Ittookmethreeyearstodrawthebeautifulhorses.画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。Theworkwilltakemetwodays.这项工作花了2天时间。(3)pay为“付款，赔偿”之意，主语通常是人，往往是sb．payssomemoneyforsth或paysb．(somemoneyforsth)e.g.Ipaidfiftyyuanforthecoat.我花50元买了这件大衣。(4)cost的主语必须是某物。动词cost的常用用法是sth.cost(sb.)somemoney。e.g.Thedictionarycostme$20.这本字典花了我20美元。语法精讲——被动语态（二）模块模块四双宾语结构的被动转换双宾语结构的转换原则Hegaveherarose.=Hegavearosetoher.Arose.(物做主语有介词)She.(人做主语无介词)★小试身手★请改写下列句子，保持句意不变：MyfatherboughtmeaMiniCooper.物做主语：人做主语：Thewaiterhasnotbroughtusthecoffee.物做主语：人做主语：♥Attention♥以下动词与介词to搭配award,bring,give,hand,leave,lend,mail,play,post,promise,pass,read,return,remend（推荐）,sell,send,serve（招待）,show,sing,take,teach,tell,throw,write以下动词与介词for搭配boil,book,bring,build,buy,call,catch,change,choose,cook,cut,do,draw,fetch,find,fix,gather,get,keep,leave,make,order,pick,prepare,reserve（预留）,sing,save★小试身手★请用括号里的词翻译句子：这个房间是为史密斯一家预定的。(reserve)你不要指望任何人能为了你而变化。(change)模块模块五不能使用被动语态的词和词组不及物动词及短语出现死消失躺升起同意属于爆发由…组成赶上发生静态动词变成有益于等于失败包含缺少持续意味着值…钱适合模块模块六常见主动语态表被动的词和词组常见系动词：smell,sound,taste,feel,look,seem,appear,prove井水尝起来好甜。Thewellwater这块丝绸布料摸起来很光滑。Thissilk一些动词在主动表示被动时，通常和well等副词连用，这些动词有：clean/cut/cook/draw/play/read/sell/wash/wear/write/run/ride+well这支笔很好写。Thispen这幅眼镜戴起来很舒服。Thispairofglasses用动名词的主动形式来代替被动，这类动词主要有：want/need/require/deserve+doing=want/need/requiretobedone孩子们需要照看。Thechildren你值得拥有这些奖励。Youbeworthdoingsth.某事值得做Anythingworthdoingisworthdoingwell.be+adj.+todo当这个句型的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，我们一般用主动表被动。Englishishardtolearn.（English是tolearn的逻辑宾语，所以不用被动。）这本书很难跟上。(follow)他说的话很容易理解。(Whathesaid)模块模块七havesth.done的双重含义某事被别人完成你多久剪一次头发？Howoftendoyou某人的一种经历我昨晚把手臂摔断了。Iyesterday.①9AU3单词表序号英文音标词性中文1从左到右2/əˈpɪnjən/n.想法；看法；意见3/kjuːt/adj.可爱的；漂亮迷人的4成长；长大5/rɪˌspɒnsɪˈbɪlətɪ/n.责任6prep.据……所说7/deθ/n.死；死亡8关爱9/rɪˈspekt/v.慎重对待；尊重10/ˈfeɪθfəlɪ/adv.忠实地；忠诚地11依某人的看法12n.杂乱；粪便13/fɜːr/n.（动物的）毛皮14/rɪˈzʌlt/n.后果；结果15因此；结果16/baɪt/v.咬17而且18/ɪkˈstriːmlɪ/adv.极其；非常19/ʌnˈhæpɪ/adj.不快乐的；不幸福的；悲伤的20把（某物）内部彻底打扫干净21立即；马上22/səˈpraɪzd/adj.惊讶的23/ʃɒkt/adj.震惊的24/ˈsælərɪ/n.薪金；薪水25/ˈsɜːtən/adj.一定（量）26/ˈɡəʊldfɪʃ/n.金鱼27立即；马上28/əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/v.道歉29投诉30有问题；有毛病31/rɪˈvjuː/n.（书刊、戏剧、电影等的）评论32不但……而且②9AU3词性转换整理注意：阴影部分的单词是教材中出现的，打“※”的是非考纲单词1adj.可怕的adv.极其2v.道歉n.道歉3v.抱怨；投诉n.抱怨；投诉4v.创造；造成adj.有创造力的n.创造力5n.危险adj.危险的6adj.极大的adv.非常，极其7n.信任，信心adj.忠诚的；忠实的adv.忠实地；忠诚地8v.使害怕adj.受惊吓的；吃惊的adj.恐怖的9n.黄金adj.金色的10adj.规则的，经常adv.经常11n.毒，毒药，毒物adj.有毒的12adj.负责的，有责任心的n.责任13v.招待（顾客等），为……服务n.服务；公用事业n.仆人，佣人14adj.可怕的，糟糕的adv.极其PracticePractice一、阅读单选Bycarefullychoosingdogparents,humanshavecreatedmanydifferentkindsofdogs.Eachkindhasitsownlookandtalents,anditsownrolewithinhumansociety.Herearethreeexamplesof“adog’slife”inthehumanworld.Today,manyhospitalsletspeciallytraineddogsintobringloveandcheertopatients.Shayneeisatherapy(治疗)dog.Shevisitschildrenwhoareinhospital.DogslikeShayneehelppatientsfeelcalmandatpeace,whichcanbehardinabusyhospital.Theyhelpbothchildrenandadultsstaystrongduringlonghospitalstays,andevenhelpthemgetbetter.Somebeagles(小猎犬)workinairportsforthegovernmentnow.TheyarepartoftheprogramcalledtheBeagleBrigade.Abeagleisgoodfortheworkbecauseofitspowerfulnose,andabilitytofollowsmells.TheBeagleBrigade’sjobistosmelleverythingthatesintothecountry.Theymakeofficersnoticeillegalfruits,vegetables,andotherfoodsinluggageorinmail.Thebeaglesdothejobfarbetterthananyhumancould.Whilesomedogsareworkinghard,othersarefreetospendtheirdaysrestingandplaying.Acrosstheworld,manypetdogsaretreatedlikechildren.Manyhavetheirownroomsandallthethingsadogcouldwant.Someevenhavetheirownclothes.Manyofthesepetsspendtheirdaysplaying,learningtofollow,orevengoingtoclasses.Theirownersgivethemthebest,andenjoydoingso.Whetherasworkersorobjectsofaffection(钟情),dogshavebeehelpfultohumansinmanyways.Thereareplentyofadvantagesforthedog,too.ManykindsofwilddogshavenearlydisappearedfromtheEarth.However,thedomesticdog’sspecialplaceas“man’sbestfriend”hasallowedittosurviveinahumanworld.1．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?A．Hospitalsneedmanyspecialandhelpfuldogs. B．Dogscantakecareofpatients.C．Patientsneedloveinthehospital. D．Doctorsaretoobusytoseepatients.2．WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?A．Abeagleusesitsspecialnosetowork.B．Beaglescanfindoutillegalfoodsfromothercountries.C．Somepetdogsaretheirowner’schildren.D．Differentdogshavetheirdifferentlivingstylesinhumansociety.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“domestic”inParagraph5mean?A．Trained. B．Smart. C．Wild. D．Valuable.4．What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A．Toaskpeopletotreatdogsastheirownkids.B．Toexplainwhyhumansneedbeaglesintheirwork.C．Totellpeopleaboutthehistoryofdogs’development.D．Toshowagoodrelationshipbetweendogsandhumans.5．Whatisthestructure(结构)ofthepassage?(P＝Paragraph)A． B．C． D．“MomIwantacat,”or“MomIwantadog,”or“MomIwanta…”aremonwordsthatparentsmayhearfromtheirchildrenmorethanonce.However,therearemanyarguments（争论）forandagainstchildrenowningpets.Thefirstargumentthatsupportspetownershipbychildrenisthattheyhelptokeepchildrenpany.Whenchildrenehomefromschool,petsarealwaystheretogreetthem.Theylovechildrenandalwayswanttoplay.Asaresult,childrenwillbelesslikelytoexperienceloneliness.Theywillalsohelptokeepchildrenactiveastheywillneedtobewalkedandplayedwitheveryday.Secondly,owningapetencourageschildrentolearnnewresponsibilities（责任）.Petsneedtobelookedafterandbetakencareofeveryday.Childrenwilllearndifferentskillsthattheycanuselaterinlife.Forexample,washingandfeedingpetsarebasicskillstolearn.Learningtheseresponsibilitieswillmakesurethatchildrenwillbeabletolookafterthemselves,andpossiblytheirchildrenoneday.Ontheotherhand,somepetscanbedangerous.Somedogs,forexample,arelikelytobite,andchildrenmaybeescaredofanimalsasaresultofthishappeningtothem.Catsalsolookverysoftandlovely,buttheydohaveverysharpclaws.Iftheyaretreatedinthewrongway,catscanusetheirclawstohurtothers.Inaddition,petsneedagreatdealofmaintenance（维护）.Manypetsneedtobeoftenexercisedandbathed.Asaresultofthis,childrenmaypaylessattentiontotheirstudiesbecausetheyaretoobusyworryingabouttheirpetsanditswellbeing.Afurtherargumentagainstpetownershipisthatpetsarecostly;buyingfoodandmaintainingtheircareisnotcheap.Finally,thecostofowningonefallsonparents,andasaresult,childrendon’tfullyunderstandtheresponsibilityofhavingone.6．Whichofthefollowinginthedictionarybestexplainstheunderlinedword“pany”?A．abusinessorganizationthatmakesorsellsgoodsorservicesB．thefactofbeingwithsomebodyelseandnotaloneC．agroupofpeoplewhoworkorperformtogetherD．asocialorbusinessvisitor7．Accordingtothetext,whatmaypeoplewhoareagainstchildrenowningapetworryabout?A．Children’ssafety. B．Children’slifeskills.C．Children’shealth. D．Children’sresponsibilities.8．What’sthewriter’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tointroducehowtotakegoodcareofapet.B．Tosolvetheproblemofchildrenowningapet.C．Tolistthedisadvantagesofchildrenowningapet.D．Toshowdifferentopinionsonchildrenowningapet.9．Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthetext?A． B． C． D．二、阅读回答问题阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容，简要回答下列问题。LukeAndersonisblind.Sohecan’tseethingswithhisowneyes.ButhehasaseeingeyedogcalledSpeedy.Speedyiswelltrainedtohelptheblind.Speedycantakehimtowherehewantstogo.Mr.Andersonisdisabled,butitisn’tabigproblem.Hehasagoodjobandheisabletomakemoneybyhimself.Mr.Andersonsellsbrooms（扫把）topeopleinthispartofthecity.HehasworkedeverydayexceptSundayforfortyyears.Afterhisbreakfast,Mr.AndersonholdsSpeedy,carriesbroomsandsellsfromhousetohouse.PeoplechooseabroomandtheypayhimwhenSpeedysitsandwaitsbesidehismaster!Ittakesfourandonehalfmonthstowalktoeveryhouseinthispartofthecity.SoMr.Andersonvisitseachhouseeveryfourmonths,andbythenpeopleareusuallyreadytobuynewbrooms.Butthesedayshehasaproblem.Hisbroomslastsolongthatsometimestheyarestillgoodafterfourmonths.Thennobodyneedstobuyanewone.Mr.Andersonlikeshisjobandisproud（自豪的）ofhisbrooms.Hepicksupanewsupply（供给）ofbroomseveryweek.Hesays,“Ifyoudon’tsellpeoplesomethinggood,they’renotgoingtobuyfromyouthesecondtimeyouearound.”10．IsthereanythingwrongwithAnderson’seyes?11．WhatdoesMr.Andersondotoearnmoney?12．HowlonghasMr.Andersonsoldbrooms?13．Wholeadshimeverywheretodohisbusiness?14．AccordingtoMr.Anderson,whatwillpeopledoif