被动语态复习不定式被动语态

被动语态复习不定式被动语态英语得谓语动词有两种语态WespeakEnglish、主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus、主语谓语宾语宾变主,主变宾,前加by动变被,看清be,结构分别be+pp主动语态被动语态种类时态构成用法标志性时间状语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时sbdo/does1、表示经常发生得动作和存在得状态2、客观事实和普遍真理always,often,never,sometimes,usually,seldom,everyday,onceamonth,

1、was/were2、v得过去式表示过去某个时间里发生得动作和存在得状态yesterday,lastnight,---ago,justnow,lastyear,in1999,

when,before,after,until,assoonas表示过去得时间状语从句。1、助动词shall/will+v原形2、begoingto+v原形表示将来某个时间要发生得动作或打算要做得事。tomorrow,nextyear,intwoweeks,later,soon,beforelong,in2010,fromnowonbe(am,is,are)+ving表示说话时正在进行得动作或发生得动词look,listen,now,thesedays,atpresent,thisweek,at8:00种类时态构成用法标志性时间状语过去将来时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时表示过去某一时间正在发生与进行得动作was/were+vingthistimeyesterday,atthattime,at9:00yesterdayhave/has+ved过去发生得动作对现在造成得影响过去得动作持续到现在,并有可能还要延续had+ved表示过去某时为止或过去某个时间之前已经发生完成得动作

bytheendof+过去时间,when,before+从句(过去式)

already,yet,just,ever,never,once,for,sincewould+v原形Was/weregoingto+v原形表示在过去看来将要发生得动作或存在得状态常用在主句就是过去式宾语从句中Exercise:Water______(freeze)atthetemperature0、Theair_____(keep)movingallthetime、Thetown_____(lie)tothewestofthehill、I_______(believe)you________tellthetruthnow、--____myson__________(work)hardthisterm?--Oh,yes,he_________(try)hisbestnow、6、______thehat_______(fit)mewell?7、–Whathashappenedtothefish,Mary?--Mum,thecat______(eat)thefish、Justnowthecat_____(jump)ontothetableand_____(eat)itup、8、Sam____(live)inthesmalltownforfiveyearsduringthewar、9、ItisagessinceIlast____(see)you、You___(grow)taller、10、Hewon’ttelluswherehe______(get)thebook、freezeskeepsliesbelievearetellingIsworkingistryingDoesfithaseatenjumpedatelivedsawhavegrowngot常见得几种被动语态有:(1)一般现在时得被动语态:am/is/are+done一般现在时:do/does(2)一般过去时得被动语态:was/were+done一般过去时:did(3)一般将来时得被动语态:will/shall+bedone一般将来时:will/shall+do(4)过去将来时得被动语态:would/should+bedone过去将来时:would/should+dobe+done(5)现在进行时得被动语态:am/is/are+beingdone现在进行时:is/am/are+doing(6)过去进行时态得被动语态:was/were+beingdone过去进行时:was/were+doing(7)现在完成时得被动语态:have/has+beendone现在完成时:have/has+done(8)过去完成时得被动语态:had+beendone过去完成时:had+donebe+done一般现在时:am/is/aredone一般过去时:was/weredone现在进行时:am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时:was/werebeingdone现在完成时:have/hasbeendone过去完成时:hadbeendone一般将来时:shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone过去将来时wouldbedone;was/weregoingtobedone当句中含有情态动词时,句子结构为can/mustbedone各种时态得被动语态:时态意义标志词语构成被动语态一般现在时Thepresenttense经常性,习惯性得动作,存在得状态,或客观事实、everyday,usually,always,sometimes,often,onceaweek主语+V原(当主语就是第三人称时,V+s或es)主语+am/is/are+V过分现在进行时Thepresentcontinuoustense现在正在发生得动作now,look,listen,atthismoment,rightnow,atpresent主语+am/is/are+doing主语+am/is/are+being+V过分过去进行时Thepastcontinuoustense表示在过去一个时间点或时间短中正在发生得动作atthattime,then,atthatmoment主语+was/were+doing主语+was/were+being+V过分一般将来时Thefuturetense表示将来某时发生得动作或情况tomorrow,soon,nextmonth/week,inaweek主语+will/shall+V原主语+will/shall+be+V过分过去将来时Thepastfuturetense表示从过去得某一时间看将要发生得动作或存在得状态twodayslater,thenextweek,thefollowingweek主语+would/should+V原主语+would/should+be+V过分一般过去时Thepasttense过去某时发生得动作或情况yesterday,ago,lastyear/week主语+V过(V+ed,还有一些不规则变化得动词

主语+was/were+V过分现在完成时

Thepresentperfecttense表示在过去已发生或已完成,但与现在情况有联系得动作或状态already,just,yet,ever,recently,forthreedays,since1998,inthepast20years主语+have/has+V过分主语+have/has+been+V过分过去完成时Thepastperfecttense表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经发生或完成得动作(过去得过去)bytheendoflastyear/term主语+had+V过分主语+had+been+V过分Thebridge

(build)lastyear、TheOlympicGames

(hold)everyfouryears、Theproblem

(discuss)atthemeetingnow、Hisnewbook

(publish)nextmonth、Theclassroom

(notclean)yet、

6、Themachine

(repair)atthistimeyesterday、7、Shesaidthereport

(type)byLiMeifortwoweeks、8、MissLisaidthebook

(give)tothestudentsthenextmorning、9、BytheendofnexttermtwothousandEnglishwords

(learn)、10、Hesaidtheproject

(finish)by2010、wasbuilt

areheldisbeingdiscussed

willbepublished

hasnotbeencleaned

wasbeingrepairedhadbeentypedwouldbegiven

willhavebeenlearnedwouldhavebeenfinished

大家学习辛苦了，还是要坚持继续保持安静Thebridge

(build)lastyear、TheOlympicGames

(hold)everyfouryears、Theproblem

(discuss)atthemeetingnow、

Hisnewbook

(publish)nextmonth、Theclassroom

(notclean)yet、

6、Themachine

(repair)atthistimeyesterday、7、Shesaidthereport

(type)byLiMeifortwoweeks、8、MissLisaidthebook

(give)tothestudentsthenextmorning、9、BytheendofnexttermtwothousandEnglishwords

(learn)、10、Hesaidtheproject

(finish)by2010、wasbuilt

areheldisbeingdiscussed

willbepublished

hasnotbeencleaned

wasbeingrepairedhadbeentypedwouldbegiven

willhavebeenlearnedwouldhavebeenfinished

1、不及物动词没有被动语态。

如:belong,happen,takeplace,last,etrue,remain,succeed,fall,die,arrive,等。

*Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity、

*Thatbikedoesn’tbelongtoMike、

不用被动语态得几种情况:表示“发生、进行”得不及物动词\短语,如:happen,last,takeplace,breakout,eout,eabout,etrue,runout,giveout,turnout等以主动表示被动例:1、Howlongdiditlast?2、GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinShanghaiinthelastfewyears、3、Iwishmydreamwouldetrue、不用被动语态得几种情况:2、表示静态得及物动词不用被动语态have/fitIhaveaTVset、Thecoatfitsmewell、不用被动语态得几种情况:3、系动词没有被动态和进行时态这鱼味道很好。这条围巾摸上去很软。Thefishtastesgood、Thescarffeelssoft、break,catch,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash等,当她们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式表达被动意义,主语通常就是物。4、某些动词形式就是主动,但含有被动得意思。这书很好卖。这种布很好洗。Thebooksellswell、Thiskindofclothwashesverywell、这书卖完了。Thebookissoldout、5、Itissaidthat+从句及其她类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”得动词如

believe,consider,expect,report,say,suppose,think等可用于句型

“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”

或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋todosth、”Itissaidthat…据说,Itisreportedthat…据报道,Itisbelievedthat…大家相信,Itishopedthat…大家希望,Itiswellknownthat…众所周知,Itisthoughtthat…大家认为,Itissuggestedthat…据建议。例:Itissaidthattheboyhaspassedtheexam、Theboyissaidtohavepassedtheexam、语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing/完成进行式tohavebeendoing/

动词不定式得被动语态

思考:动词在句子中一般做什么成分？谓语非谓语动词动词不定式to+动词原形

判断下列句子中得动词就是谓语还就是非谓语1、Helikes

toplaybasketball、2、Ihavealotofthingstodothisafternoon、

3、Hepretended

tobereadingwhenIcamein、4、TomsaidthathewasveryhappytohearthenewswhichwastoldbyMary、非非非谓谓谓谓非谓谓谓1、Hepretended(假装)tobereading、2、ItisimportantforustostudyEnglishwell、3、Toseeistobelieve、4、Hespokeloudlytobeheard、5、Thestudentsweremadetodotheirhomeworkafterclass、6、Ihavenochancetogoabroad、

下列句子中画线部分都就是什么？在句中做什么成分？(主、宾、宾补、定、表、状)宾主主表状宾补定

语态时态

一般式

完成式

进行式完成进行式不定式得时态和语态

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------主动语态被动语态(not)(not)1、Ihavesomedishes(餐具)____________(wash)inthekitchen、Sentencemakingwashtobewashed

Practicemakesperfect!【考点】tobedone2、Thehouseis__________(sell)、tobesoldsell24receive4、Iexpectthemail________________(receive)quickly、tobe3、Thesingerrefused____________________(photograph)、photographedphotographreceivedtobe5、Hehadtoshout____________(hear)、5heartobeheard6、Itisunlucky___________(see)bysuchabiganimal、tobeseensee6

在下列情况中用不定式得主动形式表示被动意思。

1)不定式作后置定语,与被修饰得名词或代词构成逻辑上得动宾关系,但又与该句主语(或另一名

词/代词)构成逻辑上得主谓关系时,Hehasnothingtoeat、

分析:eat动→nothing宾/he主→eat谓

Iwillgiveyouabooktoread、

分析:_____动→________宾/_____主→_____谓这个优雅得女人有事情要宣布。readabookyoureadTheelegantladyhadsomethingtodeclare、★比较:Ihavealotofletterstotype、(我有很多信件要打印:Iwilltypetheletter)Ihavealotofletterstobetyped、(意思为:Igetsb、totypetheletter)1)I’llgotoNewYork、Haveyouanything____________(take)toyourwifethere?2)Haveyouanyclothes____________(wash),

sir?”askedthemaid3)IcannotgooutnowasIhavealotofclothes___________(wash)tobetakentobewashedtowash★注意:若句子得主语并非不定式得逻辑主语时,不定式则必须用被动式。

在下列情况中用不定式得主动形式表示被动意思。

2)在“主语+表语(形容词)todo”中,主语也就是

不定式得逻辑宾语,即不定式动词和主语之间就是

动宾关系。

Thisquestioniseasytoanswer、

(分析:answer(动)------thisquestion(宾))

★注意:

如果动词为不及物动词,则要注意介词得搭配。

Johnisdifficulttodealwith、

(分析:_________(动)----________(宾))如:这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。这题目很难算出来。dealwithJohnThearmchairisfortabletositinThequestionisdifficulttoworkout注意:

非谓语动词得主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式得主动形式表被动意义

。

在need,want,require等词得后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式得被动形式。例:Thehouseneedsrepairing、 toberepaired、1、Allendoesn’tthinkherEnglishisgoodenoughtoworkabroad,anditneeds_________(improve)、2、Allofusehere________(learn)knowledge、3、MrSmithwarnedhisdaughter______________(notdrive)afterdrinking4、Thisproblemissaidto________(discuss)twice、5、Shepretended____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein、1、__________(sleep)lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm2、Heisthought______(kill)inanaircrash、3、Ihurriedtothemeetinghall,only___________(tell)thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff、4、Theplay______________(produce)nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture用所给词得正确形式填空1、Allendoesn’tthinkherEnglishisgoodenoughtoworkabroad,anditneeds__________________________(improve)、2、Allofusehere__________(learn)knowledge、3、MrSmithwarnedhisdaughter______________(notdrive)afterdrinking4、Thisproblemissaidto_________________(discuss)twice、5、Shepretended____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein、tobeimproved/improvingtobereadinghavebeendiscussednottodrivetolearn不定式与高考题1、__________(sleep)lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm、(2001年北京春季高考)2、Heisthought________________(kill)inanaircrash(空难)、(2008上海秋季)3、Ihurriedtothemeetinghall,only___________(tell)thatthemeetinghadbeenputoff、(2011年高考江浙卷)4、Theplay______________(produce)nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture、(2009年安徽卷)tobetoldtobeproducedTosleeptohavebeenkilled1、Itwilltakeseveralweeksforyourputer

to____________(repair)、2、Iknewhim___________________(catch)by

thepolice、3、Avoteisrequired______________(take)inourpanyatonce、4、Thismakesitpossibleforthem________(make)metalsintoanyrequiredshapes、5、Dickspedonthemotorwayonly____________(fine)、6、Whensomemoneywentmissingfromthebank,Thomaswasbelieved______________(steal)it、berepairedtohavebeencaughttobetakentomaketohavestolentobefined练习7、Ihope_______________(admit)toZhongshanUniversity、8、Thebookissaidto____________________(translate)intoseverallanguages、9、Ifeelgreatlyhonored_________________(wele)intotheirsociety、10、eon!Itisaneasysentence______________(translate)、11、WhenIcamein,hepretendedto_____________、(read)12、Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____________(receive)intimeforChristmas、13、MrsSmithwarnedherdaughter______________(notdrive)afterdrinking、totranslatetobeweledhavebeentranslatedtobeadmittedbereadingtobereceivednottodrive14、Hearingthegoodnews,hewastooexcited____________(speak)、15、Ithappened__(rain)whenIgotthere、16、Iamterriblysorry___________(lose)yourkey、17、Iamsorry__________(say)thatheisgoingfrombadtoworse、18、Heasked______________(send)totheplacewherehewasmostneeded、19、Whathehopedwas______________(admit)intotheuniversity20、Hegottothestationonly________(find)alltheticketshadbeensoldout、21、Iamsorry________________(keep)youwaitingsolong、tospeaktoberainingtohavelosttosaytobesenttobeadmittedtofindtohavekept22、Ontheirreturnthefatheraskedhisson_________(explain)whathehadlearnt、23、Myadvisorencouragedme_________(take)asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills、24、Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen____________