2025版高考英语总复习高考语法与写作专题2代词教学案外研版

PAGEPAGE1专题二代词(一)语法讲练——过学问关要点一人称代词、物主代词与反身代词1.人称代词(1)人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应留意以下两种状况：①作主语的人称代词假如孤立地运用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。—Susan，goandjoinyoursistercleaningtheyard.—Whyme?Johnissittingtheredoingnothing.——苏珊，去和你姐姐一起打扫院子。——为什么我去？约翰坐在那里什么也没做。(2)两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：在并列主语中，“I”总是放在最终，排列依次为：二三一(人称)。宾格me也一样。You,sheandIwilllbeinchargeofthecase.我、你和她三人将负责这个案件。2．物主代词(1)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词。置于名词之前，作定语。(2)名词性物主代词相当于名词，在句中作主语、表语、宾语或与of连用作定语。Iamanadmirerofyours.我是你的粉丝。3．反身代词含有反身代词的习惯用语devoteoneselfto致力于dressoneself自己穿衣enjoyoneself玩得兴奋helponeselfto随意吃，随意用hideoneself把自己藏起来makeoneselfathome不受拘束saytooneself心里想seatoneself坐下teachoneself自学cometooneself复原知觉behaveoneself表现得体，有礼貌applyoneselfto致力于byoneself独自地ofoneself自动地[热点即训]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind________(they)alive.[解析]考查代词。这里用them指代上文的thegorillas。[答案]them2．(2024·浙江卷)Pahlssonscreamedsoloudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.“ShethoughtIhadhurt________(I)，”saysPahlsson.[解析]此处表示她以为我伤着自己了，选择代词时要留意代词的功能及意义。依据句意可知，此处用反身代词myself。当句子的主语和动词的宾语指相同的人时，一般用反身代词。[答案]myself3．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalovelythreemonth－oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby________(it)mother.[解析]句意：在我最近的一次参观中，可爱的三个月的双胞胎中的一个被它的妈妈遗弃了，由后面的mother可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词its表示所属关系。[答案]its4．(2024·广东卷)Nowitoccurredto________thathisfarmhadmuchpotentialandthatthedeathofthecowwasabitofluck.[解析]依据空后的“hisfarm”可知应填him。Itoccurstosb.that...“某人突然想起……”。[答案]him5．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Afewhoursbefore,I'dbeenathomeinHongKongwith________(it)chokingsmog.[解析]因为smog是名词，所以须要用it的形容词性物主代词形式，故填its。[答案]itsⅡ.单句改错1．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Theywouldsaytousthatplayingcardgameswouldhelpmybrain.____________[解析]考查代词。此处表示“他们会对我(me)说“。[答案]us→me2．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)Ihaddonemyselfhomework,butIwasshy.____________[解析]考查限定词。此处特指“我的作业”，故将myself改为my/the。[答案]myself→my/the3．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)WhenIlookatthispictureofmyself,...Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesofyourhighschooldays.____________[解析]此处介绍的是我的故事，因此这里应当是我中学时期的回忆，上下文的人称应当保持一样。[答案]your→my4．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecanbroadenyourviewandgainknowledgewecannotgetfrombooks.____________[解析]依据前面的we，故应把your改为our。[答案]your→our5．(2024·四川卷)Whenhecameback,Ifoundabunchofflowersinherhand.____________[解析]依据前面的he，故应把her改为his。[答案]her→his要点二it的用法1．指天气、时间、距离、环境等。Ittwentymilesfromheretothevillage.(表示距离)从这里到那个村庄有20英里路。2．代替前面提过的事物。—What'sinthepicture？图画里是什么？—Itisacat.是一只猫。3．当说话者不清晰或没必要知道说话对象的性别时，可用it来表示。Isitaboyoragirl？是男孩还是女孩？4．用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。常用于下列句型：(1)it作形式主语的常用句型：①It＋be＋adj./n.＋(for/ofsb.)＋不定式②Itisnogood/nouse/useless/ofnousedoingsth.③It's(well)worthdoingsth.④It＋be＋名词短语(apity/afact/nowonder/...)/adj.＋that从句⑤It＋特别动词(seems/appears/turnedout/occurredtosb./...)＋that从句⑥It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句⑦It＋takes＋(sb.)sometime/somemoneytodosth.(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型：①主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/find/...＋it＋adj./n.(for/ofsb.)todo/从句②主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/find/...＋it＋useless/worth/worthwhile/nouse/nogood/awasteoftime(money/energy...)＋doing...③主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep/find/...＋it＋important/necessary/natural/essential/clear＋that...(should)．..Itistheteachers'dutytoteachthestudents.教学生是老师的职责。Ihavemakeitclearthatnobodyisallowedtosmokehere.我已经讲得很清晰，任何人不准在这儿吸烟。5．用于like,enjoy,hate,love,appreciate等表示喜爱、情感的动词以及dependon/upon,seeto等动词短语后，再接when,if,that等引导的从句。I'dappreciateitifyoucouldattendourparty.假如你能参与我们的聚会，我将不胜感谢。[热点即训]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive________atry.[解析]考查固定搭配。giveitatry为固定搭配，意为“试一试”，依据语境可知，it指代running，故可填it或running。[答案]it/running2．(2024·浙江卷)Manywesternerswho/thatcomtoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheap________canbetoeatout.[解析]考查代词。此处应用it作形式主语，真正的主语是toeatout。[答案]it3．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccessandwithinsixmonths,morethan25,000peoplewereusing________everyday.[解析]句意：然而，该地铁很快被证明是巨大的胜利，在六个月内，每天超过25000人运用它。依据语境可知，此处应用it指代文中的therailway。[答案]it4．(2024·辽宁卷)Raiseyourlegandlet________stayintheairforseconds.[解析]依据语境可知此处应当填入指代leg的代词。[答案]it5．(2024·广东卷)Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid________wasawonderfulholidaydestination.[解析]从空后的“awonderfulholidaydestination”可以知道，这个地方就是Miami，用it指代前面提到的地点。[答案]itⅡ.单句改错1．(2024·全国卷Ⅰ)Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree－month－oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedbyitmother.____________[解析]此处应用its修饰mother，故把it改为its。[答案]it→its2．(2024·四川卷)Bythattime,thepandanolongerneededitmotherforfood.____________[解析]此处应用its修饰mother，故把it改为its。[答案]it→its3．(2024·浙江卷)Closetotheschooltherewasabeautifulparkwithmanytreesaroundthem.____________[解析]依据此处指代abeautifulpark，故应用it。[答案]them→it4．(2024·辽宁卷)Raiseyourlegandletthemstayintheairofseconds.____________[解析]依据语境可知此处指代leg的，故把them改为it。[答案]them→it5．(2024·广东卷)Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaidthatwasawonderfulholidaydestination.____________[解析]从空后的“awonderfulholidaydestination”可以知道，这个地方就是Miami，用it指代前面提到的地点，故把that改为it。[答案]that→it要点三不定代词1．both,all,either,any,neither,none的用法I'veboughttwobooks;youcanhaveeither.我买了两本书，你要哪本都行。I'msorryIcan'tlendyouany(money)．对不起，我不能借给你(钱)。Noneofthismoneyismine.这笔钱没有一点是我的。[名师指津]any表示“一些”，多用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中；用于确定句中，表示“任何的或任何一个”。Anychildcandothat.任何一个孩子都能做到。2．one,another,theother,some,others,theothers的用法Idon'tlikethishat.Pleaseshowmeanotherone.我不喜爱这顶帽子。请让我看看另外一顶。Ihavetwobooks:oneisEnglish,andtheotherisFrench.我有两本书，一本是英语的，另一本是法语的。Therearemanybooksonthetable.SomeareEnglish,andtheothersareChinese.桌子上有很多书。一些是英语的，其余的是汉语的。3．none,nnobody/noone,nothing的用法—Howmuchmoneydoyouhave？你有多少钱？—None.一点也没有。Iwishedsomeonecouldhelpme,buttherewasnooneatthemoment.我希望当时有人能帮我，但当时没有人。—Whatareyoudoingnow？你现在在做什么？—Nothing.什么也没做。[名师指津]none后面可跟of短语，而something/anything/everything/nothing和someone/anyone/everyone/noone却不能。Noneofthemknewabouttheplanbecauseitwaskeptasecret.他们中没有人知道那项安排，因为那还是个隐私。4．many,much,few,little,afew,alittle的用法HecanspeakalittleFrench,butheknowslittleEnglish.他能说点法语，但几乎不懂英语。5．不定代词用于固定搭配中nothingbut仅仅，只是anythingbut决不somethingof有几分，略微orsomething诸如此类的人或物allbut几乎，差不多everyotherday每隔一天eachother(两者)相互oneanother(三者或三者以上)相互[热点即训]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·浙江卷改编)Inmanyways,theeducationsystemintheUSisnotverydifferentfrom________intheUK.[解析]that用来替代theeducationsystemintheUS。[答案]thatⅡ.单句改错1．(2024·全国卷Ⅱ)Itdoesnotcostmany,yetwecanstilllearnalot.____________[解析]此处表示花费多少钱，故用much，所以要把many改为much。[答案]many→much2．(2024·全国卷Ⅲ)AtfirstIthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbymyself.However,myparentsdidn'tseemtothinksuch.____________[解析]thinkso“认为这样”，故把such改为so。[答案]such→so3．(2024·陕西卷)Iwantedtodoanythingspecialforhimathisretirementparty.____________[解析]一般来说some(thing)用于确定句，any(thing)用于疑问句和否定句。[答案]anything→something4．(2024·四川卷)It'sbeenthreeSaturdaysnowanditreallycostsmemany.____________[解析]many代替可数名词，much代替不行数名词。[答案]many→much5．(2024·浙江卷)Dadlosthosjob,andasMomexplained,“Hewasluckytofindotherone.”____________[解析]表示“两者中的另一个”用theother，而表示“(三者以上)另外的一个”用another。[答案]other→another(二)语法写作——过应用关代词在书面表达中的增分点[增分技法]运用好代词，写出正确美丽句子。①在我看来，我们学生应当遵守学校制度，做学校让我们做的事情。Inmyopinion,westudentsshouldobeytheregulationsofourschool,anddowhateverourschoolaskustodo.②在冬季，北京的天气比广州的天气冷得多。Inwinter,theweatherofBeijingismuchcolderthanthatofGuangzhou.[巧用增分]①张老师是一位特别受人敬重的老师，一位我们余生都不会遗忘的老师。(amostrespected,one,fortherestofourlives)Mr._Zhang_is_a_most_respected_teacher,_one_we'll_never_forget_for_the_rest_of_our_lives.②每个人都应关切环境。我们中的每一个人都应当为爱护环境做出贡献。(everyone，careabout,theenvironment,everyone,makeacontributionto)Everyone_should_care_about_the_environment_and_every_one_of_us_should_make_a_cont_ribution_to_protecting_it.③一些人支持这个观点，然而，其他人反对它。(infavorof,stronglyagainst)Some_are_in_favor_of_the_idea;_however,_others_are_strongly_against_it.④你尽可放心，他明天会按时来的，因为他是世界上最值得信任的人。(dependonit，turnup,reliable)You_can_depend_on_it_that_he_will_turn_up_on_time_tomorrow,_because_he_is_the_most_reliable_person_in_the_world.[专题过关训练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2024·辽宁沈阳二中模拟)WhenteaandcoffeewerefirstintroducedtoEuropeinthe18thcentury,peoplehaddifferentideasabout________(they)use.[答案]their2．________isimportanttothinkaboutthepeopleofadestinationcountryandhowtourismaffectsthem.[答案]It3．Yesterdayevening,justbeforedusk,Ispottedapigeonbadlytiedupwithasharpstring,hittingthewallandthetreebranches,tofree________(he)fromthekitestring.[答案]himself4．(2024·福建龙海二中模拟)Manysinglessaytheregulardatingscenehasjustledthemfromonebadexperienceto________andarereadytotrysomethingelse.[答案]another5．(2024·陕西教学质量检测)Allofushavereadthrillingstories.Inmanyof________(they)theyherohadonlyalimitedandspecifiedtimetolive.[答案]them6．(2024·湖南雅礼中学模拟)Whenwelookatsomeone,maybeeven________(us),weseetheexternalclay.[答案]ourselvesⅡ.单句改错1．(2024·芜湖模拟)At10：00,weputonperformances,likesinginganddancing.Thentheyplayedgamestogether！____________[答案]they→we2．(2024·洛阳统考)MyfatheristhemanIrespectmost.Strictashemaybe,heneverfailstoshowhercareandconsideration.____________[答案]her→his3．About36%ofthemarefondofsurfingtheInternet,whichhelpshimknowaboutthelatestnewsandcurrentaffairsintheworld.____________[答案]him→them4．(2024·攀枝花模拟)Finally,weputthefigurines(面人)wemadethemonthetableandtookpictureswiththeoldcraftsman.____________[答案]去掉them5．(2024·广东六校联考)Itispossiblethatsomeofwemayhaveabrotherorsister.____________[答案]we→us6．(2024·湖北八校联考)Yesterday,oneofmyfavoritestampswaslost,whichmademereallyupset.Ilookedforiteverywhereandaskedeverybodyintheroom,butstillcouldn'tfindthem.____________[答案]them→itⅢ.写作训练1．运用语法写靓句①(2024·北京卷书面表达)“长江之行”和“泰山之旅”这两条旅行线路都值得举荐。(trip,recommend)____________________________________②(2024·天津卷书面表达)我写信告知你最近我生活和学习的一些事。(recent)____________________________________③一些人支持这个观点，然而，其他人剧烈反对它。(infavorof,stronglyagainst)____________________________________④在我看来，我们学生应当遵守学校制度，做学校让我们做的事情。(inone'sopinion,obey,whatever)____________________________________⑤你告知我你是否便利好吗？(convenient)____________________________________⑥张老师是一位特别受人敬重的老师，一位我们一辈子都不会遗忘的老师。(most,respected,one,fortherestofourlives)____________________________________[答案]①OfthetwotripstotheYangtzeRiverandMountTai,botharehighlyrecommended.②I'mwritingtotellyousomethingaboutmylifeandstudyinrecentdays.③Someareinfavoroftheidea;however,othersarestronglyagainstit.④Inmyopinion,westudentsshouldobeytheregulationsofourschool,anddowhateverourschoolasksustodo.⑤Wouldyoutellmeifit'sconvenientforyou?⑥Mr.Zhangisamostrespectedteacher,onewe'llneverforgetfortherestofourlives.2．语法填空(2024·郑州模拟)Flyingcarsmaysoonbecomea①____________(real).TherideshareserviceUberhasasked②____________expertfromNASA,theAmericanspaceagency,③____________(help)thecompanydevelopcarsthatcanfly.Uberplanstouseflyingvehicles④____________thefuturetoavoidtrafficinandaroundcities.Thecompanywantstousesmall,totallyelectricaircraft,⑤____________couldtakeoffandlandlikeahelicopterontopofparkinggarages.Ubersaiditsflyingvehicleswouldbemuch⑥____________(quiet),costlesstooperateandproducelesspollutionthanhelicopters.OnepersoninSanFrancisco⑦____________(write)onTwitter,“Iusedtothinkthattheflyingcarwasaridiculousidea.⑧____________changedmymindthismorningwhenIsatinheavytraffic.”AnotherpersonaddedfromMumbai,India:“l'mreadingaboutUber⑨____________(hire)aNASAengineertobuildflyingcars,whileI'mstuckintraffic.Thereishope.”Theexpertpredictstherewillbeseveralearlymodelsofcarsthatcan'tfly⑩____________(they)butwithhumanpilotswithinonetothreeyears.[答案]①reality②an③tohelp④in⑤which⑥quieter⑦wrote⑧But⑨hiring⑩themselves3．短文改错(2024·枣庄模拟)Itismygrandfather'seightybirthdaytoday.Asusual,allmyfamilygottogethertocelebratehim.Weboughthimalotofpresent,andmyfatherpreparedabigbirthdaycake.Atthedinnerparty,wesingtheHappyBirthdaysong.Hemadeawishhappybeforeheblewthecandiesout.Withasurprisegift,Icookedadishforhim.AsIhadnevercookedbefore,hewassosurprisedthatthedishwasserve