高中英语必修7 Grammar 课件

UNIT3

BacktothepastPredicativeclausesToidentifytheuseofpredicativeclauses.Toworkouttherulesofpredicativeclauses.Tousepredicativeclausestofinishrelatedtasks.Towriteashortparagraphbasedoneachofthesituationsusingpredicativeclauses.WhatdoyouknowaboutthegreathistorianSimaQian?Bornineither145or135BCE,duringChina’sHandynasty,SimaQianis“thefatherofChinesehistory”.SimaQianwroteShiJi,

ahistoryoftheworldknowntoChina.ReadtheessayonthegreathistorianSimaQian.Answerthefollowingquestions.1.Whatistheessayabout?TheessayisaboutthegreathistorianSimaQian.2.WhatgreatestachievementdidSimaQianmake?

HewrotetheShiji(RecordsoftheGrandHistorian).3.WhatcontributedtoSimaQian’ssuccess?

Hisfather’sinfluence,hislearningandtravelingandhisperseverance.4.Howistheessaydeveloped?

Theessayisdevelopedinchronologicalorder.SimaQian,oneofthegreatesthistoriansinChinesehistory,wasbornineither145or135BCE.Influencedbyhisfather,whowasalsoahistorian,SimaQiantookaninterestinhistorywhenhewasachild.HelearntChineseclassicsfromgreatliterarymasters,andattheageof20,hebegantravellingextensivelyacrossthecountry.Heinterviewedthelocalpeopletogetawiderangeofinformation.BelowisanessayonthegreathistorianSimaQian.Findthesentenceswithpredicativeclausesandfillintheboxbelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.ExploringtherulesLearningandtravellingwereexactlywhathelpedhiminhislatercareerasahistorian.Hisfather’sdreamwasthatonedayhecouldwriteagreatmasterpiecerecordingwhathadhappenedinhistory.Afterhisfatherdied,SimaQiansucceededhisfatherasGrandHistorian,whichfacilitatedhisaccesstoofficialbooksandfiles.However,hisworkproveddifficult,becausesortingoutalltheavailableresourcesandcheckingfactsofhistoricalmaterialsrequiredpainstakingefforts.Hischiefconcernwaswhetherhecoulddohisjobmoreeffectivelyandefficiently.Ashecarriedonwithhiswork,somethingawfulhappenedtoSimaQian.Hewasputinprison,wherehesufferedalotofpainphysicallyandmentally.However,hewasnotdefeated.Heneverforgotabouthisfather’sdream,ingoodtimesorbadtimes.Aftermorethantenyearsofhardwork,theShiji(RecordsoftheGrandHistorian),hismasterpiece,wascompleted.WorkingouttherulesWecanuseanounclauseasthepredicativeofasentence.Wecanusethattointroduceapredicativeclausewhentheclauseisa(1)_________.Wecanusewhethertointroduceapredicativeclausewhentheclauseisa(2)_____________.Wecanusewhat,why,when,where,etc.tointroduceapredicativeclausewhentheclauseisa(3)___________.statementyes-noquestionwh-question表语从句充当表语的从句称为表语从句。可接表语从句的词除be外，还有appear,look,seem,sound,taste等。1.用来引导表语从句的词包括：从属连词：that,whether,because等；连接代词：what,which,who,whom,whose等；连接副词：when,where,why,how等。2.由从属连词引导的表语从句a.that在引导表语从句时无意义。口语中that常可省略。egMypointis(that)youmayhavetofacetheproblem.OnereasonCrystalhasbecomesofamousisthatheisveryquickthinking...b.其他从属连词引导表语从句时有具体的含义，不能省略。egThequestioniswhetherweshouldgoonwiththiswork.Hesaysitisbecausewhenhestartedpractisingstand-upasachild,hetoldhimselfjokes...3.由连接代词或连接副词引导的表语从句连接代词在表语从句中可充当主语、宾语、表语或定语；连接副词在表语从句中充当状语，可表时间、地点、原因、方式等，因此不能省略。egTheproblemiswhowillwatermyplantswhenIamaway.ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.Thingsarenotalwayswhattheyseem.Whathewondersiswhentheycanfinishtheirwork.Thisiswhereourbasicinterestlies.Hewasill.That'swhyhewassenttothehospital.【注意】a.表语从句要用陈述语序；b.if不用来引导表语从句，表“是否”时，用whether；c.在表示提议、建议、命令、要求等含义的词语后的表语从句中，谓语动词：should+动词原形，should可省。egMysuggestionisthathe(should)adapthimselftohisnewcondition.引导词-that用法1)that在从句中不担任句子成分，无实际意义，不能省略Thefactisthatourteamhaswonthegame.2)在表“建议，劝说，命令”的名词suggestion,advice,request,等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”（虚拟语气），should可省略Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.引导词-whether用法whether在表语从句中表,但不充当句子的成分。if引导表语从句.1.Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.2.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.“是否”不能引导词-what用法what在表语从句中充当______________表示____________________________.1.Thequestioniswhatcausedtheaccident.2.Thatmountainisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.3.Whathetoldyouwaswhathadbeendiscussedatthemeeting.4.Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snotwhatshipsarebuiltfor.主语、宾语或表语什么，什么样子，或所…的（人或事）引导词-who用法who在表语从句中充当______________表示____.1.Theproblemiswhocoulddothework2.Mytroubleiswho(whom)Icanturnto.主语、宾语谁引导词-which用法which在引导表语从句时,常充当_____________表示__________________。如：Ireadaboutitinsomebookoraother,butwhatIdon’tknowiswhich(book)itis.定语、表语其中哪一个引导词-asif/though用法asif/though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面asif/asthough引导的表语从句如果是事实，就用陈述语气，如果与事实不符，就用虚拟语气。Itlooksasifhewereherownfather.(与事实不符)Darkcloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.引导词-because用法because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/Itisbecause…”结构中。Myangerisbecauseyouhaven’twrittentomeforalongtime.that,why

与

because

引导表语从句时的区别1.Thereasonwasthatyoudon’ttrusther.

2.Hewasill.That’swhyhewassenttothehospital.

3.Hewassenttothehospital.That’sbecausehewasill.

三者均可引导表语从句，

that

没有词义，why

和

because

有自己的意思；why强调结果，because

强调原因。Thereasonwhywedidn'ttrusthimis______hehasoftenlied．reason做主语时，表语从句只能用that引导，句型结构为：Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….Thereasonisthat……that连接副词where,when,why,how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。That’swhereIcan’tagreewithyou.ThisiswhySarawaslateforthemeeting.Thisishowtheyovercomethedifficulties.MystrongestmemoryiswhenIattendedanAmericanwedding.where,when,why,how引导的表语从句【语境应用】完成句子。1)Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonis______onecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.2)—Whatamess!Youarealwayssolazy!—I’mnottoblame,Mum.Iam______youhavemademe.3)Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas______hescoredthewinninggoal.4)Thisis______myfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.thatwhatwhenwhat5)Withouthissupport,wewouldn’tbe______wearenow.6)Theadvantageofcyclingtoworkis______wecanlivealow-carbonlife.7)Myideais______weshouldsupportthereformofthelegalsystem.8)Allshe’sworriedaboutis______heisallright.9)Themostimportantthingis______wecangetthroughthedifficulttimes.wherethatthatwhetherhowApplyingtherulesCompletethesentenceswithproperlinkingwordstoformpredicativeclauses.1Igotsixbooksfromthelibrary.Thequestionis_______oneIshouldreadfirst!

2Thetruthis_______therearemanyreasonswhywarsbreakout.whichthat3Wehavemadeitarulethatvisitorsmustnottouchthechinavases.Theproblemis_______somevisitorsdonotpayattentiontoit.that4Themuseumwasclosed.Thatwas_______wecouldn’tseethehistoricaldocuments.why5Thetwohistoriansdisagreewitheachother.Thequestionis_______itispossibletoprovewhoisright.whether6Besideshavingthehistoryclassesatschool,wealsovisithistoricdestinations.Thatis_______welearnaboutimportanteventsinhistory.howBelowisanarticleaboutShiji.Completethearticlewithproperlinkingwordstoformpredicativeclauses.InthefirstcenturyBCE,SimaQiancompletedtheShiji,whichdescribeshistoricaleventsandfiguresfromtheeraoftheYellowEmperorinancientlegendstohisowntime.Totalingover520,000Chinesecharactersandextendingoveraperiodofabout3,000years,theShijiconsistsof130chaptersinfivecategories.Whatmakesthisbookremarkableincontentis(1)______itnotonlyincludesvividdescriptionsofhistoricalfiguressuchasemperors,thatministersorotherexceptionalfigures,butalsolistsimportanteventsindifferentperiods.Anotherthingtonoteis(2)_______itcoversadvancesinastronomy,music,thecalendarandsoon.OneofthemainfeaturesoftheShijiis(3)_______thebiographiesarepresented-intheformofstoriesratherthandryfacts.SimaQianwasabletouseasmallnumberofwordstodescribeahistoricaleventorfigurevividly.Someofthephrasesemployedinhisbookarestillinconstantuse.thathowEventoday,theeventsandfiguresintheShijiseemrealwhenyoureadaboutthem.Laterhistorianswrote23moreofficialhistoriesinasimilarformat.TogetherwiththeShiji,thesewereeditedintheQingDynasty.Thatis(4)_______theseworksbecameknownastheTwenty-FourHistories.TheyareamongthemostimportantrecordsofChinesehistory.whyAnswerthequestions.1.WhatareincludedintheShiji?

Itnotonlyincludesvividdescriptionsofhistoricalfigures,butalsolistsimportanteventsindifferentperiods.Moreover,itcoversadvancesinastronomy,music,thecalendarandsoon.2.WhatisoneofthemainfeaturesintheShiji?

SimaQianusedvividstoriesinsteadofdryfactstopresentbiographies.3.HowdidtheShijiinfluencethewaytorecordChinesehistoryinyearstocome?

Laterhistorianswrote23moreofficialhistoriesinasimilarformat.Writeashortparagraphbasedoneachofthesituationsbelow,usingpredicativeclauses.Usetheexamplebelowtohelpyou.I’dliketojoinyouindoingtheprojectontheFirstWorldWar,butmyconcernisthatIdon’thavemuchknowledgeofit.1Tomissonervousabouthishistorytesttomorrow.Tomisgoingtohaveahistorytesttomorrow.Theproblemisthathegetsstressedveryeasilywheneverhetakesatest.Onewaytostayrelaxedistokeepcalmandbreathedeeply.Tomhopesitwillhelpsolvehisproblem.2David’snewbookonworldhistoryhassold10,000copies!David’snewbookhasbecomeabestseller.Atfirst,hisconcernwaswhetheranyonewouldreadhisbook.Actually,itisawell-writtenbookthatisalsofuntoread.ThereasonwhyhisbookhassoldsomanycopiesisthatDavid’sloveforhistoryisrepresentedinthewayhewritesaboutthetopic.1.表语从句在句中作表语，可由that引导，在从句中不充当成分。

Thetruthisthattheyarefullypreparedforthetrip.2.表语从句可由who,how,why,whether,what,when,