考点11 动词不定式 （核心考点精讲精练）高考英语一轮复习考点帮（新高考）

考点11动词不定式（核心考点精讲精练）1.高考真题考点分布考点题型动词不定式年份试卷类型考点考向语法填空20242024·新课标I卷togive作宾语补足语2024·新课标II卷tofind作原因状语2024·全国乙卷//2024·全国甲卷tocatch作宾语2024·年北京卷torest固定搭配2024·年浙江1月tobenefit作目的状语20232023·新课标I卷tobite作宾语tobelifted作宾语补足语2023·新课标II卷//2023·全国乙卷//2023·全国甲卷toteach作目的状语2023·年北京卷toaddress作目的状语20222022·新课标I卷toincrease作目的状语2022·新课标II卷tosee作目的状语2022·全国乙卷tostrengthen作目的状语2022·全国甲卷tojourney作后置定语2022·年北京卷toharm作后置定语2022·年浙江1月tocontinue作宾语2.命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于动词不定式的考查共计15次，主要考查：1．不定式作的句法功能（目的状语、定语、宾补、主语和宾语）；2．不定式的一些固定搭配、固定句型；3.不定式的各种形式及其意义。【备考策略】系统归类不定式的用法;熟练掌握不定式的各种形式的意义和用法，尤其是不定式作目的状语及其固定搭配、固定句型。3.【命题预测】预测2025年高考语法填空和短文改错对不定式的考查仍然会成为的重点和难点，尤其是考查不定式的一些固定搭配、固定句型。必备基础知识：1）不定式的各种形式种类时态主动形式及意义被动形式及意义不定式一般式todo将要发生或发生在谓语动词的动作后tobedone被动、将来进行式tobedoing谓语发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生完成式tohavedone发生在谓语动词的动作之前tohavebeendone被动、发生在谓语动词的动作之前2）非谓语动词的句法功能：功能形式主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式√√√√√√V-ing√√√√√√V-ed√√√√01动词不定式作状语作目的状语不定式作目的状语可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。但用在句中表目的时前面不能用逗号，强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用inorderto/soasto＋动词原形，但soasto不用于句首。Tomakefriendseasily,youneedtobeverykind.要想很容易地交朋友，你需要友善。作结果状语a．不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only。Irushedtothestation,onlytofindthetrainhadalreadygone.我匆忙赶到火车站，却发现火车已经开走了。b．不定式作结果状语还常用于so...asto...,such...asto...,enoughto...,too...to...等结构中。Shewassolateastomisshalfofthelecture.她来得如此晚以至于错过了一半的演讲。Sheissuchagoodteacherastoberespectedbyallherstudents.她是个如此好的老师，以至于受到她所有学生的尊敬。Thehouseislargeenoughtoholdtwohundredpeople.这座房子足够大，可以容纳两百人。作原因状语不定式与情感类形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。这类形容词主要有：happy,kind,surprised,frightened,shocked,glad,delighted,disappointed等。Theyweresurprisedtobeinformedofthenews.被告知这一消息他们感到吃惊。Shewasveryhappytohearthathersonhadbeenpromoted.得知儿子升职了，她很高兴。动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词easy,hard,difficult,pleasant,good,fit,comfortable等后面作状语，构成“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动含义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。Thisbookisdifficulttounderstand.这本书很难懂。Thepictureispleasanttolookat.这张画很好看。作独立成分下列结构常用作独立成分：totellthetruth说实话；tobehonest诚实地说；toputitbriefly前言之；tobefrank坦白地说；tobegin/startwith首先；tomakethings/mattersworse更糟糕的是；toputitinanutshell简而言之1.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford’sinternational___42_visibility__(visible),saidEdmondson,addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazed___43___(find)theconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.2.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem____41____(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof____42their____(they)contents.1.(2023·河北省衡水中学高三下学期五调）________(preserve)theancientteatrees,YunnanProvincehaspassedaprotectionregulationrecently,clarifyingthatwildandcultivatedteaplantsagedover100yearsshouldbebetterprotectedintheprovince.2.(2023·云南省曲靖市一中高质量监测（五）)________(address)theproblems,YanimprovedDai’spapermakingtechnology,thussavingproductiontimeandreducinglaborcosts.02动词不定式作定语不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。表示将来的动作时，根据需要不定式可用主动或被动形式。Hisfirstbooktobepublishednextmonthisbasedonatruestory.他下个月将要出版的第一本书是以一个真实的故事为依据写的。Iborrowedsomebookstoreadduringmyholiday.我借了一些假期读的书。(2)表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰，如：chance,need,promise,ability,way,opportunity,right,attempt,plan,evidence等，常表同位关系。DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteinEnglish?你有用英语读和写的能力吗？(3)名词或代词由序数词或最高级修饰，再被非谓语修饰时，一般用不定式作定语，表主谓关系。Sheisalwaysthefirststudenttocomeandthelasttoleave.(主谓关系)她总是第一个来最后一个走的学生。(4)在表示有要做的事情时，通常用不定式作定语，不定式与被修饰词之间为被动关系。—Doyouhaveanythingtobetyped,sir?—No,thanks.——先生，你有东西要打印吗？——没有，谢谢。Ihavealotofworktodo.我有许多活要干。若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，则要在该动词后加适当的介词。Ihavenopentowritewith.我没有写字用的钢笔。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolivein.他没钱，也没地方住。(2022·全国甲卷)Avisually­challengedmanfromBeijingrecentlyhiked(徒步)40daystoXi'an,asafirststep________(journey)theBeltandRoadroute(路线)byfoot.1.（2023·广东省惠州实验中学5月试题）Thiscommunity,calledHuaYanHui,wasfoundedin2011followingaHanfurevival(复兴)movementthatemergedfromgrowingculturalconfidenceandthedesire___(express)nationalidentity.Sincethen,hehasbeenvolunteeringtosupportthegroup.2.（2023·江苏省扬州中学测试）GaininginspirationfromjadeforasecondtimehonorstheChinesecapital’suniquepositionasthefirstcity__________（host)theSummerandWinterOlympics.03动词不定式作主语、宾语和表语作主语不定式(短语)作主语，表示某一具体的，尤其是未发生的动作。可位于句首，也可用it作形式主语，而把不定式置于后面。不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。It'snoteasytolearnEnglishwell.Readingasmuchaspossibleisnecessary.学好英语不容易，广泛阅读是有必要的。It'simportantforthefigurestobeupdatedregularly.对数字进行定期更新很重要。2）作宾语下列动词只跟不定式作宾语口诀动词希望学会想决心hope/wish/expect,learn,want,decide/determine设法拒绝愿假装manage,refuse,care,pretend主动承诺选计划offer,promise,choose,plan请求同意来帮忙ask/beg,agree,helpSheclosedhereyesandpretendedtobeasleep.他闭上眼睛，假装睡着了。注意：有些动词后常接“疑问词+不定式”短语作宾语，如，discover,explain,wonder等。Iwonderhowtodealwiththecolourfulapples.我想知道怎样处理这些五彩的苹果。Hehasnochoicebuttoleave.他除了离开别无选择。（作介词to的宾语）3)作表语表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词­ing形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。③Whatshelikesiswatching/towatchchildrenplay.她喜欢的事情就是看孩子们玩耍。④Mywishistobecomeagoodteacher.我的愿望就是要当个好老师。1.【2024全国甲卷】Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel,thenationalparks,inparticular,tend____41____（catch）ourattentionbecauseoftheirlargesizeandvariety.2.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether____37____(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),____38or____toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.3.【2021全国甲卷】Itispossible

3

(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.1.（2024届辽宁省本溪市高中高三一模试题）Thegovermment,however,doesnotintend__(stop)theprotectionprogrammes,sincethethreatstotheTibetanantelopehavenotyetdisappeared.2.（2023·河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底）Theoxwasoriginallyfirst,buthewassokindthatheagreed________(carry)thelittleratacrosstheriver.04不定式作补语1.下列动词（短语）后跟带to的不定式作宾补advise,allow,ask,beg,cause,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,intend,invite,order,persuade,prefer,require,teach,tell,want,wish,warn,remind,waitfor,callon,dependon等。Ourteacherencouragesustofacedifficultybravely.我们老师鼓励我们勇敢地面对困难。Sheaskedmetoanswerthephoneinherabsence.她要我在她不在的时候接电话。易错点：1.感官动词(短语)see,watch,observe,lookat,notice,hear,listento,feel的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以see为例)：eq\a\vs4\al(see＋,宾语＋)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(doingsth看见……,正在做某事,dosth看见……,做了某事))\a\vs4\al\co1(（宾语与宾语补足语,之间存在主动关系）),done看见……被做（宾语与宾语补足语之,间存在被动关系）))①IheardhersinganEnglishsongjustnow.(主动，完成)刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。②IheardhersinginganEnglishsongwhenIpassedbyherroomyesterday.(主动，正在进行)昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。③TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglishspokenasmuchaspossible.(被动，无时间性)为了学好英语，我们应该找机会尽可能多地听英语。易错点：2使役动词＋宾语＋宾补eq\a\vs4\al((1)make＋,宾语＋)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosth让……做某事,（宾语与宾语补足语之间为主动关系）,done让……被做,（宾语与宾语补足语之间为被动关系）))eq\a\vs4\al((2)have＋,宾语＋)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(dosth使……做某事,doingsth使……持续,做某事))\a\vs4\al\co1(（宾语与宾语,补足语之间,存在主动关,系）),done使……被做/遭受（宾语与宾语,补足语之间存在被动关系）))注意：(1)在以上省去to的不定式作宾补的结构中，若变为被动语态，需将省去的不定式符号to补出来。Hemadehisworkerswork12hoursaday.（主动）→Hisworkersweremadetowork12hoursaday.(被动)他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。(2)have还可以用于“havesthtodo/tobedone”结构中，其中have作“有”讲，用不定式作定语。Ihavesomethingurgenttoinformyou.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Thesesepalsopenonwarmdays____58____(give)theinsideplantssunshineandfreshair.1.（江苏省常州市联盟校2023-2024学年高三10月调研试题）ThehearingleftWashingtonwithdecisions________(make).2.（2023·江苏省南通徐州市等5地高三三模）Thismadeteaeasier________(transport)andmorepleasigtothetongue.05动词不定式的其它考点1）不定式的主动表被动不定式作定语与被修饰名词构成动宾关系时。Ifyouwanttomakeevengreaterprogressinyourstudies,youstillhavemanydifficultiestoovercome.如果你想在学业上取得更大的进步,那么你还需要克服许多困难。在“be+性质形容词+不定式”结构中,性质形容词如easy，hard,difficult,safe,interesting,heavy,pleasant,comfortable，dangerous，impossible等。Heisnoteasytogetalongwith.他不易相处。Thebookisveryinterestingtoread.这本书读一读是很有趣的。(3)不定式与疑问代词连用时。Idon'tknowwhichtochoosebecausethereisn’tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.两者之间毫无差别,所以我真不知道该选哪个。(4)某些动词不定式与be连用时，如toblame(责备)，toseek(寻找),tolet(出租)等。Heistoblameforthis.他因这件事该受责备。Theanswerisnothardtoseek.答案不难寻找。2）不定式的被动语态当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,一般要用被动语态。Alotofgraduatesasktobesenttoworkwheretheyaremostneededeveryyear.每年都有毕业生要求被派往最需要他们的地方工作。不定式的被动语态一般式通常表示将来的动作。Thetopictobediscussedtomorrowisaboutclimatechange明天要讨论的主题是关于气候变化的。不定式的被动语态完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。Thenovelissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.这部小说据说被翻译成了种语言。3）下列情况下不定式作表语通常省略to：（1）主语是all其后有that引导的定语从句或what引导的从句，且从句中含有do的某种形式时。（2）主语是theonly，thefirst，thelast，形容词最高级或被这些词修饰，主语后有定语从句，且定语从句中含有do的某种形式时。Allyouneedtodonowiscompletetheform.你现在要做的是把这张表填好。WhatIwanttodomostinseniorhighschoolisimprovemyEnglish.我在高中最想做的事就是提高我的英语水平。Theonlythingtodonowisgoon.前进是现在唯一的出路。（3）省略不定式是否保留to1.【2024北京卷】Slowingdowncancontributesignificantlytopersonalgrowth.Takingthetime___11___(rest)allowsustodevelopadeepersenseof___12_self-awareness__(self-aware).2.【2022年新高考2卷】Hesavedmyson'slife,"saidMrs.Brown."Idon'tknow___45___tothankhim.”1.Onethingyoucan’thelpbut________whendrivingaroundAustraliaisthecountry’splentifulamountsofspace.A．notice B．tonotice C．tobenoticed D．beingnoticed2.Yoursisterissaid______inthesupermarketwhenshewasdoingshoppingyesterday.A．tobetreatedbadly B．treatingbadlyC．beingbadlytreated D．tohavebeenbadlytreated【答案】D【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说你妹妹昨天在超市购物时受到了不好的待遇。sb.besaidtodo固定搭配，意为“据说某人做某事”，且根据句意可知，不定式的动作“对待”发生在谓语动词“据说”之前，故用不定式的完成式。故选D。（最新模拟试题演练）（最新模拟试题演练）1.【2024届河南省三门峡部分名校高三下学期模拟考试】Eachdancercarriesabamboostick,4isstruckagainstthegroundtothemusic.Thisdanceistypicallyperformed5(celebrate)theendoftheharvestseason.2.【安徽省蚌埠市皖北私立联考2023-2024学年高三下学期期中】TheresolutionfurtherurgesUNbodiesatheadquartersandotherdutystations13（avoid）holdingmeetingsontheLunarNewYear.3.【2024届河南省濮阳市高三下学期二模】Abirthdaysurpriseisnoteasy31(come)byfor90-year-oldWong,havinglivedthroughthemajorityofthelengthandbreadthofhumanexperience,butdressingupintraditionalChinesehanfuthisyearcame32awelcometreat.4.【2024届山东省聊城市高三下学期二模】4(regard)aspartofthenationalheritage,Chineseacrobaticsfeaturestheability5(maintain)balanceinperformancemovements.5.【2024届安徽省马鞍山市高三下学期三模】RunninguntilApril16,theexhibitionofferedenoughtimeforaudiences10(explore)andappreciateAi’sartisticvision.6.【2024届四川省攀枝花市高三下学期第三次统一考试】ThethreeinstitutionsareallowingstudentstouseAlwhentakingassessments,althoughunderstrictconditions.ProfessorRomyLawsonsaid,“Insteadof3(ban)studentsfromusingsuchprograms,weaimtoassistacademicstaffandstudents4(use)digitaltoolstosupportlearning.”7.【2024届四川省眉山市仁寿县四川省仁寿第一中学校模拟】Fromallaspects,itisfair1(say)thattheShenzhouXIIImissionhasbeena(n)2success(succeed).Intermsofspeed,itsetanewrecord.TheShenzhouXIIreturncapsulespentover24hoursrevolvingaround(绕……旋转)Earth11timesbeforereturningonSept17,2021.8.【2024届四川省泸州市高三下学期三模】Apiecemeasuringaroundhalfametercantakehermonths23(complete).9.【2024届四川省绵阳市高三下学期第三次诊断性考试】LocatednearthearchaeologicalsiteoftheYinRuins,54isalsothelocationofthelastcapitaloftheShangDynasty(1600-1046B．C．),theexpandedYinxuMuseumisthefirstmuseum55(present)theShangcivilizationcomprehensively.10.【2024届广东省佛山市禅城区高三下学期统一调研测试】Atthesametime,Citywalkrepresentsanopportunityfortourguidesandtravelserviceproviderstodeliverservices10(meet)withever-changingmarketdemands.11.【2024届湖北省高三下学期新高考三模】His8(mother)ancestorsarrivedinAustraliafromChinainthe1830s,justbeforetheGoldRushwhichsawthousandsofChinese9(make)thejourneytothegoldfieldsineasternAustraliainthe1850sand1860s.12.【2024届安徽省合肥市高三下学期二模】6(participate)intheprogram,Huangquithisjobwithno7hesitation(hesitate)andreturnedtoChinaasoneofthefirstprofessionals.13.【2024届江西省景德镇市高三下学期第三次质量检测】ForChen,Qiangembroideryismuchmorethanapieceofart20(appreciate).“Ifyouallowittoconveyitsrealvalue,itwillimprovemorepeople’slivesanddriveruralrevitalization,”shesaid.14.【2024届福建省南平市建阳区福建省南平市建阳区高三预测绝密卷模拟】TheorganizerMarthaLuciuswasexcited30(see)thenewneighborhoodcompetitioncometolife,saying,“It’sbeengreattoseealloftheexcitement.”15.【四川省成都市成实外教育联盟2023-2024学年高三下学期联考】Taoism(Daoism)isoneofChina’sbest-knownreligions.It’sanancienttraditionofphilosophythatreflectsadeep-rootedChineseworldview.ButwhatexactlyisTao?WevisitedthelargestTaoistestablishmentinBeijing,theBaiyunTemple,31(find)outmore.16.【2024届江西省新余市高三下学期二模】InThailand,it’scustomarytodeepcleanhomes,schools,andpublicspacesto48(pure)themaheadoftheThaiNewYear.Peopletosswaterateachotherinthestreetstowashawaythepreviousyear’sbadluckandensureluckfortheyeartocome.17.【2024届江西省新余市高三下学期二模】Asspringcomes,itissensibletoopenthewindows49(air)outstuffyhomes,removedirt,andrepairanydamages50occurredduringthewintermonths.Inventionssuchasvacuumcleaners,washingmachines,andcleaningagentshavemadetheprocessmoreefficientandconvenient.18.【2024届山东省日照市高三下学期二模】“WhenIcaughtacoldorhadacough,mymomusedtomakeacupping,atechniquethatinvolvesplacingcupsontheskin2(create)suction(吸力),”saidHalpyarovich.19.【2024届江西省新余市高三下学期二模】InThailand,it’scustomarytodeepcleanhomes,schools,andpublicspacesto48(pure)themaheadoftheThaiNewYear.Peopletosswaterateachotherinthestreetstowashawaythepreviousyear’sbadluckandensureluckfortheyeartocome.（2024·湖北黄冈·三模）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Sixdecadesago,ChinaandFranceestablisheddiplomaticties.51theirdifferencesandmultiplechallenges,ChineseandFrenchpeoplehaveshownmutualrespectandworkedtogethertowardsachievingmanycommongoals.Overthepastsixdecades,thisdynamicrelationship52(witness)numeroushistoricmilestonesandtangibleaccomplishments.ChinaisnowFrance’slargesttradingpartnerinAsia,whileFranceranksasChina’sthird-largesttradingpartner53thethird-largestsourceofinvestmentinrealtermswithintheEuropeanUnion(EU).FormerFrenchPrimeMinisterJean-PierreRaffarinbelievesthatitistheloveforpeacethatbringsthemtogether.Asa54(culture)ferrymanbetweenChinaandFrance,hehopesmoreyoungpeoplefrombothnationswillventuretothe“otherside”andknoweachotherbetter.LefevreMichele,5518-year-oldpre-collegestudentatFudanUniversity,foundthatChineseTVdramas,likeMeteorGarden,havebeenwell-receivedinFrance,56(particular)amongmanyfemaleFrenchviewers.ItwasherloveforthesedramasthatsparkedherinitialinterestinChineseculture,leadingherto57(far)herstudiesinChina.OceaneRivoire,nowastudent58(major)inChineselanguageandliteratureatTongjiUniversityinShanghai,foundthehomonymsinChineseextremelyinteresting,suchastheword“bat”,59hasthesamepronunciationastheword“fortune”,and“reddatesandpeanuts”areusuallyused60(extend)goodwishesforthenewlywedstohaveababysoon.2024年1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Thesesepalsopenonwarmdays____58____(give)theinsideplantssunshineandfreshair.2.【2024全国甲卷】Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel,thenationalparks,inparticular,tend____41____（catch）ourattentionbecauseoftheirlargesizeandvariety.3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford’sinternational___42___(visible),saidEdmondson,addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazed___43___(find)theconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.4.【2024北京卷】Whenweslowdown,wecreatespacetoreflectonourthoughtsandemotions,whichhelpsusidentifyimportantareasofourlivesand___13___(give)ustheopportunitytomakerightchoices.5.【2024浙江1月卷】Theshelvesinmostsupermarketsarefulloffamily-sizethisandmulti-buythat.However,ifyou’reshoppingforone,buyingextra____36____(benefit)frompricereductionsdoesn’tmakesense.2023年1.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether____37____(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),____38____toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.2.【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem____41____(lift)outofth