Unit+1+Back+to+school+Grammar+and+usage高中英语译林版(2020)必修第一册

Grammarsentencesstart!主语＋系动词＋表语（S+linkV+P）主语＋谓语（不及物动词）（S+Vi）主语＋谓语（及物动词）

＋宾语（S+Vt+O）主语＋谓语+间宾+直宾（S+Vt+O1+O2）

主语＋谓语＋宾语＋补语（S+Vt+O+OC）简单句的五种基本句型主语+系动词+表语（S+Link.V+P），说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。Youarestudents.Weareintheclassroom.Wearegoodfriends,aren’twe?Type1.主语（subject）:Thesunrisesintheeast.

Helikesdancing. Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory. Exercisingisagoodhabit.Toseeistobelieve.句子说明的人或物,常位于句首。（名词）（代词）（数词）（动名词）（不定式）用来表示主语状态，一般有be动词（am,is,are,was,were,been,being）

Heisateacher.其它系动词：状态：seem,appear,prove---感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look---变化：become,get,turn,go,come,grow---

持续：remain,stay,keep,continue系动词表语（predicative）:Heisateacher.Ihaveacake，canyoutasteit.Fiveandfiveisten.

Heiskind.系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。（名词）（名词）（代词）（数词）（形容词）Jackisabrightboy.Hewasdisappointedattheresultoftheexamination.Theroomdoesn’tlookbigenough.Hisdreamhasfinallycometrue.Histheoryprovedcorrect.

主语＋谓语动词(不及物动词) Shecame．/Nobodywent.主语＋谓语动词(及物动词)＋宾语

ShelikesEnglish.Type2&3简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwochildren.复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词构成;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tlikedancing谓语（predicate）（动词）V.说明主语的动作、状态和特征,常位于主语后。不及物动词vi.后不接宾语，且无被动语态及物动词后vt.必须接宾语。IlikeChina..Shedidn'tsayanything.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.Theydecidedtoleavenow.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?Areyouafraidofthesnake?（名词）

(

代词）(数词)宾语

动作的对象或承受者，常置于及物动词或介词后（不定式）（动名词）（句子）（名词）（名词）主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(双宾语)ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtmeabook.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.Type4&5双宾语即直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.Hegaveme

somebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●Heboughthisgirlfriend

someflowers.这类动词常见的有：give，buy，show,send,lend,pass,tell，leave,teach等找句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Pleasetellusastory.

②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.

③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.

④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.

⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?宾补：宾语补足语Wewillmakethem

happy.Shealwayskeepsherhair

short.补充说明宾语的情况，与宾语存在逻辑关系。这类动词常见的有：keep,make,let,have等.↓宾语↓宾补②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.挑出下列句中的宾语补足语

I

met

mybest

friend

atthestation↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓状语

定语（attributive）对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常翻译成‘……的’。Theblackbikeismine.()Mr.Liisahistoryteacher.

Heisourfriend.

Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（名词）（代词）（形容词）（定语从句）*当定语修饰不定代词如：nothing,anything,everything,something

等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语。定义：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。前后状语（adverbial）用以修饰adj./v./adv.及全句,位置灵活。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步.1.修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；2.表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，3.一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。Weoftenhelphim.

Iamverysorry.At8,Iatemybreakfast.=Iatemybreakfastat8状语：Iwillgotheretomorrow.时间 Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.地点Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.原因HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.目的Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.结果Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.程度Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam. 条件Hegoestoschoolbybike.方式Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.让步

Therebe结构1、定义：Therebe句型表示某处存在某物或某人。2、结构：(1)Thereis+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语.(2)Thereare+复数名词+地点状语.*

there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致（就近原则）。①Thereisabirdinthetree.

树上有一只鸟。②Thereisateacherandmanystudentsinourclassroom.

我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。

Ⅰ.简单句1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.

主+谓主+谓+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语‹›主+谓+宾+宾补Nobodywent.Shebecameadoctor.Thecargotfire.Iwillwriteyoualongletter.Iwilllethimgo.

Practice‹

›主+谓主+系+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语主+谓+宾+宾补Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.don't

B.like

C.picture

D.wall2.Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?

A.Do

B.usually

C.go

D.bus3.Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.willbe

B.meeting

C.thelibrary

D.afternoon4.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.people

B.allovertheworld

C.speak

D.English

句子类型简单句并列句复合句Ⅰ.简单句1.Thingschanged.2.Treesaregreen.3.Wedon’tbeatchildren.4.Hegavehissisterthepiano.5.Ifoundthebookeasy.

主+谓主+谓+表主+谓+宾主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语‹›主+谓+宾+宾补Ⅱ.并列句Thisismeandthesearemyfriends.Theymuststayinwater,ortheywilldie.It’snotcheap,butitisverygood.Itwaslate,soIwenttobed.

andorbut

soHeknockedatthedoor;therewasnoanswer.You’realive!Andshe’sdead.名词性从句状语从句定语从句主语从句表语从句宾语从句同位语从句Ⅲ.复合句Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.状语从句分为九类：时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、方式、程度1)时间状语从句Waituntilyouarecalled.Whenspringcame,leavesturngreen.常用的关联词有：as,after,before,since,till/until,when,while,assoonas,whenever等2)地点状语从句Putitwhereyoufoundit.Sitdownwhereveryoulike.常用的关联词有：where,wherever,anywhere3)原因状语从句AsIdidn’tknowtheway,Iaskedapoliceman常用的关联词有：because,as,since4)结果状语从句IwasinthebathsothatIdidn’thearthetelephone.常用的关联词有：so,sothat,suchthat,that

5)目的状语从句I’llshowyousoyouwillseehowit’sdone.常用的关联词有：so,sothat,inorderthat6)条件状语从句Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillbuildasnowman.常用的关联词有：if,unless,incasethat,onconditionthat…常用的关联词有：though,although,ifevenif,eventhough,7)让步状语从句ThoughI’mfondofmusic,Ican’tplayanyinstrument.常用的关联词有：as,asif,asthough,how常用的关联词有：so,sothat,asfaras,solongas8)方式状语从句Hedidjustasyoutoldhim.9)程度状语从句Solongasyouneedme,I’llstay.Homework1.复习今天所学的句子结构2.自行复习名词性从句的内容(必修三)3.看试卷,做相应知识点.名词性从句1)主语从句*Whathesaidisnotknown.*Thatweshallbelateiscertain.*Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.*Howstrangeitisthatthechildrenaresoquiet!

2）表语从句*Thatiswhathewantstobuy.

*Theproblemisthatwhowecangettoreplaceher?*Thereasonisthathehasliedtomeseveraltimes.3)宾语从句*Iunderstandthatheiswellqualified.*Hesaidthathedidn’tlikeher.

*Idon’tknowifyoucanhelpme.4)同位语从句*WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldn’tcome?*Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.*Mothermadeapromisethatshewouldbuymeanewcoat.theideaThequestionapromise注意！*that与what都可以引导名词性从句。*what在从句中充当句子成份（主,宾,表）。*That在句中只起连接作用，不充当成份。*that在引导名词性从句时不可省略（宾语从句除外）.Thatiswhathewantstobuy.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.Hesaid(that)hedidn’tlikeher.引导词that&what

状语从句分为九类：时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、方式、程度1)时间状语从句Waituntilyouarecalled.Whenspringcame,leavesturngreen.常用的关联词有：as,after,before,since,ti