考点31阅读理解之议论文-2023年中考英语一轮复习（原卷版）

考点31阅读理解之议论文议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总—分—总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的论证方式。通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结文章。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题(按事情发展顺序排序)，图表题(按文章内容找出正确图形)，正误题(依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断)。对这种题型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。细节题的破解一般用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有not或except等表示否定意义的词，则需要更加留意。此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。做此类题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象，从而走入误区。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。作者往往在构思语篇前会进行预先设定：读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的＂潜台词＂。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调。四、多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感到困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一是要扩大英语词汇量，二是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法等。总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读，学生应能从篇章和试题双方面入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略，提高学生自主学习的能力。Passage1AccordingtothefindingofanewUNreport,theworldwastesaboutonesixthofthefoodeachyear.That’sabout1,030,000,000tons,or121kilogramsforeachpersonontheEarth.61%ofthefoodwasteisfromhomecooking.Foodservices,suchasrestaurants,produce26％andgroceries(食品杂货店)andotherstores13%.“Wethoughtwastewasaprobleminrichcountries,”saysMartinaOtto,whoworksfortheUNEnvironmentProgram.“However,thenewreportfinds,foodwasteisabigprobleminnationsrichandpoor.”Eachyear,some690,000,000peoplegohungry.Atthesametime,about10%ofallCO2ontheEarthisfromtheactivitiesthatproducethefoodwaste.Controlonfoodwastecanhelpdealwithhungerandcutdownthatpollution.Itishelpfultobothpeopleandtheplanet.Byavoidingwastingfood,wecansavemoneyandtime.Moreimportantly,wecanhelpprotecttheEarth’smostvaluableresources(资源).Thenwhatcanwedotostopfoodwaste?Smallactionsmakeadifference.Eachofuscanplayapart.Nexttime,beforeyouthrow,thinktwice!1．WhichisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Themostfoodwasteesfromhomecooking.B．Foodwasteisaproblemonlyinrichcountries.C．Peoplecanhardlysavemoneyandtimebyavoidingwastingfood.D．Onlygovernmentsshouldtakeactiontostopfoodwaste.2．Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A．HowwecanprotecttheEarth. B．Whereweshallfindresources.C．Whyweshouldavoidfoodwaste. D．Whatwewilldowithpollution.3．Thetextiswrittento________.A．collectmoney B．callforaction C．getsomeadvice D．expressthanksPassage2Asweallknow,readingisveryimportantinourdailylife.Formingareadinghabitisverynecessaryforusall.Althoughmostparentsdon’tlikedoingitafterlongandtiringworkdays,readingbedtimestoriesdoesmakeagreatinfluenceonyourkids.Takealookattheadvantagesofitandyou’llneverbelazytodothat.Ithelpstodevelopchildren’simagination.Readingbedtimestoriescandevelopyourchildren’sabilitytoformpicturesorideasintheirminds.Ahealthyimaginationmakestheirmindsworkwellandteachesthemtothinkquicklyandclearly.They’llbesuccessfulinmanyfieldsthankstoawonderfulimagination.Itimproveschildren’slanguage.Readingalsoimprovesyourchildren’slanguage.Theyremembermostwordsyousay,soitcanenlargetheirvocabulary.Itisprobableforthemtousethosewordsinthestoriesyoureadrightaftertheyhearthem.Listeningtomanystorieshelpskidstoexpressthemselvesbetter.Itmakeschildrensmarter.Readingbooksmakespeoplesmarter.Whenchildrenhearthesestoriesyoutell,theylearngrammarandvocabulary,forexample.Ithelpsthembesuccessfulinschoolastheyhavealreadyknownalotfromyourstories.What’smore,everystoryhasitsmeaningandtellthemwhatisgoodandwhatisbadorwrong.Thesereasonsleavenochancesforyoutothinkaboutwhethertoreadbedtimestoriestoyourchildrenornot.Sohowevertiredorbusyyouare,findtimetoreadbedtimestoriestoyourchildren.Theywillthankyouinthefuture,Ipromise.Doyouagreetothesuggestionsabove?Trytoformareadinghabitandinfluenceonthepeoplearoundyou.4．Theunderlinedwordinthepassagerefersto（指代）________.A．minds B．parents C．teachers D．children5．Whydon’tmostparentslikereadingbedtimestoriestotheirkids?A．Becausetheyfeeltiredafterwork.B．Becausetheyfeellikedoingotherthings.C．Becausetheyarebusydoinghousework.D．Becausetheythinkitunnecessarytodoso.6．WhichsentenceisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Readingbedtimestoriesdoesmakeagreatinfluenceonyourkids.B．Ifyouaretiredorbusy,youdon’tneedtoreadbedtimestoriestoyourchildren.C．Readingcanenlargechildren’svocabulary.D．Readingcantellchildrenwhatisgoodandwhatisbadorwrong.7．WhataretheadvantagesofreadingbedtimestoriesEXCEPT________accordingtothepassage?A．ithelpstodevelopchildren’simaginationB．itimproveschildren’slanguageC．itkeepschildrenhealthyD．itmakeschildrensmarterPassage3Today,ourchildrenspendmoreandmoretimeonline.ManychildrenspendalotoftheirfreetimeplayinggamesontheInternet,onvideogamesystemsorontheirmobilephones.IntheUK,99%ofteenkidsaged8to15playvideogameseveryweek,andchildrenasyoungasfiveplayvideogamesregularly(有规律地).Thisinformationtellsthattheadvantagesanddangersofvideogamesmustbecarefullyconsidered.Formanypeople,________Theyhavebrightlights,funnycartoonsandexcitingstories.Videogamesalsomakeyouthinkinacreativewayandyouhavetomoveyourhandsandeyesquickly.Thiscanimprovethewaythatachild’sbrainworks.Videogamesalsomakechildrenusetheirimagination(想象力).Theplayerhastodomanycreativethings,likedrawingandbuildingthings.Videogamesarealsoagoodwaytoteachchildrenabouttechnologybecausetheycanlearnhowputersandotherdevices(设备)workwhiletheyplay.However,arecentstudysuggeststhatvideogamescanalsobebadforchildren.First,childrencandownload()manygamesforfree.Theydon’tneedmoney,sotheydon’tneedtoasktheirparentsiftheycandownloadthegames.Thismeansthatparentsoftendon’tknowiftheirchildrenareplayingviolent(暴力的)orscarygames.Second,manychildrenspendtoomuchtimeplayinggamesonputers,smartphonesandiPadsandthiscanleadtohealthproblems–childrenwhospendtoomuchtimeontheputeranddon’texercisecanbeeoverweight.Third,ifchildrenspendtoomuchtimeplayinggamesinsteadofdoinghomework,theycanhaveproblemsatschoolandgetbadgrades.Finally,videogamescanaffectchildren’ssocialskills,theymightnotlearnhowtoplaywiththeirfriends.Inconclusion,itseemsclearthatvideogameshavesomeadvantagesanddisadvantages.Ontheonehand,theyarefunandeducational.Ontheotherhand,theycancauseproblemswithchildren’shealthandsocialskills.Itisuptoparentstoknowwhatgamestheirchildrenareplayingandhowmuchtimetheyspendonthem.Parentsshouldalsomakesuretheirchildrengetenoughexerciseandspendtimewithotherchildren.8．WhatdoesParagraph1reallywanttotellus?A．Manychildrenhavefunplayingvideogamesrecently.B．Childrenataveryyoungageplayvideogamesregularly.C．Playingvideogameshassomanydangersthatwedon’tknow.D．Theadvantagesanddangersofvideogamesmustbefullyconsidered.9．Whichofthefollowingwouldbemostsuitablefor_________inParagraph2?A．videogamesmayhurttheireyes. B．videogamescancostlotsofmoney.C．videogamesarefunandeducational. D．videogamesareasimportantastheirlives.10．Whichisoneofthedisadvantagesofvideogames?A．Playinggamestoomuchmaymakechildrenlazyandsleepy.B．Someimpropergamesmaybedownloadedbychildrenforfree.C．Playinggamesmayleadchildrentomaketoomanyfriendsonline.D．Videogamescanmaketherelationshipbetweenchildrenandparentsworse.11．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．Practicemakesperfect. B．AllroadsleadtoRome.C．Everycoinhastwosides. D．Readingmakesafullman.Passage4RepairorReplace?Amuchusedhomeappliance（家用电器）suddenlystopsworking.Youlookatithelplessly.ShouldIrepairitorreplaceit?It’sahardquestionthatalmosteveryfamilyhasfaced.Therearesomanythingstoconsider,fromthecosttotheeffectsontheenvironment.Butyoumaynothavemuchtimetomakeadecisionjustimaginelivingwithoutafridgeinthesummer.Inarecentsurvey,morethan95percentofthe11350participants（参与者）chosetorepairabrokenappliance.Onlythreepercentchosetoreplacetheappliance.Dideachofthemmakeasmartdecision?Inmyopinion,onegreatwayoflookingattheproblemistoworkoutthecurrent（当前的）valueofyourappliance.Whenyoubuyanewhomeappliance,writedownitscostandthenumberofyearsyouexpectittolast.Dividethecostbythenumberofyears.Thiswilltellyouhowmuchvaluetheapplianceloseseachyear.Whentheappliancebreaksdown,youcanquicklyworkoutitscurrentvalue.Ifarepaircostsmorethantheappliance’scurrentvalue,youshouldreplacetheappliance.Otherwise（否则）,youmayconsiderhavingitrepaired.12．Whenahomeappliancedoesn’tworksuddenly,mostofusmay________.A．buyanewproduct B．makeadecisionslowlyC．choosetorepairit D．goonlivingwithoutit13．Whowouldmostprobablyliketoreadthistext?A．Thebossofthepany. B．Thoowneroftheappliance.C．Theclerkofthepany. D．Theengineeroftheappliance.14．Thetextisprobablyfromthepartof___________inthemagazine.A．Travel B．Life C．Science D．SportsPassage5Beforeweuploadaphotoofourselvestosocialmedia,likeWeChat,we’lluseanapptosmoothourskin,makeoureyeslookbigger,andgiveuslongereyelashesandfullerlips.Withacoupleoftouchesonourmobilephone,we’reabletopresentthebestpicturesofourselvestoothers.However,theproblemis,whenwesimplyeditourimperfections(瑕疵)away,we’realsochangingthewaywelookatourourselves.1Lastmonth,researchersfromtheUSBostonUniversitypublishedanarticleSelfies﹣LivingintheEraofFiltered(滤镜)Photographs.Thearticlelistedthebadeffectsofphotoeditingonpeopleandthepossibilitytocauseappearanceworries.2Theresearchersthinkthattheseappsmakeitdifficulttotellbetweenrealityandfantasy(虚幻).“Theseappsallowonetochangehisorherappearanceinminutesandfollowanunrealisticstandardofbeauty,”thearticlesays.3Inthepast,peoplemightparetheirlookstothosewhowerefamousthattime.Butfortoday’syoungpeople,beautystandardsaremostlikelysetbywhattheyseeonsocialmedia.“Frombirth,theyarebornintoanageofsocialplatforms,andtheirfeelingsareconnectedtohowgoodtheylook,”aBritishdoctorEschosaid.4“Nowyou’vegottheparisonofyourrealselftofakeselfthatyoupresentonsocialmedia,”ReneeEngeln,aprofessoratNorthwesternUniversity,toldtheHuffPostwebsite.Hefurtherpointedoutthatwhenpeoplespendtoomuchtimeparingwithothers,theymaybee“beautysick”andfinditdifficulttoacceptwhattheyactuallylooklike.Sowhenwelookinarealmirror,weshouldn’tthinktoourselves,“DoIlookasgoodasmyselfintheBeautyCam(美颜)?”Instead,weshouldthink,“Ifeelgood,Ihavemyhealth.”15．Whatmaypeopledobeforetheypresentthebestofthemselvesonsocialmedia?A．Wearingfalseeyelashes. B．Reddingtheirlipsbeforegoingout.C．Usingappstoeditphotos. D．Smoothingtheirskininthemorning.16．Whereshouldweputthesentence“Thisiswhymanyyoungpeoplesufferanappearanceworrieswhenitestohowtheyreallylook.”?A．(4) B．(3) C．(2) D．(1)17．Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothepassage?A．EverybodylooksasgoodashimselfintheBeautyCam.B．Theseappsmakeiteasytotellbetweenrealityandfantasy.C．Thearticlelistedthebadandgoodeffectsofphotoeditingonpeople.D．Peopletodaypaymoreattentiononhowgoodtheylookthaninthepast.18．Whatdidtheauthorwritethispassagefor?A．Tocallonpeopletocaremoreaboutappearance.B．Tocallonpeoplenottouseappsonmobilephones.C．Tocallonpeopletospendtoomuchtimeparingwithothers.D．Tocallonpeopletolearnsomethingmoreimportantthanappearance.Passage6Inrecentyears,therehavebeenmanyfilmsaboutrobotstryingtotakeovertheworld.Studiesshowthatupto20millionfactoryjobsworldwidecouldbetakenbyrobotsinthenext10years.Somepeopleareworriedaboutwhatmighthappeninthefuture.On8thSeptember,2020,theGuardianpublishedanarticlewrittenbyarobotcalledGPT3.Itwrotethat“robot”esfromtheGreekwordfor“slave”(奴隶)andhumanshavenothingtofearfromrobotsbecausetheyareonlyheretohelphumans.However,thefactthatarobotcouldwritesuchanarticlehasmadesomepeoplefeelevenmoreuneasy.Whereistherobottechnologyheading?Canrobotsandhumansworktogether?YES—they’reheretohelphumans.Robotsarecreatedbyhumansforhumans.Robotstakeonjobsthataretoodangerousforpeopletodobythemselves.Althoughrobotsmighttakesomepeople’sjobs,theywillcreatenewtypesofwork,andtheywillpossiblycreatemorejobsthantheytakeaway.Besides,robots’programmingcouldactuallymakethemmoretrustworthy(值得信赖)thanhumans,becausetheyarenotinfluencedbyfeelings.NO—humansshouldnottrustrobots.Robotsarealreadytakingovertheworld.Jobsthatusedtobedonebyhumanbeingsarenowbeingtakenbyrobots.Althoughrobotsareunderourcontrolnow,thatmightnotalwaysbethecase.AnexperimentinSwitzerlandfoundthatsomerobotshadlearnthowtolietoeachother.WiththedevelopmentofAI(人工智能),robotscouldstarttoactintheirowninterests.Whereverpossible,humansshoulddothingsthemselves.What’syouropiniononthismatter?19．HowdopeoplefeelwhenlearningthatGPT3couldwriteanarticle?A．Theyfeelrelaxed. B．Theyfeelnervous.C．Theyfeelangry. D．Theyfeelsurprised.20．Whatcan’trobotsdoaccordingtothepassage?A．Createnewtypesofwork. B．Actintheirowninterests.C．Dounsafeworkforhumans. D．Learnhowtolietohumans.21．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．GPT3willtakeovertheworld.B．Somerobotshavelearnthowtobelazy.C．Robotsarestillunderthecontrolofhumansnow.D．20millionpeoplefearthattheywilllosetheirjobs.22．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Shouldhumanstrustrobots?B．Willrobotsdoharmtohumans?C．Shouldhumansdothingsthemselves?D．Willrobotsbeetheowneroftheworld?Passage7WhenanItalianmanwenttoworkwithamask(口罩)toprotecthimselffromtheCOVID19,hewascriticized(批评)byhisworkmatesforcausingpanic(恐慌).ButinChinaandotherAsiancountries,almosteveryonewearsamaskduringoutbreaks(爆发).WhydotheEastandtheWesthavedifferentideasaboutwearingmasks?IntheWest,peoplewearmasksonlywhentheygetsick.Peopleseemasksasatooltoprotectsickpeopleandstopdisease(疾病)fromspreading,sohealthypeopledon’tneedtowearthem.Ifapersongoesoutwithamask,otherpeoplemaylookathimlikeavirus(病毒)spreader.Eventheirfriendstriedtostayawayfromthem.SomeWesternpeoplesaywearingamaskinpublicmakesthemfeel“worried”,“shy”,and“afraidofbeinglookedatdifferently”.ButasthenumberofCOVID19cases(病例)keepsgrowingaroundtheworld,moreandmorehealthypeoplearestartingtowearmaskstoprotectthemselves,peopleintheWestarechangingtheirideas.InAsiancountrieslikeChinaandJapan,wearingmasksismon.In1910,ChinesedoctorWuLiandeinventedthemodernmedicalmask.Duringthe2003SARS,peopleusedmaskswidelyinChinaandEastAsia.ManyChinesealsowearmaskstokeepwarminwinterorprotectagainstairpollution.InJapan,someyoungwomenmaywearmaskswhentheydon’thavetheirmakeup(化妆)on.ManypopstarsinAsiaalsowearmaskstoprotecttheirprivacy(隐私)whentheygoout.ThisculturalbackgroundhasmadeiteasierforpeopleintheEasttowearmasksduringtheCOVID19outbreak.23．HowdidtheItalianman’sworkmatesfeelabouthim?A．Hecausedpanic. B．Hewastooworriedtowork.C．Hedidn’twanttogotowork. D．Hewantedtoprotecthimself.24．WhydoWesternpeoplerefusetowearmasks?A．Becausetheyareafraidtolookuglywithfacemasks.B．Becausetheydon’twantotherstoknowtheyareill.C．Becausetheyhopetofortotherpeopleinthisway.D．Becausetheydon’tthinkhealthypeopleneedmasks.25．Wherewasthemodernmedicalmaskinvented?A．InEngland. B．InChina. C．InJapan. D．IntheUSA．26．WhichofthefollowingisNotTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Asianpeoplewearmaskstoprotecttheirprivacy.B．Asianpeoplewearmaskstoprotectagainstairpollution.C．Asianpeoplewearmaskstostopdiseasefromspreading.D．Asianpeoplewearmaskstomakethemlookfashionable(时尚的).27．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Westernpeople’stroubleofwearingmasks.B．ThereasonswhymasksarepopularinAsianculture.C．DifferentideasofusingmasksinEasternandWesterncountries.D．TheimportanceofwearingmasksduringtheCOVID19outbreak.Passage8Wefeelangryorguiltyaboutthethingswedidordidnotachieve,aboutthethingswecannothave,andmanyotherthings.Itseemsthateveryonecarriestheirownbademotions(情绪).Butneitherguiltnorangercanhelpus.Overtime,theycanbeheavyweightsonourshoulders.Thesebademotionsdon’tdoanythinggoodforusatall.Soyoumightaskyourself—isitpossibletoputdownthisheavyburden(负担)andgiveyourselfabreak?Itisquitepossible.Startbyactuallylookingatyourfeelings.Howdotheygetinsideofus?Whydowecarrythemforsolonginsteadofputtingthemdown?Canwelivewithoutthem?Bythinkingaboutourbademotions,wecanfindhealthywaystodealwiththem.Unhealthybehaviorsarenotthewaytodothis.Theyprovidenorelief.Instead,therearebetterwaystohandlethem.Oneofthebestwaysisforgiveness.Forgivenessisapowerfultool.Weshouldforgiveourselvesfirst.Weshouldn’tkeepbademotionsinside.Wemustalsoforgiveotherswhohavemadeusguiltyorangry.Thisisnotalwayseasy.Butwhenwelearntoforgiveourselves,itbeeseasiertoforgiveothersaswell.Thereisnothinggoodaboutcarryingyearsofemotionalburdens.Byforgivingourselvesandothers,wecanabandonourburdensandfeelbetteraboutourselves.Themomentyoudothis,youwillstarttofeelalotlighter.Yearsofheavinesswillbemagicallylifted!You’llstarttofeellikeyouhavemoreenergyandyou’llbemuchhappierwithyourlife.28．Whatisthefirststeptoremovingtheburdenofbademotions?A．Askingotherssomequestions. B．Studyingyouremotions.C．Tryingtolivewithoutthem. D．Findingwaystodealwiththem.29．Whatisonewaytodealwithbademotions?A．Keepingbademotionsinside. B．Forgettingthepast.C．Forgivingourselvesandothers. D．Findinggoodemotionstoreplacethem.30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“abandon”inthelastparagraphmean?A．putaway B．carryon C．staywith D．leavebehind31．Whatisthestorymainlyabout?A．Howtobeeanenergeticperson. B．Howtodealwithbademotions.C．Whyweshouldforgetaboutforgiveness. D．Whatweshoulddotoforgiveourownmistakes.（2022·江苏盐城·中考真题）Oneteacherpraisesastudentbysaying“You’resosmart!”Anotherteachersays,“Youmusthaveworkedreallyhardatthis!”Whichstudentdoesbetterinschool?Studiesshowthatstudentswhohearthewordsofthesecondteacherwilldobetter.Thosestudentsarelearningthattheireffortisimportant.Psychologists（心理学家）lookedatwhatstudentsdidaftertheyweregivendifferenttypesofpraise.Somestudentsweretoldthattheyweregoodatatask.Theydidn’ttryveryhardthenexttime.Otherstudentsweretoldthattheyhadworkedhardatatask.Theyworkedevenharderthenexttime.Thefirstgroupofstudentswaslearningthattheyhadasetamountofskill.Theydidn’tthinktheycoulddoanybetter.Thisiscalledafixedmindset（思维模式）.Thesecondgroupwaslearningthattheycoulddobetteriftheykepttrying.Thisiscalledagrowthmindset.Peoplewhohaveagrowthmindsetbelievethatthebraincangrow;peoplecandobetterandlearnnewskills.Iftheyworkhard,theycanbesuccessful.Howcanteachersandparentshelpstudentssucceed?Theycanfocusmainlyoneffortandnotsimplyonability.Whenstudentssucceed,teachersandparentsshouldpraisetheactualworkratherthanintelligence（智力）ortalent.Whenstudentsfail,theyshouldbetoldhowtheycandobetter.Teachers,parentsandstudentsneedtovalueeffort,notintelligence.BeliefsofFixedandGrowthMindsetsFixedMindsetGrowthMindsetThingsyou’rebornwiththatcannotchangeThingsyoucangrowandimprovewithhardworkSomethingtoavoid—couldshowlackofskillSomethingimportant—leadstosuccessThingstoavoid—incaseyouaren’tgoodenoughThingsthathelpyoulearnWhatkindofpeoplehavefewerchancestosucceedaccordingtothearticle?A．Peoplewithagrowthmindset. B．Peoplewithafixedmindset.C．Peoplewhooftenlearnfromchallenges. D．Peoplewhooftenlearnfrommistakes.33．Fromtheformwecanknowpeoplewithagrowthmindsetconsiderchallengesas________.A．thingsthey’rebornwith B．thingstheyneedtoavoidC．thingsthathelpthemlearn D．thingsthatstopthemimproving34．Howdoesthewriterorganizetheideasinthearticle?A．Bytellingstories. B．Bylistingnumbers.C．Bydrawingmindmaps. D．Byparingfacts.（2022·四川绵阳·中考真题）Doyoupareyourselftootherpeople?Perhapsyourbestfriendreceivessomethingyoureallywant,oryou’renotallowedtogotoaconcertbutyourbrotherorsisteris.Eventhoughparisonsaremonandcansometimesbehelpful,focusing(专注)onyourownprogressisimportantforyourhappiness.“Weoftenpareourselvestootherswhoaredoingbetterornotaswellasourselves.”saysDr.Jack.“ButIsuggestparingyourselftoyourpastselfandyourfutureself.Thiscanmakeyoufeelproudofwhatyou’veachievedandexcitedaboutwhatyoumightdo.Focusingonyourownpurposesismoreworthwhilethanalwaystryingtoeoutontop.”paringyourselftothosearoundyouisnaturalandweoftendoitwithoutrealizingit.Itcanhelpustobeclearaboutourachievementsandtoformfriendshipswithnewpeoplewhohavesimilarinterests.However,it’simportanttorememberthatnobodyisperfectinreallife.It’salsoimportanttotakenoteofhowtheparisonismakingyoufeel.“Ifyoubegintofeelquitelow,focusonyourownstrengths.”saysJack.Inotherwords,youcanaskyourselfquestionslike“WhatcanIdowellin?”,whichcanhelpyoutrustyourself.Maybehereyouarewondering“Whatifallmyfriendsarebetterthanme?”.Dr.Whitesaysthatjealousy(妒忌)isnotbadbutfocusingonbetteringyourownworkcanhelpyoufeeljustassuccessful.Healsomentionsthatlearningtocelebrateyourfriends’successcannotonlyhelptocheeryourfriendsupbutalsohelpyoufeelgood.Itwillencourageyoutobuildeachotherup.35．WhatdoesthewritertellusinParagraph1?A．Weshouldparewithothers. B．Weshouldsharethingswithbrothers.C．Weshouldenjoyconcertswithsisters. D．Weshouldfocusonourownprogress.36．Whyshouldyoupareyourselftoyourpastself?A．Tocareaboutothers. B．Tochangeyourpurposes.C．Toincreaseyourexcitement. D．Tobeproudofyourachievements.37．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“yourownstrengths”probablymeaninParagraph3?A．whatyou’regoodat B．whatyou’veunderstoodC．whatyou’recrazyabout D．whatyou’veexperienced38．WhatdoesDr.Whitesuggest?A．Trustingyourfriends. B．Cheeringontinysuccess.C．Celebratingothers’success. D．Formingadeepfriendship.39．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．PlanYourOwnFuture B．EnjoyYourOwnHappinessC．RunYourOwnRace D．FollowYourOwnDream（2022·浙江衢州·中考真题）OpinionsonLifeSkillsEducationAlthoughstudentsarebusystudying,itisimportanttorememberanotherareaofstudylifeskills,suchaswashingclothesandgrowingvegetables.Theyareusefulinourdailylife.Herearesomeopinionsaboutlifeskillseducation.Mrs.BlairChildrenneedtolearnmostofthelifeskillsatschool.Asparents,wecanhelpthemtakepartinactivitiesaroundthehouseandintheneighbourhood.LiPingWehavelifeskillsclassesatschool.They’requiteuseful.Theyhelpprepareforeverydayreallifesituations,fromwashingdishestopreparingameal.Theseclassesgiveusknowledgeweneedtoliveonourown.KevinI’mnotsurewhetheritisnecessarybecauseIhaven’ttriedlifeskillsclassesyet.Inmyschool,manystudentspaynoattentiontolearninglifeskills.Theydon’tthinkitwillimprovetheirchancesofgettingintocollege.MaryHavinglifeskillsclassesatschoolisimportant.Besides,thereareotherwaysforustolearnlifeskills.WecanwatchvideosontheInternet.Wecanalsolearnfromourparentsandtakepartintheactivitieswiththem.40．InKevin’sopinion,manystudentspaynoattentiontolearninglifeskillsbecause________.A．theyarenotinterestedinit B．it’shelplessforattendingcollegeC．theyarenotsurewhattolearn D．it’suselesstoimprovelivinglevel41．AccordingtoLiPing,whatcanwegetfromlifeskillseducation?A．Knowledgeforcollege. B．Chancestohelpourneighbours.C．Knowledgeforlivingalone. D．Chancestolearnfromourparents.42．Whohavethesameopiniononlifeskillseducationaccordingtothetext?A．LiPing,KevinandMary. B．Mrs.Blair,KevinandMary.C．Mrs.Blair,LiPingandKevin. D．Mrs.Blair,LiPingandMary.（2022·湖北黄石·中考真题）阅读材料，选择最佳选项。Nowadays,expertscallonhighschoolstudentstoreadasmanyliteraryclassics(文学名著)aspossible.Whatdoyouthinkofit?Linda:Wedon’thaveenoughlifeexperiences,sowemayhavedifficultyunderstandingthedeeperclassics.Butthisshouldn’tbeareasontogiveupreadingclassics.AsFrancisBaconsaid,“Readingmakesafullman;conference(谈话)areadyman;andwritinganexactman.”Curry