人教版2019高中英语新教材必修一Unit4单词详解

人教版高中英语新教材必修一Unit

4disaster

/dɪˈzɑ:stə(r)/

n. 灾难；灾害tornado /tɔ:ˈneɪdəʊ/

n. (pl.

oesoros)

龙卷风；旋风drought

/draʊt/

n. 旱灾；久旱landslide /ˈlændslaɪd/

n.

(landfall)(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡slide

/slaɪd/

vi.&vt.

(使)滑行；滑动tsunami /tsu:ˈnɑ:mi/

n.

海啸各种自然灾害：1．floodn．洪水2．hurricanen. 飓风3．sandstormn. 沙尘暴4．typhoonn. 台风5．volcanon. 火山6．snowstormn. 暴风雪7．tornadon. 龙卷风8．tsunamin. 海啸9．landsliden. 山体滑坡10．droughtn. 旱灾；干旱flood

/flʌd/

n.

洪水；大量

vi.淹没；大量涌入

vt.使灌满水；淹没befloodedwithvolcaniceruption

/vɔlˈkænɪk

ɪˈrʌpʃn/

火山喷发magnitude /ˈmægnɪtju:d/

n.

(地)震级；重大rescue

/ˈreskju:/

n.&vt.营救；救援go/etosb.'srescue＝rescuesb. 救援某人rescue...from... 把……从……营救出来①Tomrescuedaboyfromtheriveronhiswayhome.②Whenweweretrappedintheruins,thesoldierscametoour(we)rescue.damage

/ˈdæmɪdʒ/

vt. 损害；破坏

n.损坏；损失destroy

/dɪ'strɔɪ/

vt.

摧毁

；毁灭damage表示不是完全毁坏，损坏部分能修复。damage作名词时，常用短语do/causedamageto，意为“对……造成损害”；destroy指彻底毁坏以致很难修复，其名词是destructionevacuate /ɪˈvækjueɪt/

vt. 疏散；撤出

vi.撤离helicopter /ˈhelɪkɒptə(r)/ n.

直升机death /deθ/

n.

死；死亡affect

/ə'fekt/

vt.

影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动beaffectedby受……的影响；被……感动=bedeeplymoved；bedeeplytouched；beaffectedwith感染……疾病haveanaffectionfor意为“喜欢……”①Manyyoungpeoplewereaffectedbyhisstory.Theybegantodovolunteerworkforthedisabled.=Affectedbyhisstory,manyyoungpeoplebegantodovolunteerworkforthedisabled.②Affectedwithhighfever,hecontinuedwithhiswork.③Ihavemuchaffectionformymum,whosewordsandactionshaveapositiveeffectonme.shelter

/'ʃeltə(r)/

n. 避难处；居所；庇护

vt.保护；掩蔽

vi.

躲避

(风、雨或危险)crack /kræk/

n. 裂纹；裂缝

vi.&vt.(使)破裂asif

似乎；好像；仿佛＝asthough，意为“似乎；好像；仿佛”，在句中引导表语从句或方式状语从句。(1)如果所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时，从句要用陈述语气。(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，用一般过去时(be动词用were)；与过去事实相反，用haddone；与将来事实相反，用would/could/might＋动词原形。(3)asthough/if引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略。单句语法填空①Thekidswereveryfriendlywithherandevenlookeduptoherasifshewere(be)theirownmother.②Jackwasn'tsayinganythingbuttheteachersmiledathimasifhehad_done(do)somethingveryclever.③Heopenedhismouthasifto_say(say)somethingimportant.ruin

/'ru:ɪn/

n.&vt.

破坏；毁坏ruin多用于借喻中，指毁坏价值、用途等。它还可作名词，常用短语：inruins，意为“严重受损，破败不堪”；inruins

严重受损；破败不堪(1)lie/beinruins 成为废墟bereducedtoruins 沦为废墟(2)ruinoneself 毁掉自己；自取灭亡ruinone'shealth/fame 毁坏某人的健康/声誉单句语法填空①Anumberofhighbuildingshavearisenwheretherewasnothingthreeyearsagobutruins(ruin)．②WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.一句多译③他犯了个错误，这让他失去了出国的机会。→Hemadeamistake,which_ruined_his_chanceofgoingabroad.(定语从句)→Hemadeamistake,ruining_his_chanceofgoingabroad.(分词作状语)percent

/pəˈsent/

n.

百分之……

adj.&adv.每一百种

brick

/brɪk/

n.

砖；砖块metal

/'metl/

n. 金属shock

/ʃɒk/

n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克

vt.(使)震惊inshock

震惊；吃惊(1)agreatshockto... 对……是极大的震惊inshock 震惊；吃惊(2)shockedadj. 震惊的；惊讶的beshockedat/by 对……吃惊beshockedtodosth 做某事很吃惊(3)shockingadj. 令人震惊的单句语法填空①Theysatthereinshockanddisbelief.②Allofuswereshockedattheshockingnewsthatmanydeathshadbeencausedbythemountainfire.(shock)③Iwasshockedto_hear(hear)thenewsthathehadbeenfiredbythepany.句式升级④Somanypeoplewereinjuredordiedintheearthquake.Allofuswereshocked.→What_shocked_all_of_us_wasthatsomanypeoplewereinjuredordiedintheearthquake.(主语从句)→Somanypeoplewereinjuredordiedintheearthquake,which_shocked_all_of_us．(定语从句)electricity

/ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/

n. 电；电能trap

/træp/

vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套

n.

险境；陷阱betrappedin被困住trapsbintodoingsth劝说某人做某事trapsboutofdoingsth诱骗某人不做某事bury

/ˈberi/

vt.

埋葬；安葬beburiedin 埋头于；专心于buryone'sfaceinone'shands 双手掩面①Theyoungman,whoalsoseemeddeeplyburiedinthought,raisedhiseyes.②Thegirlwassittingthere，burying(bury)herfaceinherhands.(1)bury用作“使沉浸；使专心”之意时，其后常接反身代词作宾语或使用被动语态，搭配为：buryoneselfin/beburiedin(埋头于；专心于)(2)表示“专心于；致力于”的其他常用短语：bedevotedto；beabsorbed/engaged/lostin；focuson；fix/concentrate/focusone'sattentionon等单句语法填空①Withsomanypeopleburied_(bury)undertheruins,noneoftherescueworkerswouldstoptohavearest.②Buried(bury)inhisstudy,hewasn'tawarethatalltheothershadleft.③Burying(bury)hisfaceinhishands,hetriedtocontrolhisweeping.句式升级④Becauseheburiedhimselfinhisbooks,hedidn'tknowitwasrainingoutside.→Burying_himself_inhisbooks,hewasnotawareitwasrainingoutside.(动词­ing形式短语作状语)→Buried_inhisbooks,hewasnotawareitwasrainingoutside.(动词­ed形式短语作状语)breathe

/bri:ð/

vi.&vt.呼吸breathedeeply=takeadeepbreath深呼吸revive /rɪˈvaɪv/

vt.&vi.复活；(使)苏醒

revival /rɪˈvaɪvl/

n. 振兴；复苏effort

/'efət/

n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力makeanefforttodosth. 努力做某事sparenoefforttodosth. 不遗余力地做某事makeeveryeffort 尽一切努力①MyEnglishteachersparesnoeffortto_help(help)mewithmyEnglish.②Thelocalclubsaremakinganefforttointerestmoreyoungvolunteers.③Anotherreasonwhyweshouldnevergiveupisthatwecanlearnfromourmistakesonly_if_we_make_every_effort.另一个我们永不放弃的原因是：只有尽一切努力，我们才能从错误中学习。unify /ˈju:nɪfaɪ/

vi.&vt.

统一；(使)成一体wisdom

/ˈwɪzdəm/

n. 智慧；才智context

/ˈkɒntekst/

n. 上下文；语境；背景suffer

/ˈsʌfə/

vt. 遭受；蒙受

vi.

(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦(1)sufferpain/defeat/loss 遭受痛苦/失败/损失sufferfrom 遭受；患病Itistruethatwemaysufferfromfailurefromtimetotime.However,itisimportantthatweneverlosetheenthusiasmtokeepontrying.(2)sufferingn. 苦恼；让人痛苦的事sufferern. 患难者；患病者①paredwiththosewhoareengagedinmanuallabor,teachersaresuffering_fromgreatermentalstressnowadays.②Thereisnodenyingthatourearthissufferingseveredamage.③Theoldmanissaidtohavegonethroughvarietiesofsufferings(suffer)duringthewar.句式升级④Johnhassufferedfromlungcancerformanyyears.Hehasdecidedtogiveupsmoking.→Having_suffered_from_lung_cancer_for_many_years,_Johnhasdecidedtogiveupsmoking.(动词­ing形式短语作状语)volcano

/vɒlˈkeɪnəʊ/

n.

(pl.

oesoros)火山erupt

/ɪˈrʌpt/

vi.&vt.

(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出supply

/səˈplaɪ/

n. 供应(量)；补给；[pl.]

补给品

vt.

供应；供给(1)inshortsupply 短缺Thenaturalresources,suchascoalandoil,areinshortsupplyinthiscountry.haveagoodsupplyof... 备有许多……school/medicalsupplies 学校/医疗用品(2)supplysthtosb=supplysbwithsth 为某人提供某物Moreover,thepetitionwillsupplyyouwithachancetodevelopyourcreativityandbuildfriendshipwithotherstudents.单句语法填空①Forthebiggeststadiumsintheworld,wehaveuseddatasupplied(supply)bytheWorldAtlaslistsofar.②Thenaturalresources,suchascoalandoil,areinshortsupplyinthiscountry.一句多译③此外，这次竞争将会给你提供一个机会，帮助你发展创造力，与志同道合的同学建立友谊。→Moreover,thepetitionwillsupply_you_with_a_chancetodevelopyourcreativityandbuildfriendshipwithotherstudentswhosharethesameinterestwithyou.→Moreover,thepetitionwillsupply_a_chance_toyoutodevelopyourcreativityandbuildfriendshipwithotherstudentswhosharethesameinterestwithyou.[联想]其他表示“为某人提供某物”的短语(1)providesbwithsth＝providesthforsb(2)offersbsth＝offersthtosbtyphoon

/taɪˈfu:n/

n. 台风intheopenair

露天；在户外hurricane

/ˈhʌrɪkən/

n.

(尤指大西洋的)飓风survive

/səˈvaɪv/

vi. 生存；存活

vt.

幸存；艰难度过(1)survivefrom 从……中幸存TheXi'anCityWallisthemostpletecitywallthathas_survived(survive)China'slonghistory.surviveon 依靠……生存下来Idon'tknowhowyouallmanagetosurviveonJeremy'ssalary.survive...by... 比……多活了……AsfarasIknow，theoldladysurvivedherhusbandby5years.(2)survivorn. 幸存者survivaln. [U]幸存；[C]残存物单句语法填空/完成句子①Thelocalgovernmentsmadegreateffortstobuildsheltersforpeoplewhosurvived(survive)thehurricane.②Ifhecouldn'tfindhiswayoutoftheforest,therewouldbelittlechanceofsurvival(survive)．③Theplanecrashedinanareaofdensejungle.Therewerenosurvivors(survive)．句式升级④Aftershehadsurvivedthatnight,shewasconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.→Having_survived_that_night,_shewasconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.(分词作状语)power

/ˈpaʊə(r)/

n. 电力供应；力量；控制力(1)beinpower 掌权，执政(表示状态)eto/intopower 上台，执政withinone'spower 在某人的能力之内beyondone'spower 超出某人的能力(2)havethepowertodosth 有能力做某事(3)powerfuladj. 强有力的，强大的单句语法填空①Thoughhehasbeeninpowerfortwoyears,hehasn'tfoundaneffectivesolutiontothecountry'seconomicproblems.②Unfortunately,it'sbeyondmypowertogetthroughtheworkinsuchashorttime.③Itseemsobviousthatthesehavemadehumankindthemostpowerful(power)animalonearth.一句多译④我决定尽一切努力做一名合格的志愿者。→IhavedecidedthatIwill_do_everything_in_my_powertoworkasaqualifiedvolunteer.(power)→IhavemadeupmymindthatIwill_make_every_effort_to/spare_no_effort_toworkasaqualifiedvolunteer.(effort)[联想]其他表示“竭尽全力做某事”的常用表达①do/tryone'sbesttodosth②makeeveryefforttodosthtap /tæp/

vi.&vt.

轻叩；轻敲；轻拍

n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲pipe

/paɪp/

n. 管子；管道whistle/ˈwɪsl/

vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声

vt.

吹口哨n.

哨子(声)；呼啸声emergency

/iˈmɜ:dʒənsi/

n. 突发事件；紧急情况calm

/kɑ:m/

adj. 镇静的；沉着的

vt.使平静；使镇静keepcalm保持镇静calmdown镇静下来aid

/eɪd/

n. 援助；帮助；救援物资

vi.&vt.

(formal)

帮助；援助kit

/kɪt/

n. 成套工具；成套设备firstaidkit

急救箱onhand 现有(尤指帮助)crash

/kræʃ/

vt.&vi.碰撞；撞击

n.撞车；碰撞sweep

/swi:p/

vt.&vi.

(swept,swept)

打扫；清扫sweepaway 消灭；彻底消除wave

/weɪv/

n. 海浪；波浪

vi.&vt.挥手；招手strike

/straɪk/

vi.&vt.

(struck,struck/stricken)

侵袭；突击；击打

n.

罢工；罢课；袭击Itstrikessb.that...某人突然想起……sth.strikesb.某人突然想起某事bestruckby被……打动/迷住strike...intoone'sheart使……刻骨铭心A．打B．使突然想起C．罢工 D．灾难、疾病等袭击E．划(火柴) F．(钟)敲根据语境选出strike的含义。1．WhenIenteredtheroom,theclockhadjuststr