大学英语3-2022-2023第一学期学习通超星期末考试答案章节答案2024年

大学英语3-2022-2023第一学期学习通超星期末考试章节答案2024年unit2sectionC

答案:brainfunctions;lessambitious;computable;adaptneutralconnections;memoryblocks;manydifferentanglesunit2sectionBPASSAGE2

答案:ABDCAunit2sectionBPASSAGE1

答案:CDBDAunit2sectionA

答案:HAGBJIDCFEUNIT1SECTIONC

答案:goldbars;spotprice;purity;scratches;manyuniquecosts/

uniquecosts;significantaffectUNIT1SECTIONBPASSAGE1

答案:DACCA请将分级阅读答案填至空格处，无需空格，如ABCDunit1sectionA

答案:EJAMKCHLFB段落翻译

答案:Iacquiredthehabitofreadingearlyinlife.Mymother,whooncetaughtgradeschool,knowsalltoowellthatreadingisnotonlyaprincipaltooltoboostacademicperformancebutalsoplaysacriticalroleinpromotingachild'sintellectualgrowth.SheusedtoreadtomebeforeIcouldreadonmyown.AssoonasIknewenoughwords,sheassignedmeabooktoreadeveryweek.BeforeIproceededtothenextone,shewouldencouragemetosummarize,inspokenorwrittenwords,whatIhadlearnedfromit,anditwasthroughthispracticethatIexpandedmyknowledgeoftheworldandperfectedmylanguageskills.Forsometimeinmyteens,Ievenharboredanambitionofbecomingaprofessionalwriter.Overtime,readingbecamenotonlyahabitbutapassionforme,somuchsothatIendedupbeingaheadlibrarianinthecitylibrary,workingwithandamongbooksalldaylong.课后练习选词填空

答案:insert;critical;foster;Frownfrowns;initial;phenomena;investigate;mattered;await;(10)onoccasion;(11)promote;(12)relevant;(13)valid;(14)makeupfor;(15)reliance请围绕本学期大学英语-3课程写中文1000字的学习心得体会。1、可以写学习到的内容；2、可以总结学习方法；3、可以总结自己在英语学习中的优点和不足；4、可以写对老师或课程的意见与建议；5、坚决不允许抄袭，一经发现一律0分处理。

答案:开放题U4SECTIONC

答案:vulnerable;physicallimitations;ruintheimage;reducedimmunesystem;collaboration;cooperationandsolidarityU4SECTIONB

答案:ACDBD;CADBDU4SECTIONA

答案:ECHDAGFBJIU3SECTIONC

答案:employers;incorporatevideoresumes;traditionalresumes;optionaltask;personality;bemindfulU3SECTIONBPASSAGE

答案:DBACC;DABCBU3SECTIONA

答案:CFDNK放不够还可以放这里

答案:无请提交带有字迹的页面照片

答案:无U6SECTIONC

答案:forcedmarriages;cameintoeffect;criminaloffence;consent;prisonsentence;additionalcrimesU6SECTIONB

答案:CABBD;BCADCU6SECTIONA

答案:FGAHJCKBIDU5SECTIONC

答案:toflowsmoothly;tradeprotectionism;tradebarriers;fastereconomicgrowth;developingcountries;extraassistanceU5SECTIONBPASSAGE

答案:CDABC;DBCBDU5SECTIONA

答案:KJIGHCBDELLearningpopularmovielinesreallyhelpsyourEnglishsound__________.

答案:authenticThepartybeganto__________aroundmidnight.

答案:breakupThismoneyisbarelyenoughformeto_________afewdays.

答案:getbyThequestionofthe_________oftheuniverseisstillhotlydebatedbyscientists.

答案:originPleasestateyouroccupationandplaceof_________.

答案:residenceHeused_______visualstogethispointacross.

答案:strikingHersymptomsaremore___________thanphysical.

答案:psychologicalMorethanhalfofAmericanworkersdon’t

alloftheirallottedvacationdayseachyear.

答案:useupTheytradeonpeople’sinsecuritytosellthem

.

答案:insuranceforjobscanbealongandpainfulprocess.

答案:ApplyingHe’snotthefirst

persontotrytobuyinfluenceandsocialstandinginacommunity.

答案:affluentTheroomwaslitteredwith_________

newspapers.

答案:discardedOnemustpayafinefor

librarybooks.

答案:overdueTherecentmurderhappenedinbroaddaylightina__________“safe”partofLondon.

答案:supposedlyNowdogscould

provideuswiththegreatestgiftofall.

答案:beabouttoTheresearchwascarriedoutona

scale.

答案:modestThemoon__________aforceontheearththatcausesthetides.

答案:exertsSectionCMatchingParagraphswithInformationDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymatchingthecorrespondingletterwitheachstatement.

Richdad，poordad[A]Ihadtwofathers,arichoneandapoorone.Onewashighlyeducatedandintelligent;hehadaPh.D.andcompletedfouryearsofundergraduateworkinlessthantwoyears.HethenwentontoStanfordUniversity,theUniversityofChicago,andNorthwesternUniversitytodohisadvancedstudies,allonfullfinancialscholarships.Theotherfatherneverfinishedtheeighthgrade.[B]Bothmenweresuccessfulintheircareers,workinghardalltheirlives.Bothearnedsubstantialincomes.Yetonestruggledfinanciallyallhislife.TheotherwouldbecomeoneoftherichestmeninHawaii.Onediedleavingtensofmillionsofdollarstohisfamily,charitiesandhischurch.Theotherleftbillstobepaid.Bothmenwerestrong,charismaticandinfluential.Bothmenofferedmeadvice,buttheydidnotadvisethesamethings.Bothmenbelievedstronglyineducationbutdidnotrecommendthesamecourseofstudy.[C]IfIhadhadonlyonedad,Iwouldhavehadtoacceptorrejecthisadvice.Havingtwodadsadvisingmeofferedmethechoiceofcontrastingpointsofview;oneofarichmanandoneofapoorman.Insteadofsimplyacceptingorrejectingoneortheother,Ifoundmyselfthinkingmore,comparingandthenchoosingformyself.[D]Theproblemwas,therichmanwasnotrichyetandthepoormannotyetpoor.Bothwerejuststartingoutontheircareers,andbothwerestrugglingwithmoneyandfamilies.Buttheyhadverydifferentpointsofviewaboutthesubjectofmoney.Forexample,onedadwouldsay,"Theloveofmoneyistherootofallevil."Theother,"Thelackofmoneyistherootofallevil."[E]

Asayoungboy,havingtwostrongfathersbothinfluencingmewasdifficult.Iwantedtobeagoodsonandlisten,butthetwofathersdidnotsaythesamethings.Thecontrastintheirpointsofview,particularlywheremoneywasconcerned,wassoextremethatIgrewcuriousandintrigued.Ibegantostartthinkingforlongperiodsoftimeaboutwhateachwassaying.[F]Muchofmyprivatetimewasspentreflecting,askingmyselfquestionssuchas,"Whydoeshesaythat?"andthenaskingthesamequestionoftheotherdad'sstatement.Itwouldhavebeenmucheasiertosimplysay,"Yeah,he'sright.Iagreewiththat."Ortosimplyrejectthepointofviewbysaying,"Theoldmandoesn'tknowwhathe'stalkingabout."Instead,havingtwodadswhomIlovedforcedmetothinkandultimatelychooseawayofthinkingformyself.Asaprocess,choosingformyselfturnedouttobemuchmorevaluableinthelongrun,ratherthansimplyacceptingorrejectingasinglepointofview.[G]Oneofthereasonstherichgetricher,thepoorgetpoorer,andthemiddleclassstrugglesindebtisbecausethesubjectofmoneyistaughtathome,notinschool.Mostofuslearnaboutmoneyfromourparents.Sowhatcanapoorparenttelltheirchildaboutmoney?Theysimplysay"Stayinschoolandstudyhard."Thechildmaygraduatewithexcellentgradesbutwithapoorperson'sfinancialprogrammingandmind-set.Itwaslearnedwhilethechildwasyoung.Moneyisnottaughtinschools.Schoolsfocusonscholasticandprofessionalskills,butnotonfinancialskills.Thisexplainshowsmartbankers,doctorsandaccountantswhoearnedexcellentgradesinschoolmaystillstrugglefinanciallyalloftheirlives.Ourstaggeringnationaldebtisdueinlargeparttohighlyeducatedpoliticiansandgovernmentofficialsmakingfinancialdecisionswithlittleornotrainingonthesubjectofmoney.[H]Ioftenlookaheadtothenewmillenniumandwonderwhatwillhappenwhenwehavemillionsofpeoplewhowillneedfinancialandmedicalassistance.Theywillbedependentontheirfamiliesorthegovernmentforfinancialsupport.WhatwillhappenwhenMedicareandSocialSecurityrunoutofmoney?Howwillanationsurviveifteachingchildrenaboutmoneycontinuestobelefttoparents--mostofwhomwillbe,oralreadyare,poor?[I]BecauseIhadtwoinfluentialfathers,Ilearnedfrombothofthem.Ihadtothinkabouteachdad'sadvice,andindoingso,Igainedvaluableinsightintothepowerandeffectofone'sthoughtsonone'slife.Forexample,onedadhadahabitofsaying,"Ican'taffordit."Theotherdadforbadethosewordstobeused.HeinsistedIsay,"HowcanIaffordit?"Oneisastatement,andtheotherisaquestion.Oneletsyouoffthehook,andtheotherforcesyoutothink.Mysoon-to-be-richdadwouldexplainthatbyautomaticallysayingthewords"Ican'taffordit,"yourbrainstopsworking.Byaskingthequestion"HowcanIaffordit?"yourbrainisputtowork.Hedidnotmeantobuyeverythingyouwanted.Hewasfanaticalaboutexercisingyourmind,themostpowerfulcomputerintheworld."MybraingetsstrongereverydaybecauseIexerciseit.Thestrongeritgets,themoremoneyIcanmake."Hebelievedthatautomaticallysaying"Ican'taffordit"wasasignofmentallaziness.[J]Althoughbothdadsworkedhard,Inoticedthatonedadhadahabitofputtinghisbraintosleepwhenitcametomoneymatters,andtheotherhadahabitofexercisinghisbrain.Thelong-termresultwasthatonedadgrewstrongerfinanciallyandtheothergrewweaker.Itisnotmuchdifferentfromapersonwhogoestothegymtoexerciseonaregularbasisversussomeonewhositsonthecouchwatchingtelevision.Properphysicalexerciseincreasesyourchancesforhealth,andpropermentalexerciseincreasesyourchancesforwealth.Lazinessdecreasesbothhealthandwealth.[K]Mytwodadshadopposingattitudesinthought.Onedadthoughtthattherichshouldpaymoreintaxestotakecareofthoselessfortunate.Theothersaid,"Taxespunishthosewhoproduceandrewardthosewhodon'tproduce."Onedadrecommended,"Studyhardsoyoucanfindagoodcompanytoworkfor."Theotherrecommended,"Studyhardsoyoucanfindagoodcompanytobuy."[L]Onedadsaid,"ThereasonI'mnotrichisbecauseIhaveyoukids."Theothersaid,"ThereasonImustberichisbecauseIhaveyoukids."Oneencouragedtalkingaboutmoneyandbusinessatthedinnertable.Theotherforbadethesubjectofmoneytobediscussedoverameal.Onesaid,"Whenitcomestomoney,playitsafe,don'ttakerisks."Theothersaid,"Learntomanagerisk."Onebelieved,"Ourhomeisourlargestinvestmentandourgreatestasset."Theotherbelieved,"Myhouseisaliability,andifyourhouseisyourlargestinvestment,you'reintrouble."Bothdadspaidtheirbillsontime,yetonepaidhisbillsfirstwhiletheotherpaidhisbillslast.[M]Onedadbelievedinacompanyorthegovernmenttakingcareofyouandyourneeds.Hewasalwaysconcernedaboutpayraises,retirementplans,medicalbenefits,sickleave,vacationdaysandotherperks.Hewasimpressedwithtwoofhisuncleswhojoinedthemilitaryandearnedaretirementandentitlementpackageforlifeaftertwentyyearsofactiveservice.HelovedtheideaofmedicalbenefitsandPXprivilegesthemilitaryprovideditsretirees.Healsolovedthetenuresystemavailablethroughtheuniversity.Theideaofjobprotectionforlifeandjobbenefitsseemedmoreimportant,attimes,thanthejob.Hewouldoftensay,"I'veworkedhardforthegovernment,andI'mentitledtothesebenefits."Theotherbelievedintotalfinancialself-reliance.Hespokeoutagainstthe"entitlement"mentalityandhowitwascreatingweakandfinanciallyneedypeople.Hewasemphaticaboutbeingfinanciallycompetent.[N]Onedadstruggledtosaveafewdollars.Theothersimplycreatedinvestments.OnedadtaughtmehowtowriteanimpressiveresumesoIcouldfindagoodjob.TheothertaughtmehowtowritestrongbusinessandfinancialplanssoIcouldcreatejobs.[O]Beingaproductoftwostrongdadsallowedmetheluxuryofobservingtheeffectsdifferentthoughtshaveonone'slife.Inoticedthatpeoplereallydoshapetheirlifethroughtheirthoughts.Forexample,mypoordadalwayssaid,"I'llneverberich."Andthatprophesybecamereality.Myrichdad,ontheotherhand,alwaysreferredtohimselfasrich.Hewouldsaythingslike,"I'marichman,andrichpeopledon'tdothis."Evenwhenhewasflatbrokeafteramajorfinancialsetback,hecontinuedtorefertohimselfasarichman.Hewouldcoverhimselfbysaying,"Thereisadifferencebetweenbeingpoorandbeingbroke--Brokeistemporary,andpooriseternal."Mypoordadwouldalsosay,"I'mnotinterestedinmoney,"or"Moneydoesn'tmatter."Myrichdadalwayssaid,"Moneyispower."[P]Thepowerofourthoughtsmayneverbemeasuredorappreciated,butitbecameobvioustomeasayoungboytobeawareofmythoughtsandhowIexpressedmyself.Inoticedthatmypoordadwaspoornotbecauseoftheamountofmoneyheearned,whichwassignificant,butbecauseofhisthoughtsandactions.Asayoungboy,havingtwofathers,IbecameacutelyawareofbeingcarefulwhichthoughtsIchosetoadoptasmyown.WhomshouldIlistento-myrichdadormypoordad?[Q]Althoughbothmenhadtremendousrespectforeducationandlearning,theydisagreedinwhattheythoughtwasimportanttolearn.Onewantedmetostudyhard,earnadegreeandgetagoodjobtoworkformoney.Hewantedmetostudytobecomeaprofessional,anattorneyoranaccountantortogotobusinessschoolformyMBA.Theotherencouragedmetostudytoberich,tounderstandhowmoneyworksandtolearnhowtohaveitworkforme."Idon'tworkformoney!"werewordshewouldrepeatoverandover,"Moneyworksforme!"Attheageof9,Idecidedtolistentoandlearnfrommyrichdadaboutmoney.Indoingso,Ichosenottolistentomypoordad,eventhoughhewastheonewithallthecollegedegrees.

答案:M;D;Q;A;F;G;P;B;I;K;______

Thetwofathershaddifferentviewsontaxation.

答案:M;D;Q;A;F;G;P;B;I;K______

Whenitcomestoexcessivebills,thetwofathersthinkandexpressdifferently.

答案:M;D;Q;A;F;G;P;B;I______

Ithinkthatmypoordadwaspoorbecauseofhisthoughtsandactions.

答案:M;D;Q;A;F;G;P______

Thesubjectofmoneyistaughtathome,notinschool.Mostpeoplelearnaboutmoneyfromtheirparents.

答案:M;D;Q;A;F;G______

Mypoordadwastheonewithallthecollegedegrees.

答案:M;D;Q______

Thetwofathershadverydifferentpointsofviewaboutthesubjectofmoney.

答案:M;D______

Oneofthefathersisveryconcernedaboutthevariousrelatedlivelihoodpoliciesissuedbythegovernment.

答案:MSectionBBankedClozeDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithseveralblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

I’mnotmakinganywherenearasmuchmoneyasIdidwhenIwasemployedfulltime,butnowwedon’tneedasmucheither.I1)_________________enoughincometohandleour$600-a-monthmortgagepaymentsplustheusualexpensesforafamilylikeours.Thatincludeseverythingfrommusiclessonsanddentalbillstocarrepairsandcollegecosts.Whenitcomestoinsurance,wehaveapoorman’smajor-medicalpolicy.Wehavetopaythefirst$500ofanymedicalfeesforeachmemberofthefamily.It2)_________________80%ofthecostsbeyondthat.Althoughwearestuckwithpayingminorexpenses,ourpremiumislow—only$560ayear—andweare3)_________________againstcatastrophe.4)_________________thatandthepolicyonourtwocarsat$400ayear,wehavenootherinsurance.Butwearesettingaside$2,000ayearinanIRA.

We’vebeenabletomakeupthedifferenceinincomeby5)_________________withoutappreciablyloweringourstandardofliving.Wecontinuetodineoutonceortwiceamonth,butnowwepatronizelocalrestaurants6)_________________moreexpensiveplacesinthecity.WestillattendtheoperaandballetinMilwaukeebutonlyafewtimesayear.Weeatlessmeat,drinkcheaperwineandseefewermovies.7)_________________Christmasesareamemory,andwecombinevacationswithstoryassignments…

Isuspectnoteveryonewholovesthecountrywouldbehappylivingthewaywedo.Ittakesacoupleofspecialqualities.Oneisa8)_________________forsolitude.Becausewearesobusyandonsuchatightbudget,wedon’tentertainmuch.Duringthegrowingseasonthereisnotimeforsocializinganyway.JimandEmilyare9)_________________inschoolactivities,buttheytoospendmostoftheirtimeathome.

Theotherrequirementisenergy—alotofit.Thewaytomakeself-sufficiencyworkonasmallscaleistoresistthe10)_________________tobuyatractorandotherexpensivelaborsavingdevices.Instead,youdotheworkyourself.Theonlymachineryweown(notcountingthelawnmower)isalittlethree-horsepowerrotarycultivatoranda16-inchchainsaw.

(A)picksup(B)temptation(C)given(D)generate(E)involved(F)insteadof(G)Extravagant(H)cuttingup(I)cuttingback(J)endurance(K)covered(L)Asidefrom(M)tolerance(N)exotic(O)pay

答案:D;generate;A;picksup;K;covered;L;Asidefrom;I;cuttingback;F;insteadof;G;Extravagant;M;tolerance;E;involved;B;temptation;10)______

答案:D;generate;A;picksup;K;covered;L;Asidefrom;I;cuttingback;F;insteadof;G;Extravagant;M;tolerance;E;involved;B;temptation9)_____

答案:D;generate;A;picksup;K;covered;L;Asidefrom;I;cuttingback;F;insteadof;G;Extravagant;M;tolerance;E;involved8)______

答案:D;generate;A;picksup;K;covered;L;Asidefrom;I;cuttingback;F;insteadof;G;Extravagant;M;tolerance7)______

答案:D;generate;A;picksup;K;covered;L;Asidefrom;I;cuttingback;F;insteadof;G;Extravagant6)______

答案:D;generate;A;picksup;K;covered;L;Asidefrom;I;cuttingback;F;insteadof5)______

答案:D;generate;A;picksup;K;covered;L;Asidefrom;I;cuttingback4)______

答案:D;generate;A;picksup;K;covered;L;Asidefrom3)____

答案:D;generate;A;picksup;K;covered2)_____

答案:D;generate;A;picksup1)____

答案:D;generateWecaninferfromthepassagethatGMfoodwill______________.

答案:bewell-acceptedbysomeconsumers"Butthelessonofpersonalcomputersisapplicablehere”(inthelastparagraph)probablymeansthat______________.

答案:oncethetechnologyhasbeendevelopedforprofitableproducts,itwillenterintoourdailylifeIftheworldpopulationgrowstotenorelevenbillionbytheyear2050,______________.

答案:foodproductionshouldbeincreasedtothreetimesthatoftodayConsumerspreferGMfoodtoconventionalfoodbecause______________.

答案:GMfoodreceiveslesspesticideapplicationTheintroductionofGMfoodwillaffect_______________.

答案:food-buyingpatternsWhendidthenumberofwhite-collarworkersbecomebiggerthanthatoftheblue-collarworkersinAmerica?

答案:In1950orsoThefirstgroupofblue-collarworkersweremostlikelytobe______________inthepast.

答案:farmersAgold-collarworker______________.

答案:knowsmorethanonekindofknowledgeorskillComparedwithablue-collarworker,agold-collarworker______________.

答案:ismoreskillfulintechnologyInthefirstparagraph,theword"projects"canbebestreplacedby____________.

答案:predictsWhatdoesthespeakersayabouttalent?

答案:ItdoesnotcometoanythingwithouthardworkWhatisthespeaker'sadvicetohisaudience?

答案:LovingtheworktheydoWhatdowelearnaboutthespeaker?

答案:Heisself-employedWhatdoesthemanhopetodonext?

答案:PasshisroadtestthefirsttimeWhatdoesthemansayabouthisdrivinglessons?

答案:Theyarecostly.Whydidhefailtheexamthefirsttime?

答案:Hewasnotwellprepared.Whatdidthemandoyesterday?

答案:Hetookthedriver'stheoryexamWhichofthefollowingisnotanitemthatthecompanywillrecycleaccordingtothenewsreport?

答案:FishinghookECOALFthinksthatwhenitcomestonewclothes,styleis__________.

答案:importantWhydoestheclothingcompanyECOALFuserecycledmaterialstomakeclothes?

答案:ItconsiderstheenvironmentmoreShanghaiisbustling____________________________,highlycosmopoliatan.

答案:metropolisTherobotwasprogrammedto______________aseriesofhumanmovements.

答案:mimicShetravelledtheworld__________________herdreams.

答案:inpursuitofHeshouldbe_______________forhiscourage.

答案:applaudedHisperformanceyesterdaymorning_______________himofarecordeightmedal.

答案:assuredSomeproblemscannotbetackledsolely__________________.

答案:onone’sownWewere_____________politetoobject.

答案:alltooMy_____________reactionwastodeclinetheoffer.

答案:initialThey’restill________________theaccident.

答案:investigatingHesaidthatdevelopedcountrieshadaresponsibilityto_____________globaleconomicgrowthtohelpnewdemocracies.

答案:fosterHeispoor,________________hecanhardlygetenoughtolive.

答案:somuchsothatEveryonelosestemper______________,sodon’tblameyourselftoohard.

答案:onoccasionTherockshaveerodedaway_____________.

答案:overtimeThe_____________reasonformychangeofmymindisthis.

答案:principalThedifficultyofaproblemwasdefined_______________howlongittooktocomplete.

答案:intermsofHeprovideduswithascientificexplanationofnatural________________.

答案:phenomenonEconomicdevelopmentishighly______________toenvironmentalprotection.

答案:relevantBasically,thearticlecanbe______________inthreesentences.

答案:summarizedSectionCMatchingParagraphswithInformation

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymatchingthecorrespondingletterwitheachstatement.

Joy:ASubjectSchoolsLack

Becomingeducatedshouldnotrequiregivinguppleasure.A)WhenJonathanSwiftproposed,in1729,thatthepeopleofIrelandeattheirchildren,heinsisteditwouldsolvethreeproblemsatonce:feedthehungrymasses,reducethepopulationduringaseveredepression,andstimulatetherestaurantbusiness.Evenasasatire(讽刺),itseemsdisgustingandshockinginAmericawithitschild-centeredculture.Butactually,thecountryisclosertohisproposalthanyoumightthink.

B)Ifyouspendmuchtimewitheducatorsandpolicymakers,you'llhearalotofthefollowingwords:“standards,”“results,”“skills,”“self-control,”“accountability,”andsoon.Ihavevisitedsomeofthenewersupposedly“effective”schools,wherechildrenshoutslogansinordertolearnself-controlormuststandbehindtheirdeskwhentheycan'tsitstill.

C)Alookatwhatgoesoninmostclassroomsthesedaysmakesitabundantlyclearthatwhenpeoplethinkabouteducation,theyarenotthinkingaboutwhatitfeelsliketobeachild,orwhatmakeschildhoodanimportantandvaluablestageoflifeinitsownright.

D)I’mamotherofthree,ateacher,andadevelopmentalpsychologist.SoI’vewatchedalotofchildren—talking,playing,arguing,eating,studying,andbeingyoung.Here’swhatI’vecometounderstand.Thethingthatsetschildrenapartfromadultsisnottheirignorance,northeirlackofskills.It’stheirenormouscapacityforjoy.Thinkofa3-year-oldlostinthepleasuresoffindingoutwhathecanandcannotsinkinthebathtub,a5-year-oldbesideherselfwiththethrillofputtingtogetherstringsofnonsensicalwordswithherbestfriends,oran11-year-oldcompletelyabsorbedinafascinatingcomicstrip.Achild’sabilitytobecomedeeplyabsorbedinsomething,andderiveintensepleasurefromthatabsorption,issomethingadultsspendtherestoftheirlivestryingtoreturnto.

E)Afriendtoldmethefollowingstory.Oneday,whenhewenttogethis7-year-oldsonfromsoccerpractice,hiskidgreetedhimwithadowncastfaceandasadvoice.Thecoachhadcriticizedhimfornotfocusingonhissoccerdrills.Thelittleboywalkedoutoftheschoolwithhisheadandshouldershangingdown.Heseemedwrappedinsadness.Butjustbeforehereachedthecardoor,hesuddenlystopped,crouching(蹲伏)downtopeeratsomethingonthesidewalk.Hisfacewentdownlowerandlower,andthen,withcompletejoyhecalledout,“Dad.Comehere.ThisisthestrangestbugI'veeverseen.Ithas,like,amillionlegs.Lookatthis.It’samazing.”Helookedupathisfather,hisfeaturesoverflowingwithenergyanddelight.“Can’twestayhereforjustaminute?Iwanttofindoutwhathedoeswithallthoselegs.Thisisthecoolestever.”

F)Thetraditionalviewofsuchmomentsisthattheyconstituteacharmingbutirrelevantbyproductofyouth—somethingtobepushedasidetomakeroomformoreimportantqualities,likeperseverance(坚持不懈),obligation,andpracticality.Yetmomentslikethisonearejustthekindofintenseabsorptionandpleasureadultsspendtherestoftheirlivesseeking.Humanlivesaregovernedbythedesiretoexperiencejoy.Becomingeducatedshouldnotrequiregivingupjoybutratherleadtofindingjoyinnewkindsofthings:readingnovelsinsteadofplayingwithsmallfigures,conductingexperimentsinsteadofsinkingcupsinthebathtub,anddebatingseriousissuesratherthanstringingtogethernonsensewords,forexample.Insomecases,schoolsshouldhelpchildrenfindnew,moregrown-upwaysofdoingthesamethingsthatareconstantsourcesofjoy:makingart,makingfriends,makingdecisions.

G)Buildingonachild'sabilitytofeeljoy,ratherthanpushingitaside,wouldn'tbethathard.Itwouldjustrequireashiftintheeducationworld'smindset(思维模式).Insteadoftryingtogetchildrentoworkhard,whynotfocusongettingthemtotakepleasureinmeaningful,productiveactivity,likemakingthings,workingwithothers,exploringideas,andsolvingproblems?Thesefocusesarenotsodifferentfromthethingsinwhichtheydelight.

H)Beforeyoubrushthisargumentasideasrubbish,orthinkofjoyasanunaffordableluxuryinanationwherethereisawfulpoverty,lowacademicachievement,andhighdropoutrates,thinkagain.Themorehorribletheschoolcircumstances,themoreimportantpleasureistoachievinganyeducationalsuccess.

I)Manyoftheassignmentsandrulesteacherscomeupwith,oftenbecausetheyarepressuredbytheiradministrators,treatpleasureandjoyastheenemiesofcompetenceandresponsibility.Theassumptionisthatchildrenshouldn’tchatintheclassroombecauseithindershardwork;instead,theyshouldlearntodelaygratification(快乐)sothattheycanpursueabstractgoals,likegoingtocollege.

J)Notonlyisthisaboringandawfulwaytotreatchildren,itmakesnosenseeducationally.Decadesofresearchhaveshownthatinordertoacquireskillsandrealknowledgeinschool,kidsneedtowanttolearn.Youcanforceachildtostayinhisorherseat,filloutaworksheet,orpracticedivision.Butyoucan’tforcethechildtothinkcarefully,enjoybooks,digestcomplexinformation,ordevelopatasteforlearning.Tomakethathappen,youhavetohelpthechildfindpleasureinlearning—toseeschoolasasourceofjoy.

K)Adultstendtotalkaboutlearningasifitweremedicine:unpleasant,butnecessaryandgoodforyou.Whynotinsteadthinkoflearningasifitwerefood—somethingsovaluabletohumansthattheyhaveevolvedtoexperienceitasapleasure?

L)Joyshouldnotbetrainedoutofchildre