（外研版）新高考英语一轮复习讲义 选择性必修第四册　Unit 5 Into the unknown

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1．pyramidn．金字塔2．canaln．运河3．tropicaladj.来自热带的；产于热带的4．cyclonen．气旋；旋风5．megadroughtn．超级干旱6．downfalln．衰败7．getawayn．逃跑，逃走8．subduev．克制，抑制(情绪)9．theunknown不为人知的地方，人类尚未到达的地方10．unchartedadj.地图上没有标明的11．delvev．探索，探究12．shipwreckn．失事的船；沉船13．archaeologicaladj.考古学的；考古的14．coraln．珊瑚15．millimetren．毫米16．barreleyen．管眼鱼17．upwardsadv.向上，朝上18．trenchn．海沟19．equivalentadj.等同的；等值的；相当的20．stackv．(使)整齐地堆起；摞起21．furthermoreadv.此外；而且；不仅如此22．vesseln．船；舰23．vol(＝volume)n．(书的)卷，册Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．intriguev．(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心2．buryv．将……埋在下面3．ruinn．残垣断壁，废墟4．dismissv．拒绝考虑，否定5．retreatv．后退；离开；退避6．shrinkv．退缩，畏缩7．substancen．物质Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．civilisationn．文明(社会)→civilisev．使文明；使有教养→civilisedadj.文明的2．astronomyn．天文学→astronautn．宇航员3．abandonv．离弃，逃离→abandonedadj.被抛弃的；废弃的4．expansionn．扩大；增加→expandv．扩大；增加5．investigationn．调查→investigatev．调查；研究6．notableadj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的→notev．注意；特别提到7．drillingn．钻探；勘探→drillv．钻孔；打眼；操练1．glamorous/'ɡlæmərəs/adj.有魅力的；富于刺激的；独特的2．analytical/ˌænə'lItIkl/adj.(科学)分析的；头脑周密的3．signature/'sIɡnətʃə(r)/n．签名；签署；明显特征4．enforcement/In'fɔːsmənt/n．(强制)执行；强迫5．discard/dIs'kɑːd/vt.扔掉；抛弃6．exceedingly/Ik'siːdIŋli/adv.极其；非常7．relentless/rI'lentləs/adj.不停的；不放弃的；无情的8．retrieve/rI'triːv/vt.取回；索回；检索(数据)9．shove/ʃʌv/vi.&vt.猛推；推挤shove(sth)through将某物用力塞进10．conceal/kən'siːl/vt.隐瞒；掩盖Ⅳ.背核心短语1．fallintoruin(因无人照料而)衰落，败落2．makeagetaway逃跑，逃走3．runforone’slife逃命4．checkout调查，检查5．testthewaters试水，试探6．steerclearof避开……；从……处脱身7．setout动身踏上(漫长的)旅途8．throwoneselfinto积极投入到……中去9．thinktwice再三考虑，慎重考虑10．shrinkfrom避免做，不愿做11．lookinto调查(问题)12．correspondto与……相符/一致13．apply...to...把……应用于……14．ontopof除……之外(还)15．atsomething’speak达到顶峰16．offerawindowinto提供了解……的一个窗口/渠道17．beyondthereachof超出……的能力范围Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Itcontainedmorethan800characters，withsomesignsrepresentinganimals，peopleandobjectsandothersrepresentingsyllables.(with复合结构)它包含800多个字符，一些符号代表动物、人和物体，另一些符号代表音节。2．ThefactthatMayasocietywastechnologicallyprimitivemakesitsachievementsallthemoreincredibleandmysterious.(that引导同位语从句)玛雅社会的科技水平十分原始，这一事实使得它的种种成就更加令人难以置信、神秘莫测。3．Meanwhile，theriseandfallofthiscivilisationmustalsoleaveusthinkingaboutourownpast，presentandfuture.(leave＋宾语＋宾补)同时，玛雅文明的崛起与衰落必定也让我们思考我们自己的过去、现在与将来。4．Lyingunderwatersacrosstheglobeareanestimatedthreemillionshipwrecks.(完全倒装)全球水域下大约沉睡着三百万艘沉船残骸。5．Furthermore，theoceansareavaluablesourceofnaturalresources，someofwhicharecompletelynewtous.(“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句)此外，海洋还包含着珍贵的自然资源，其中一些对我们来说完全是新的资源。Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共15分)1．pyramidn．金字塔2．canaln．运河3．tropicaladj.来自热带的；产于热带的4．downfalln．衰败5．getawayn．逃跑，逃走6．subduev．克制，抑制(情绪)7．shipwreckn．失事的船；沉船8．archaeologicaladj.考古学的；考古的9．unchartedadj.地图上没有标明的10．equivalentadj.等同的；等值的；相当的11．furthermoreadv.此外；而且；不仅如此12．delvev．探索，探究13．upwardsadv.向上，朝上14．theunknown不为人知的地方，人类尚未到达的地方15．coraln．珊瑚Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共12分)1．intriguev．(因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心2．buryv．将……埋在下面3．ruinn．残垣断壁，废墟4．dismissv．拒绝考虑，否定5．retreatv．后退；离开；退避6．shrinkv．退缩，畏缩Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共10分)1．civilisationn．文明(社会)→civilisev．使文明；使有教养→civilisedadj.文明的2．abandonv．离弃，逃离→abandonedadj.被抛弃的；废弃的3．drillingn．钻探；勘探→drillv．钻孔；打眼；操练4．expansionn．扩大；增加→expandv．扩大；增加5．notableadj.显要的；显著的；值得注意的→notev．注意；特别提到Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)1．analyticaladj.(科学)分析的；头脑周密的2．enforcementn．(强制)执行；强迫3．discardvt.扔掉；抛弃4．concealvt.隐瞒；掩盖5．signaturen．签名；签署；明显特征Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共16分)1．makeagetaway逃跑，逃走2．runforone’slife逃命3．checkout调查，检查4．thinktwice再三考虑，慎重考虑5．correspondto与……相符/一致6．apply...to...把……应用于……7．steerclearof避开……；从……处脱身8．ontopof除……之外(还)Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题3分，共12分)1．Expertswentthere，investigatedtheissueandconductedtests，whichmightpushtheinvestigationandcontributetothesolutiontotheproblem.(investigate)2．Hisworkmatesnotedthathemadenotablecontributionstothecommunity.(note)3．Moreandmoreastronautstravelinspaceandtheirworkfuelstheadvancesanddevelopmentinastronomy.(astronaut)4．Thepeoplethereabandonedthecity.Thentheabandonedcitygraduallyfellintoruin.(abandon)Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题3分，共15分)eq\x(fallintoruin，setout，throwoneselfinto，shrinkfrom，lookinto)1．Sinceherhusbanddied，she’sthrownherselfintoherwritingcareer.2．Uponarrivingathome，theboysetouttohelphismothercleantheroom.3．Weareproudthatnomatterhowbigthedifficultiesaheadare，we’llnevershrinkfromthem.4．Thepolicearelookingforsomeusefulcluesoftheaccidentsothattheycanlookintothematterfurther.5．Shewentthroughaperiodofemotionaladjustmentafterhercompanyfellintoruinsandfinallydecidedtofindanewjob.Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分)1．他们提倡简单的生活，强调努力工作、家庭和社区。(with复合结构)Theyadvocateasimplelifewithanemphasisonhardwork，family，andcommunity.2．这些宝藏已被送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得的。(“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句)Thetreasures，someofwhichhavebeenrecovered，havebeensenttotheBritishMuseum.3．出席晚会的有我们最喜欢的英语老师。(完全倒装)PresentattheeveningpartywasourfavoriteEnglishteacher.4．他的计划被认为毫无用处，这使他感到沮丧和气馁。(leave＋宾语＋宾补)Hisplanwasdismissedasuseless，leavinghimfrustratedanddiscouraged.5．很多专家持有相同的观点——教师的发展是更优质教育的关键所在。(that引导同位语从句)Manyexpertsholdthesameviewthatteachers’developmentiswhatthekeytobettereducationliesin.Whiledivinginthedeepwatersofatrench，somedivershappenedtofindawholecity1.buried(bury)beneaththewavesaswellasashipwreck2.which/thatwasfullofcorals.This3.discovery(discover)intriguedsomearchaeologists.They4.immediately(immediate)threwthemselvesintostudyingthehistoryofthecityand5.howitfellintoruin.Inthemiddleoftheinvestigation，theysuddenlyfoundsome6.mysterious(mystery)creaturesswimmingaroundthem.Theysubduedtheirfearand7.continued(continue)theirinvestigation.Butwiththeexpansionofthenumberofthesestrangecreatures，theyrealizedanotableproblem—8.itwasnotsafetocontinuestayinginthewater.Afterthinking9.twice(two)，theydecidedtostop10.delving(delve)deeperandabandonthecityaswellastheship，retreatandmakeagetaway.Afterall，lifeisthemostimportant.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇buryv．把……埋在下面；埋葬；埋藏；使陷入；覆盖；隐藏buryoneselfin埋头于；专心于beburiedin专心于；被埋在……buryone’sfaceinone’shands双手掩面(1)那个小女孩双手掩面，大声地对全班同学叫道：“没人爱我。”①Thatlittlegirlburiedherfaceinherhandsandsaidloudenoughfortheclasstohear，“Nobodylovesme.”②Buryingherfaceinherhands，thatlittlegirlsaidloudenoughfortheclasstohear，“Nobodylovesme.”(用分词短语作状语改写)(2)(2021·新课标Ⅰ，应用文写作)我每天专心读英文报并获得了丰富多彩的知识。①Iburymyselfin/amburiedinreadingtheEnglishnewspapereverydayandIhavegainedlotsofcolorfulknowledge.②Buryingmyselfin/BuriedinreadingtheEnglishnewspapereveryday，Ihavegainedlotsofcolorfulknowledge.(用分词短语作状语改写)ruinn．毁坏；破产；(pl.)废墟；断壁残垣v．毁坏；使破产·inruins严重受损；破败不堪；崩溃，垮掉come/fallintoruin(因缺乏照料而)衰落，败落bring...toruin使……失败；使……毁坏·ruinoneself毁掉自己(1)Carlcaresaboutnothingandhedoesn’tdismissthathehasmadethefarmfallintoruin.(2)突如其来的地震把我们的城市毁了。看到我们的城市变成废墟，我们双手掩面，痛哭起来。Theunexpectedearthquakeruinedourcity/broughtourcitytoruin.Seeingourcityinruins，weburiedourfacesinourhands，burstingintotears.(3)玩电脑游戏太久几乎毁了我自己，我已经下定决心要摆脱它。PlayingcomputergamesfortoolonghasnearlyruinedmyselfandIhavemadeupmymindtogetridofit.abandonv．放弃；遗弃，抛弃，离弃；逃离；(使)沉湎于n．放任；放纵(abandonedadj.被抛弃的；废弃的；放纵的)·abandononeselfto陷入；沉溺于abandondoing...放弃做……·withabandon尽情地，放纵地·beabandonedto沉湎于……(1)Hisparentsurgedhimtoabandonplaying(play)computergamesandthrowhimselfintohislessons.(2)(读后续写之情感描写)我们放纵地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘却了生活中的烦恼。Wesang，danced，andlaughedwithabandon，forgettingthetroublesinourlives.(3)我沉迷于网上聊天。我期末考试考得很差。①Iabandonedmyselfto/wasabandonedtochattingonline.Iperformedbadlyintheend-of-termexamination.②Abandoningmyselfto/Abandonedtochattingonline，Iperformedbadlyintheend-of-termexamination.(用分词短语作状语改写)setout出发；动身踏上(漫长的)旅途setdown放下；记下；登记；让……下车setaside留出；把……放置一旁；暂时不考虑；撤销setoff出发；引起；点燃setup建立；准备；安排setaboutdoingsth着手做某事setouttodosth着手做某事(1)Moreover，withthestadiumsetup，awiderangeofsportseventsareabletobeheld.(2)(应用文写作之活动安排)我们学校呼吁学生每天留出至少一小时的时间去锻炼身体以提高学习效率。Ourschoolappealstothestudentstosetasideatleastanhoureverydaytotakeexerciseinordertoimprovelearningefficiency.(3)(应用文写作之口头通知)请注意！我们将于周日上午8点在学校门口出发去养老院，一到那里，我们就打算着手帮助老人。此外，在下午5点，我们计划回到我们的学校，写下我们在一天中所经历的事情。Attention，please！We’llsetoff/outforthenursinghouseat8amonSundayattheschoolgateandtheinstantwearrivethere，wehavetheintentionofsettingabouthelping/settingouttohelptheelderly.Futhermore，at5pmweplantoreturntoourschool，settingdownwhatwehaveexperiencedduringtheday.完全倒装Lyingunderwatersacrosstheglobeareanestimatedthreemillionshipwrecks.全球水域下大约沉睡着三百万艘沉船残骸。常用完全倒装的几种情况：·作表语的分词短语、形容词提到系动词前面时；·表示方位、地点和时间的副词置于句首，且主语是名词时；·表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时；·代词such置于句首，且在句中作表语时。(1)WhenIwaslookingatthedoor，incame(come)agirl，wearingawhiteskirt.(2)(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)Inthespiderwebswas(be)ahummingbird，strugglingtoescapeandIfreeditwithgreatcare.(3)在这些收藏品中有一些精美的中国花瓶，吸引着来自全世界的游客。AmongthecollectionsaresomedelicateChinesevases，whichappealtovisitorsfromallovertheworld.(4)(话题写作之人物介绍)这就是我的叔叔，一个热心而慷慨的人，他总是准备帮助在困难中的其他人。Suchismyuncle，awarm-heartedandgenerousperson，whoisalwaysreadytohelpothersintrouble.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．checkoutA．调查；了解……的情况B．检查C．结账离开(1)Theengineercheckedoutallthemachinesbeforetheywereputtouse.B(2)Accordingtoregulationsofthishotel，guestsshouldcheckoutoftheirroomsbynoon.C(3)We’llhavetocheckhimoutbeforeweemployhim.A2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思(1)Mysweatershrankinthewash.缩水(2)Dismissingherfears，sheclimbedhigher.去除Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Toeveryone’sfrustrationandsorrow，theterribleearthquakemadethewholecityinruins.2．Lyingonthefloorare(be)twoboysdismissedasdishonestowingtobeingsuspectedoftheft.3．Thepolicehaveinterferedwiththecomplaint，andnowtheyarelookingintoitinthehopeofsolvingitsoon.4．Buried(bury)inthenewspaper，shedidn’tnoticeathiefstealherpurse.5．Abandoning(abandon)himselftoalcohol，themanbarelymadeendsmeetandwentintodebt.6.Thereby，don’tleavethewaterrunning(run)whenyoubrushyourteeth，whichcansavemuchwater.7．Despitebeingdizzy，thehard-workingchairwomanstillsetouttowrite(write)asalesreport.假如你是市博物馆的志愿者李华，你向来自美国的交换生介绍恐龙灭绝的原因。对于恐龙灭绝的原因，众说纷纭，其中有三种说法最为可信，它们是气候突变、大陆漂移和物种斗争。完成句子1．在所有关于恐龙灭绝原因的不同观点中有三个较可靠的观点。(完全倒装)2．地球气候的突然变化使它们毁灭，恐龙因严寒而被活活冻死。(bring...toruin)3．根据一些考古学家的记载，大陆漂移使陆地变成了海洋，但是恐龙不会游泳。(setdown；what引导的宾语从句)4．新物种——恐龙的天敌——出现了，它们肆无忌惮地吃恐龙蛋，使恐龙无法繁殖后代。(withabandon；现在分词短语作状语)5．随着时间的流逝，恐龙的尸体被埋在地下，成为化石，因而人类可以研究它们是如何产生和从地球上消失的。(with复合结构；bury；sothat)组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。参考范文Hello，everyone！Ifeelgreatlyhonoredtointroducehowdinosaursbecameextinct.Amongallthedifferentopinionsonthereasonsfortheextinctionofdinosaursarethreerelativelyreliableones.Firstly，thesuddenchangeoftheearth’sclimatebroughtthemtoruinanddinosaurswerefrozentodeathaliveduetotheseverecold.Secondly，accordingtowhatsomearchaeologistssetdown，thecontinentdriftsmadethelandbecometheoceanbutdinosaurscouldn’tswim.Thirdly，newspecies，dinosaurs’naturalenemies，emergedandatedinosaureggswithabandon，makingitimpossiblefordinosaurstoreproducetheirbabies.Withtimegoingby，thebodiesofdinosaursareburiedinthegroundandbecomefossilssothathumanbeingscanstudyhowtheycameintobeinganddisappearedfromtheplanet.That’sall.Thankyouforyourlistening.教材语料整合亮词[动作描写]abandon；runforone’slife；makeagetaway；subdue；steerclearof；retreat；setout；throwoneselfinto；lookinto；shrink[环境描写]pyramid；canal；megadrought；ruin；theunknown；uncharted；coral；trench；vessel美句1.TheMaya’sunderstandingofmathematicsandastronomywasalsoquiteamazing.(情感描写)2．Inthesewaters，morethan200metresdeep，wherelightcannotreach，areextraordinarycreaturesthatappearasiftheyarestraightoutofsciencefiction.(比喻句)拓展语料积累主题语境结尾升华技巧：成长类写好成长类的读后续写通常有三个步骤：第一步，成长前的苦恼(负面情绪塑造)；第二步，成长过程(蜕变塑造)；第三步，成长后的升华(喜悦＋感激＋升华)。这类主题的升华诀窍如下：诀窍一：因学习知识而成长Astheoldsayinggoes，it’snevertoolatetolearn.Eachindividualhasaccesstomorechallengesandmakemoreprogressthroughgreatefforts.正如那句老话所说，活到老，学到老。每个人都有机会遇到更多的挑战，通过努力取得更大的进步。诀窍二：因发现天赋而成长Onlybyfindingyourowntalentandmakingmoreeffortscanyoumakemiraclesintheend.只有找到自己的天赋，付出更多的努力，你才能最终创造奇迹。诀窍三：因追求梦想而成长Onlyifwearebraveenoughtopursueourdreamscanwerealizewhatwearelookingforwardto.只有我们勇敢地去追求我们的梦想，我们才能实现我们所期待的。诀窍四：因克服恐惧而成长Ittakesdeterminationandoptimismtoconquerourinnerfearandturnourgoalsintoreality.要克服我们内心的恐惧，把我们的目标变成现实，就需要决心和乐观。诀窍五：因克服自卑而成长IcrackedasmileasIwasfinallyawareoftherealsourceofconfidence.Atpresent，ItakeprideofwhatIlikebecauseIhaverealizedthatitisyourpersonalitythatdetermineswhoyoutrulyare.我笑了，因为我终于意识到自信的真正来源。现在，我为我喜欢的东西感到骄傲，因为我意识到，是你的个性决定了你是谁。诀窍六：因战胜困难而成长Neveristhejourneytosuccesssmooth.Itisfilledwithchallengesanddifficulties.Weoughttobecourageousenoughtofacethem.Aslongaswedon’tquitandsparenoefforttogetoverhardships，wewilldefinitelyachieveourambitions.成功之路无坦途。它充满了挑战和困难。我们应该勇敢地面对它们。只要我们不放弃，不遗余力地克服困难，我们一定会实现我们的抱负。诀窍七：因战胜消极而成长Ican’temphasizetheimportanceofapositiveattitudetoomuch.Neithercanwechangeourpastnorcanwechangefacts.Butwhatwecandoisholdapositiveattitude.我再怎么强调积极态度的重要性也不为过。我们既不能改变过去，也不能改变事实。但我们能做的就是保持积极的态度。语料运用深海探险Ihavebeenthrowingmyselfintoreadingawesomeunderseaadventurestories，dreamingofbecomingadeep-seaexplorer.Oncethemaincharacterscameacrossdifficulties，neitherwouldtheyretreat①norwouldtheyrunfortheirlivesassoonaspossible(倒装句)．Instead，theytriedtheirbesttolookintothemysteriousdeepsea.Innowaywouldthey②abandonexploringthecolorfuldeepsea.Unlesstheywereattheriskoflosingtheirlives，theywouldn’tretreat.Fromthestories，③Iamawarethatneveristhejourneytosuccesssmooth.Itisfilledwithchallengesanddifficulties.Weoughttobecourageousenoughtofacethem.④Aslongaswedon’tquitandsparenoefforttogetoverhardships，wewilldefinitelyachieveourambitions(主题升华句)．IbelievethatwithstrongdeterminationIcanbecomeadeep-seaexplorer.我一直沉迷于阅读精彩的海底冒险故事，梦想着成为一名深海探险家。一旦主人公们遇到困难，他们既不会退缩，也不会尽快逃命。相反，他们尽了最大的努力去探索神秘的深海。他们绝不会放弃探索多彩的深海。除非遇到生命危险，否则他们是不会撤退的。从这些故事中，我知道通往成功的道路永远不会平坦。它充满了挑战和困难。我们应该勇敢地面对它们。只要我们不放弃，不遗余力地克服困难，我们一定会实现我们的抱负。我相信，有了坚定的决心，我可以成为一名深海探险家。高考题型组合练41提示：带★的文章和单元主题相关Ⅰ.阅读理解A(2023·新课标Ⅱ，A)YellowstoneNationalParkoffersavarietyofrangerprogramsthroughoutthepark，andthroughouttheyear.Thefollowingaredescriptionsoftherangerprogramsthissummer.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone(May26toSeptember2)Whetheryou’rehikingabackcountrytrail(小径)，camping，orjustenjoyingthepark’samazingwildlifefromtheroad，thisquickworkshopisforyouandyourfamily.Learnwheretolookforanimalsandhowtosafelyenjoyyourwildlifewatchingexperience.MeetattheCanyonVillageStore.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics(June5toAugust21)KidscantesttheirskillsandcomparetheirabilitiestotheanimalsofYellowstone.Stayforaslittleoraslongasyourplansallow.MeetinfrontoftheVisitorEducationCenter.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)Fromaclassicviewpoint，enjoyLowerFalls，theYellowstoneRiver，andthebreathtakingcolorsofthecanyon(峡谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographerscontinuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDriveforthisshorttalk.PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)Enhanceyourphotographyskills—joinYellowstone’sparkphotographerforahands-onprogramtoinspirenewandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.6/19—Waterfalls&WideAngles：meetatArtistPoint.7/10—Wildflowers&WhiteBalance：meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了黄石国家公园提供的四个护林员项目。1．Whichofthefourprogramsbeginstheearliest?A．PhotographyWorkshops.B．JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics.C．CanyonTalksatArtistPoint.D．ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone.答案D解析细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间可知，四个项目中在黄石体验野生动物的项目开始的时间最早。故选D。2．WhatistheshorttalkatArtistPointabout?A．Worksoffamousartists.B．Protectionofwildanimals.C．Basicphotographyskills.D．Historyofthecanyonarea.答案D解析细节理解题。根据“CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)”部分中的“Fromaclassicviewpoint，enjoyLowerFalls，theYellowstoneRiver，andthebreathtakingcolorsofthecanyon(峡谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.”可知，在ArtistPoint简短演讲的主题是关于峡谷地区的历史的。故选D。3．WherewilltheparticipantsmeetfortheJuly10photographyworkshop?A．ArtistPoint.B．WashburnTrailhead.C．CanyonVillageStore.D．VisitorEducationCenter.答案B解析细节理解题。根据“PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)”部分中的“7/10—Wildflowers&WhiteBalance：meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.”可知，7月10日的摄影研讨会将在WashburnTrailhead举行。故选B。B(★)TheruinsofahugeMayacityhavebeendiscoveredinGuatemalawiththehelpoftheremotesensingtechniqueLiDAR，accordingtotheNationalGeographiconThursday.ThisbreakthroughwaspossiblethankstoLiDARsensors，whichcansurveylandscapesin3Dbyreflectinglaserpulsesoffthegroundfromunmannedairvehiclesandothers.LiDARisexceptionallyusefulfordetectingarcheologicalsites(考古遗址)，asitgetsthroughjunglesandotherfeaturesthatholdupexplorationontheground.Thetechniquehasbeentheactivator(催化剂)ofmanydiscoveriesinrecentyears.Forinstance，majorfindsatAngkor，CambodiaandCaracol，Belizecanexplainwhatitdid.ThislargelostcityenvelopssiteslikeTikal，Holmul，andWitzna—knownfortheirpyramids—butshowsthatthesefamousheritageareasarethetipoftheicebergofthislosturbannetwork.HiddenunderthejunglesoftheMayaBiosphereReserve，morethan60,000human-madefeatures—homes，canals，highways，someofwhichcanevenreachthemodernizedstandard—havebeenidentifiedbyaninternationalcooperationofresearchersheadedbythePACUNAMFoundation，aMayaculturalandnaturalheritageorganization.ThosehaveexpertsrethinkingtheoutlinesandcomplexityoftheMayaempire.Theseancientpeoplesobviouslyestablishedtheseimaginativeculturesbasedontheirknownrelics，butthenewresearchhasshownthatthescaleofthislostsocietyisfarbeyondwhatexpertshadimagined.Thefindingswillbeexploredinanhour-longdocumentarycalledLostTreasuresoftheMayaSnakeKings，premiering(首映)Tuesday，February6ontheNationalGeographicChannel.“Thereareentirecitieswedidn’tknowaboutnowshowingupinthesurveydata，”saidFranciscoBelli，oneoftheleadarcheologistsontheproject.“Thereare20,000squarekilometresmoretobeexploredandtherearegoingtobehundredsofcitiestherethatwedon’tknowabout，andwewillpushthefrontiers，”headded.语篇解读这是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了考古学家们利用LiDAR技术，在危地马拉发现了一处巨大的玛雅城市遗址。4．WhatcanweknowaboutLiDAR?A．It’sabreakthroughinarcheology.B．It’smajorequipmentinairforces.C．ItwasfirstusedindiscoveringaMayacity.D．It’saremotesensingtechniqueusinglaserpulses.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“withthehelpoftheremotesensingtechniqueLiDAR”和第二段中的“whichcansurveylandscapesin3Dbyreflectinglaserpulsesoffthegroundfromunmannedairvehiclesandothers”可知，LiDAR是一项使用激光脉冲的遥感技术。故选D。5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Those”inparagraph4referto?A．ThejunglesoftheReserve.B．TheoutlinesoftheMayaempire.C．Theresearchersoftheorganization.D．Theman-madeprojectsoftheReserve.答案D解析代词指代题。根据第四段“Hidden...，morethan60,000human-madefeatures—homes，canals，highways，someofwhichcanevenreachthemodernizedstandard—havebeenidentifiedby...”可知，画线代词Those指的是前文中提到的“玛雅生物保护区的6万多项人造工程”。故选D。6．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheMayaempire?A．Famousanddangerous.B．Vastandhighlydeveloped.C．Mountainousandaggressive.D．Enormousandtraditional.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段“Thislargelostcityenvelopssites...butshowsthatthesefamousheritageareasarethetipoftheiceberg...”和第四段“HiddenunderthejunglesoftheMayaBiosphereReserve...someofwhichcanevenreachthemodernizedstandard...rethinkingtheoutlinesandcomplexityoftheMayaempire.”可知，玛雅帝国疆域辽阔，且高度发达。故选B。7．Whatdoarcheologistshopetodonext?A．RestudythehistoryofMaya.B．UsetheLiDARsensorsasusual.C．Continuetoexploretheunknown.D．Studythedocumentarymorecarefully.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“‘Thereare20,000squarekilometresmoretobeexploredandtherearegoingtobehundredsofcitiestherethatwedon’tknowabout，andwewillpushthefrontiers，’headded.”可知，考古人员将继续探索发掘未知的玛雅遗迹。故选C。C(★)Satellitesarealreadyinuseforsomanypurposestoday—fromweatherforecastingtocommunications，GPS，andmore.Sincethelate1970s，satellitessuchastheEuropeanSpaceAgency’s(ESA)CryoSat-2andtheUSSpaceAgency’sICESat-2，havealsobeenusedtomonitorchangesintheArcticseaice.Datasuggeststhatseaiceisthinningovertimeduetoclimatechange.Overthelast40years，theextentofArcticicecoverhasbeendecliningatarateof13%perdecade.However，existingwaysofmeasurementdonotprovideaclearandcontinuouspictureofthestateofseaice.Thesesatellitesusespecialradarorlaser-basedaltimeterinstruments(雷达或激光测高仪)．Seaicethicknessisthencalculatedasthedifferencebetweentheheightoftheiceandthetopofthewater(icelevel－sealevel)．Thismethodworkswellduringthewintermonths.Unfortunately，satellite-basedseaicethicknessmeasurementsareinaccurateduringthesummermonths：thetimeoftheyearwiththegreatestmelting.Thismeltingcreatesapoolofliquidwateronthesurface.Asaresult，thesimplecalculation(icelevel－sealevel)doesnotworkasradarsystemsareunabletodifferentiatebetweenoceanwaterandice，thusmakingmeasurementsinaccurate.LastSeptember，scientistsdevelopedanewmethodtotacklethisage-oldissue.Thenewmethodcombinedcomputermodelingandsatellitedatatopredicticethickness—allyearround.TheresearchteamledbyJackLandy，ascientistattheUniversityofTromsø(TheArcticUniversityofNorway)，usedthenewmethodtodistinguishbetweenseawaterandice.Theresearchersbuiltamodeloftheradarsystem’spredicteddataandcross-referencedthesevaluestothosecollectedbyasatellite.Thismodelallowstheresearcherstoobtainaccurate，year-roundArcticseaicethicknessdata.AccordingtoDr.MichelTsamadosfromUniversityCollegeLondon，thenewadvancedclimatemodel“willimproveboththeshort-termforecastsfortheweatheratthemid-latitudes(中纬度地区)andthelong-termforecaststhatshowwhatclimatewewillhaveinthefuture.”语篇解读本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了监测北极海冰变化的一种新方法。8．Whatdoesthesatellitedatatellus?A．TheArcticicewillnolongerexistinfourdecades.B．Seaicecoverismeltingatarateof13%peryear.C．TheESA’ssatellitesprovideclearerpictures.D．Seaiceisbecomingincreasinglythinner.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段中“Datasuggeststhatseaiceisthinningovertimeduetoclimatechange.”可知，卫星数据表明海冰正变得越来越薄。故选D。9．Whatmakestheiceleveltosealevelmeasurementsinaccurate?A．Inactionofthelaser-basedaltimeterinstrumentsinsummer.B．Radarsystems’inabilitytodistinguishseawaterfromice.C．Therebeingtechnicaldifficultycalculatingtheheightoftheice.D．Therebeingnowaytoconsistentlydetectmeltpoolsonice.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第五段“Unfortunately，satellite-basedseaicethicknessmeasurements...thusmakingmeasurementsinaccurate.”可知，雷达系统无法区分海水和冰，这使得冰面到海平面的测量不准确，故选B。10．Whatdoesthenewmethodaimtodo?A．Provideaccurateforecastsfortheweather.B．Replacesatellitesinmonitoringseaicechanges.C．Getareliablesummertimerecordofseaicethickness.D．Testtheefficiencyofmachinelearninginclimatechange.答案C解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Theresearchersbuiltamodeloftheradarsystem’spredicteddataandcross-referencedthesevaluestothosecollectedbyasatellite.Thismodelallowstheresearcherstoobtainaccurate，year-roundArcticseaicethicknessdata.”可知，新方法的目的是获得可靠的夏季海冰厚度纪录。故选C。11．WhatdoesDr.MichelTsamadosthinkofthenewmodel?A．Itwillbeusefulindifferentways.B．Itwillproveenvironmentallyfriendly.C．Ithasashort-termimpactonclimateresearch.D．ItneedsimprovementtopredicttheArctic’sfuture.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段“AccordingtoDr.MichelTsamadosfromUniversityCollegeLondon，thenewadvancedclimate