（外研版）新高考英语一轮复习讲义 选择性必修第一册　Unit 5　Revealing nature

Ⅰ.阅读单词——会意1．disgracen．丢脸，耻辱2．beakn．鸟嘴，喙3．gianttortoise巨型陆龟4．comb-likeadj.梳状的5．spinen．(动植物的)刺，刺毛6．mythn．(古代的)神话7．pesticiden．杀虫剂，农药8．chillin．辣椒9．cybercrimen．网络犯罪10．centimetren．厘米Ⅱ.重点单词——记形1．seedn．种子，籽2．samplen．样本3．ancestorn．(动物的)原种，祖先4．generatev．产生，创造5．characteristicn．特征，特性6．declinev．减少7．blamev．责怪，指责；把……归咎于8．goatn．山羊9．primitiveadj.原始的，低等的10．worldwideadv.遍及全世界11．giantadj.巨大的，特大的12．legendn．传说，传奇(故事)13．rootn．根14．linkv．把……联系起来；连接Ⅲ.拓展单词——悉变1．distantadj.遥远的；冷淡的→distancen．距离→distantlyadv.疏远地2．geologistn．地质学家→geologyn．地质学3．evolvev．进化→evolutionn．进化(论)4．suspectv．猜想，怀疑，觉得→suspiciousadj.怀疑的；可疑的5．detectv．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→detectionn．发现→detectiven．侦探1．have...atheart把……放在心上；热心于做某事2．keep...ontrack使……做法对路3．counton信赖；依靠；指望4．indispensable/ˌIndI'spensəbl/adj.不可缺少的；必需的5．betray/bI'treI/vt.背叛；出卖；流露6．stickupto支持；捍卫7．takeahit承受打击；遭到破坏；受到严重影响8．nurture/'nɜːtʃə(r)/vt.培育；养育9．undertaking/ˌʌndə'teIkIŋ/n．任务；事业10．dwell/dwel/vi.居住；栖身dwellon老是想着或唠叨某事(尤指令人不愉快之事)Ⅳ.背核心短语1．answerthecall响应号召2．beadisgrace是耻辱，是丢脸的事3．benativeto源于……的，原产于……4．firstchoice首选5．ofalltime有史以来6．inquestion正被讨论的，谈论中的7．becrowdedwith挤满，充满8．cometoexist开始存在9．adaptto适应10．avarietyof各种各样的11．intheend最后，终于12．behometo...是……的家园13．carryout执行14．tinyamountsof微量的15．drive...away赶跑；驱车离开16．insomeways在某些方面Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．Andthatwastheanswertohownewspeciesofplantsandanimalscametoexist：theyevolvedfromearlierancestors.(how引导的宾语从句)于是，关于动植物的新种类是如何产生的这个问题就有了答案：它们是从早期的祖先进化而来的。2．Withuslongbelievingthattalkingplantsarefantasy，newresearchhasrevealedsomethingamazing：itappearsthatplantscancommunicateafterall.(itappearsthat...)我们一直认为会说话的植物只存在于幻想之中，但新研究有了令人惊奇的发现：植物间似乎确实可以交流。3．Moresurprisingly，plantsalsousesoundtocommunicate.(副词短语作状语)更令人吃惊的是，植物也用声音进行交流。4．Usingthewoodwideweb，plantscanshareinformationandevenfoodwitheachother.(现在分词短语作状语)使用植物万维网，植物可以分享信息，甚至可以彼此分享食物。5．Perhapsonedayscientistswilllearnhowtocreatea“firewall”tohelppreventtheseattackswithinthewoodwideweb.(疑问词＋todo)也许未来某一天，科学家会研究出如何建造一堵“防火墙”帮助来阻止植物万维网中的这些攻击。Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共5分)1．disgracen．丢脸，耻辱2．beakn．鸟嘴，喙3．centimetren．厘米4．pesticiden．杀虫剂，农药5．cybercrimen．网络犯罪Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共16分)1．blamev．责怪，指责；把……归咎于2．declinev．减少3．linkv．把……联系起来；连接4．generatev．产生，创造5．characteristicn．特征，特性6．worldwideadv.遍及全世界7．giantadj.巨大的，特大的8．legendn．传说，传奇(故事)Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题3分，共15分)1．distantadj.遥远的；冷淡的→distancen．距离→distantlyadv.疏远地2．geologistn．地质学家→geologyn．地质学3．evolvev．进化→evolutionn．进化(论)4．suspectv．猜想，怀疑，觉得→suspiciousadj.怀疑的；可疑的5．detectv．发现，察觉(尤指不易觉察到的事物)→detectionn．发现→detectiven．侦探Ⅳ.拔高词汇(每小题1分，共5分)1．counton信赖；依靠；指望2．indispensableadj.不可缺少的；必需的3．betrayvt.背叛；出卖；流露4．stickupto支持；捍卫5．nurturevt.培育；养育Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题1.5分，共12分)1．inquestion正被讨论的，谈论中的2．answerthecall响应号召3．behometo...是……的家园4．avarietyof各种各样的5．tinyamountsof微量的6．drive...away赶跑；驱车离开7．intheend最后，终于8．insomeways在某些方面Ⅰ.词形变化填空(每小题3分，共12分)1．Theydetectedthataprivatedetectivehadbeentailingthemforseveralweeks.(detect)2．Thegeologistswhoareexpertingeologyoftheislandbelievethatclimatechangecouldhaveanimpactonanimalevolution.(geologist)3．Theboyisalwaysdistanttowardshisclassmates，sohisclassmatesoftenkeephimatadistance.(distant)4．Ididn’tnoticeanysuspiciousbehaviourfromhim，soIdidn’tsuspecthimofcommittingthecrime.(suspect)Ⅱ.选词填空(每小题2.5分，共15分)eq\x(carryout，cometoexist，adaptto，becrowdedwith，benativeto，ofalltime)1．Theyexistonfoodsuppliedbytheorganizationwhichcametoexistdecadesofyearsago.2．Itwaswithapenthatthegreatestthinkersofalltimewrotedowntheirthoughts.3．Totellyouthetruth，thesuggestionsabovecanhelpyouadapttoyournewschoolquickly.4．Hisconfidentwordshaveclearedupourdoubtsabouthowtheplanwillbecarriedout.5．Thougheveryplacewasmoreorlesscrowdedwithtourists，Istillhadarelaxingandmemorabletrip.6．(2022·全国甲)Goffin’scockatoos，akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia，havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题4分，共20分)1．她在书中描写了她是如何适应大学生活的。(how引导的宾语从句)Shewroteabouthowsheadaptedtothecollegelifeinthebook.2．总之，等待她的似乎是一个相当令人沮丧的夏天。(itappearsthat...)Allinall，itappearedthataprettydepressingsummerawaitedher.3．更重要的是，我们应该更多地训练以便我们彼此之间能够更好地合作。(副词短语作状语)Moreimportantly，wearesupposedtopracticemoresothatwecancooperatebetterwitheachother.4．(2021·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)母亲把孩子们抱进怀里，哽咽着，然后咬了一口法国吐司，说这是她吃过的最美味的食物。(现在分词短语作状语)Gatheringthekidsintoherarms，theirmotherchokedandthentookabiteoftheFrenchtoast，sayingthatitwasthemostdeliciousfoodshehadevertasted.5．我很想学习如何欣赏西方绘画作品，我想知道你是否能告诉我一些关于如何绘画的技巧。(疑问词＋todo)I’minterestedtolearnhowtoappreciateWesternpaintings，soI’mwonderingifyoucantellmesomeskillsabouthowtopaint.Whenmyunclewasyoung，heansweredthecallandvolunteeredtoworkonthatdistantisland.Myuncleworkedhardintheday.Inhisfreetime，hewentonstudyingthecharacteristicsofthoseplants.Heevenhadsomesamples1.placed(place)inhisbedroom.2.Itwasjustatthattimethathebegantothinkabout3.howtheyevolvedfromtheirancestors.4.Although/Though/Whilehisstudygeneratednoincome，hewascrazyaboutit.Heoftenusedsomeprimitive5.methods(method)tocarryouthisexperiments,6.detecting(detect)howtheseedsgrewintosometallplants.Therewasatimewhenthenumberofthoseplants7.was(be)onthedeclineandhumanbeingsweretoblame.Hemanagedtofindoutthereasonandcameupwithanewway8.tosolve(solve)theproblem.Later，heachievedalotinthisfield.Manypeoplehadsuspected9.his(he)talent，buthesucceeded！Hewas10.absolutely(absolute)alegend！提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇distantadj.遥远的；冷淡的(distancen．距离)·bedistantfrom距……很远；与……不同·withinwalkingdistance走着就能到inthedistance在远处fromadistance从远处keepone’sdistancefrom...与……保持距离；疏远……(1)(读后续写之情感描写)听到远处飞机的嗡嗡声，我的内心深处升起了希望。我像个快乐的孩子一样使劲挥动着手帕，一直等到飞机离我不远。Hearingaplanedroninginthedistance，Ifelthoperisingfromthebottomofmyheart.Iwavedmyhandkerchiefviolentlylikeahappychild，waitinguntiltheplanewasnotdistantfromme.(2)(读后续写之情感描写)我发现其他学生总是与我保持距离，我觉得自己像漂浮在黑暗的云层中。IdetectedthattheotherstudentsalwayskepttheirdistancefrommeandIfeltlikefloatinginthecloudsofdarkness.(3)(应用文写作之建议信)你也可以参观城市博物馆，从你住的酒店走着就能到。Youcanalsovisitthecitymuseum，whichiswithinwalkingdistanceofthehotelwhereyoustay.(4)(读后续写之场景描写)当她小心翼翼地沿着小溪走着时，一个熟悉的身影从远处朝她走了过来。Asshepickedherwaycarefullyalongthestream,afamiliarfigurecameuptoherfromadistance.blamev．责怪，指责；把……归咎于n．责任；责备；指责·blamesbfor...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人blamesthonsb把某事归咎于某人betoblame(forsth)(对某事)负有责任；应承担责任；该受责备(主动形式表被动意义)·put/laytheblameforsthonsb把某事归咎于某人(1)Theexpertblamedthepollutionhereonthelargefactorylinkedtotheriver.(2)(话题写作之人际交往)当和他人相处时，我们不应该总把错误归咎于他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也应负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责他人。Whengettingalongwithothers，weshouldn’talwaysblameothersformistakes/blamemistakesonothers/put/laytheblameformistakesonothers.Afterall，manytimeswearealsotoblame.Soinsteadofblamingothers，weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers’shoes.linkv．把……联系起来；连接n．连接；关联；联系；关系link...to/with/and...把……和……连接/联系起来linkup(with...)(与……)连接，结合belinkedto/with...和……连接；和……有关(1)Asubwaylinewilllinktheairportto/with/andthecitycenter，soitwillbemoreconvenientforcitizenstotravel.(2)Anewroadwouldbeneededtolinkupwiththemainroad.(3)(话题写作之传统文化)在中国文化中，红色通常与喜庆联系在一起。InChineseculture，redisusuallylinkedto/withjoyandcelebration.ofalltime有史以来attimes有时；间或atnotime在任何时候都不；决不(位于句首，句子要部分倒装)atthesametime同时allthetime一直，始终innotime立刻；马上(1)用time的相关短语填空①MichaelJordan，thegreatestbasketballplayerofalltime，foundthesecrettosuccessislearningfromfailures.②WhenitcomestotheseasonIlikebest，springwillalwaysoccurtomeinnotime.(2)(话题写作之体育)打篮球是缓解我们巨大学习压力的最好方法，同时我们也能从中找到一些乐趣。Playingbasketballservesasthebestwaytoeaseourgreatstudypressureandwecanfindsomepleasurefromitatthesametime.(3)(应用文写作之人物介绍)有时我会失去信心，但幸运的是，我最好的朋友一直鼓励我说：“你绝不应该半途而废。我会一直帮助你的。”AttimesIloseheart，butluckilymybestfriendencouragesmeallthetime，saying，“Atnotimeshouldyougiveuphalfway.Iwillalwayscometoyourassistance.”drive...away赶跑；驱车离开；驾车送走driveoff驾车离开；击退，赶走drivesbcrazy把某人逼疯drivesbtodosth驱使某人做某事(1)让我发疯的是，我妈妈决定把我可爱的宠物狗赶走，我恳求她，直到她答应再次收留它。WhatdrovemecrazywasthatmymotherdeterminedtodrivemylovelypetdogawayandIbeggedheruntilshepromisedtotakeitinonceagain.(2)(2023·浙江1月，读后续写)好奇心驱使我向空无一人的房间里窥视，却发现一只蜂鸟被困在蜘蛛网里。Curiositydrovemetopeerintothedesertedroom，onlytofindthatahummingbirdwastrappedinspiderwebs.(3)(读后续写之动作描写)我看到有几个人经过，上了车，然后开车离开了。Isawseveralpeoplegoby，getintotheircarsanddriveoff.现在分词短语作方式状语Usingthewoodwideweb，plantscanshareinformationandevenfoodwitheachother.使用植物万维网，植物可以分享信息，甚至可以彼此分享食物。Usingthewoodwideweb在句中作方式状语，现在分词(短语)作状语时，还可表示时间、伴随、条件、原因、结果等，通常相当于一个状语从句或并列句。(1)(2021·浙江1月，应用文写作)我代表我们学校真诚地欢迎你们的来访。你们所有人将参观校博物馆，全面了解我们学校的光辉历史。晚上，你们将会在学校餐厅吃晚饭，和我们学生自由地聊天，并且品尝当地的美食。Representingourschool，Iwouldliketosincerelywelcomeyourvisit.Allofyouwillvisittheschoolmuseum，fullyunderstandingthebrillianthistoryofourschool.Intheevening，youwillhavedinnerattheschoolcanteen，chattingfreelywithusstudentsandtastingthedeliciouslocalfoods.(2)(读后续写之动作链描写)他站起来，穿过房间，紧紧地拥抱我，不受控制地哭起来。Herosetohisfeet，crossedtheroomandhuggedmetightly，cryingwithoutcontrol.(3)(2023·新课标Ⅰ，读后续写)使用老师教我的方法，我的文章有了很大的进步，我的快乐无法形容。Usingthemethodsmyteachertaughtme，Imademuchprogressinmyarticleandmyjoywasbeyonddescription.(4)(读后续写之心理描写)当听到校长所说的话，我欣喜若狂，双眼兴奋地闪闪发光。Whenhearingwhattheheadmastersaid，Iwaswildwithjoy，myeyessparklingwithexcitement.用法点拨现在分词(短语)作时间状语时，有时可由连词when，while，after等引出。提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．suspecteq\x(A.vt.怀疑B.n.嫌疑犯；可疑对象C.adj.可疑的；靠不住的)(1)(2020·新课标Ⅰ)InSamarkand，MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders，whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.A(2)Someoftheevidencetheyproducedwashighlysuspect.C(3)Whatadisgrace！Hersonisamurdersuspectinthecase.B2．declineeq\x(A.vt.谢绝B.vi.下降C.n.下降D.vi.衰退，衰落)(1)(2023·北京)Thisiswhenapopstardrawsfarmoreattentionthan，say，gradualbiodiversitydecline.C(2)(2022·浙江1月)Whentheanswerwasno，shedeclinedtheinvitation.A(3)(2020·浙江7月)Ofcourse，ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons—includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesorgeneticfactors.D(4)Thenumberoftouriststotheplaceofinterestdeclinedby10%lastyear.B3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思(1)HewaswithoutquestiononeofthegiantsofChineseliterature.卓越人物(2)Money，orloveofmoney，issaidtobetherootofallevil.起因，根源Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Iwasn’tallowedtowatchtheinterestinganimationandwasdrivenaway/off.2．Honestlyspeaking，weallsuspectedthelittleprincessofnottellingthetruthtous.3．Aswasexpected，mostofthepeoplehereregardedthemotionasagreatsuccess.4．Bycontrast，IlikelovelypandaswhicharenativetoChina.5．Thesolutionwassoinnovativethatwecouldn’thelpapplaudingloudly.6．Learningthathewasseriouslyinjuredinadistant(distance)city，Ifeltlikefloatinginanoceanofsadness.7．Ilikethisfolktalethatislinked(link)tolove，perseveranceandwarm-heartedness.8．Blamed(blame)fortheaccident，Icrouchedontheground，tearsstreamingdownmycheeksuncontrollably.9．(话题写作之泰山旅行)Standing(stand)onthetopofMountTai，weareabletohaveagoodviewoftheawe-inspiringsceneryofthewholecity.10．Inthisdistrictthenumberofpeacocksisonthedecline，whichworrieslocalpeopleverymuch.假如你是李华，你已经研究了向日葵从种子到植株的生长过程，请根据下面的提示给你的外国笔友Bernard写一封邮件，告知其生长过程。1.你把向日葵种子埋进一盆土里，浇了些水；2.几天后，盆子中长出了嫩苗，然后你把盆子放在屋里，避免阳光暴晒；3.你对于它的快速生长很是惊讶。完成句子1．我写信是想告诉你一些与向日葵生长过程有关的事情。(link；过去分词短语作定语)2．我买了一些葵花籽，马上就把它们埋进了一个有一些肥沃土壤的盆里。(innotime；where引导的非限制性定语从句)3．几天后，一些又绿又嫩的幼苗从土里长出来了，我绝不能让它们被炎热的太阳晒伤。(atnotime；倒装句)4．盆里干燥的土壤促使我再次浇水，适量的水可以保证它们的生长。(drivesbtodo)5．看到那些小幼苗很快长成了一些高大的植物，我完全惊呆了。(现在分词短语作状语)组句成篇把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。参考范文DearBernard，Howiseverythinggoing？Iamwritingtotellyousomethinglinkedtothegrowingprocessofsunflowers.AtthebeginningIboughtsomesunflowerseedsandburiedthemintoabasininnotime，wheretherewassomerichsoil.Severaldayslater，somegreenanddelicateshootsgrewoutofthesoilandatnotimeshouldIhavethemburntbythehotsun.Asaresult，Imovedthebasinintotheroom.Thedrysoilinthebasindrovemetowaterthemagainandaproperamountofwatercouldguaranteetheirgrowth.Seeingthoseyoungshootsgrowintosometallplantsquickly，Iwastotallyamazed.Wouldyougrowaplantyoulikemost？Lookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.Yourssincerely，LiHua教材语料整合亮词[情感描写]disgrace[心理描写]suspect[动作描写]decline；blame；detect；generate；link；answerthecall；evolve美句1.Moresurprisingly，plantsalsousesoundtocommunicate.(情感描写)2．Mostsurprisinglyofall，plantshaveanamazingsystemofcommunicationthatcanlinknearlyeveryplantinaforest.(情感描写)拓展语料积累动作细节描写：动“腿”词块shaky/tremblinglegs颤抖的腿withone’slegswideapart双腿叉开tiredlegs疲惫的双腿crossone’slegs盘腿dragone’sheavylegs拖着沉重的双腿runlikethewind飞奔jumptoone’sfeet跳起来runaroundlikeaheadlesschicken毫无头绪地瞎忙一通句型Ipacedbackandforth，likeanantonahotpan.(比喻句)我踱来踱去，就像热锅上的蚂蚁。Hewalkedupanddownrestlessly，hisfacepaleandhishandsshakingslightly.(独立主格)他不安地走来走去，脸色苍白，双手微微颤抖。Exhaustedandhopeless，Islidintobed，butIwasunabletofallasleep.(形容词作状语)我又累又绝望，溜上床，却无法入睡。Herushedinandhisfaceflamedwithexcitement.他冲了进来，激动得满脸通红。Withmylegswideapart，Isatonthegroundandcaredfortheplantwithgreatcare.(with复合结构)我岔开双腿，坐在地上，小心翼翼地照料着那株植物。Heranoutoftheroominaburstofanger.他一怒之下跑出了房间。Hestruggledtoruntowardsthefinishingline，withhismouthdryandhislegstrembling.(with复合结构)他挣扎着向终点线跑去，口干腿抖。Hesankinthesofa，crossedhislegsandrestedhischinononefist，lostindeepthought.(动作链描写，形容词短语作状语)他一屁股坐在沙发上，盘着腿，一只拳头托着下巴，陷入了沉思。语料运用人与植物Diagnosedwithcancer，John①draggedhisheavylegsforwardandarrivedathome.②Hesankinthesofa，crossedhislegsandrestedhischinononefist，lostindeepthought(动作链描写)．Afewminuteslater，③exhaustedandhopeless(形容词作状语)，helayinbed，buthewasunabletofallasleep.Thenhe④walkedupanddownrestlesslyinthehouse，hisfacepaleandhishandsshakingslightly.Seeinghewaslostintheabyssofsadness，hiswifeboughthimabeautifulplant.Hesuspectedwhethertheplantcouldbringvitalityandcalmnesstotheirhomeduringthisdifficulttime，buthe⑤didn’tdeclineit.Everyday⑥withhislegswideapart(with复合结构)，hesatonthegroundandcaredfortheplantwithgreatcare.Tendingtotheplantgavehimasenseofaccomplishmentatatimewhenhefelthopeless.约翰被诊断出患有癌症，拖着沉重的双腿回到家。他一屁股坐在沙发上，盘着腿，一只拳头托着下巴，陷入了沉思。几分钟后，他又累又绝望地躺在床上，却无法入睡。然后他不安地在屋里走来走去，脸色苍白，双手微微颤抖。看到他沉浸在悲伤的深渊中，他的妻子给他买了一株美丽的植物。他怀疑这种植物能否在这艰难的时刻给他们的家带来生机和平静，但他没有拒绝它。他每天都双腿叉开坐在地上，小心翼翼地照料那株植物。在他感到绝望的时候，照顾这株植物给了他一种成就感。高考题型组合练23提示：带★的文章和单元主题相关Ⅰ.阅读理解A(★)YourGardenEscapeEveninthebigcityyoucanfindoases(绿洲)ofcalmandbeauty.Fromaroyalpalacetoaclassicalgarden，werecommendgreatgreenspacestoescapethehustleandbustleofLondon.HornimanGardensHornimanGardenscover16acreswithbreathtakingviewsofLondon.VisitorscanenjoytheSoundGarden，MeadowField，andevenaPrehistoricGarden，whichfeaturesadisplayof“livingfossils”．Thegardensareverypopularwithfamilies，anddogscanbeletofftheirleadsintheMeadowField.ChiswickGardenAsaclassicalgardenlandscapeinLondon，itwasherethattheEnglishLandscapeMovementwasbornwithWilliamKent’sdesigns.Enjoyfreshbread，seasonalfood，andnaturalwinesintheaward-winningcafe，whileadmiringthebeautyofthenaturalisticlandscape，spottedwithimpressiveartandstatues.BuckinghamPalaceGardenThe39-acregardenboastsmorethan350typesofwildflowers，over200treesandathree-acrelake.ThegardenalsoprovidesahabitatfornativebirdsrarelyseeninLondon.AtourofthegardencanbecompletedbyhavingacreamteainthecafeoverlookingthePalace’sfamousgrasslandandlake.KewGardenTheRoyalBotanicGardenatKewisoneoftheworld’smostfamousgardensandaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Haveawalkthroughthevastgarden，spotlocalwildlifeatthelake，orgetyourhandsdirtybytryingagardeninglesson.BesuretovisittheTemperateHouse，whichcontainssomeoftherarestandmostthreatenedplants.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。文章主要向读者介绍了伦敦一些著名的公园景点。1．WhatcanvisitorsdoinbothHornimanGardensandChiswickGarden?A．Studylivingfossils.B．Tastedeliciousfood.C．Enjoyimpressiveart.D．Appreciatefineviews.答案D解析细节理解题。根据HornimanGardens部分的“HornimanGardenscover16acreswithbreathtakingviewsofLondon.”和ChiswickGarden部分的“Enjoyfreshbread...whileadmiringthebeautyofthenaturalisticlandscape...”可知，游客可以在霍尼曼花园和奇斯威克花园欣赏美景。故选D。2．Whereshouldvisitorsgoiftheywanttojoininhands-onactivities?A．HornimanGardens.B．ChiswickGarden.C．BuckinghamPalaceGarden.D．KewGarden.答案D解析细节理解题。根据KewGarden部分的“Haveawalkthroughthevastgarden，spotlocalwildlifeatthelake，orgetyourhandsdirtybytryingagardeninglesson.”可知，如果游客想参加实践活动，他们应该去KewGarden。故选D。3．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Toinformvisitorsoffamousgardens.B．Toentertaininterestedgardenvisitors.C．Tostressthenecessityofgardenescape.D．Toshowthebenefitsoftouringgardens.答案A解析写作意图题。根据第一段的“Fromaroyalpalacetoaclassicalgarden，werecommendgreatgreenspacestoescapethehustleandbustleofLondon.”可知，文章的目的是向游客介绍著名公园。故选A。BScientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans，afterresearchshowedthatafamousskullofahumanancestorfoundinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolderthanexpertsthought.Thisdiscoveryhaschangedwhatweknowofhumanhistory.Theskull，whichscientistshavenamed“MrsPles”，isfromanape-likehumanrelativefromaspeciescalledAustralopithecusafricanus(南方古猿非洲种)．ItwasfoundnearJohannesburgin1947and，basedonevidencefromitssurroundings，wasthoughttobebetween2.1and2.6millionyearsold.Thispuzzledscientists，becausealthoughMrsPleslookslikeapossibleearlyancestorofearlyhumans，thefirsttruehumanshadalreadyevolvedbythetimesheapparentlylived.Forthisreason，scientistshaddecidedthatAustralopithecusafarensis，asimilarspeciesfromEastAfricathatlivedabout3.5millionyearsago，wasourmostlikelyancestorinstead.TogetamoreaccurateageforMrsPles，ateamledbyProfessorDarrylGrangerofPurdueUniversityinIndiana，US，usedanewmethodtodatethesandyrockswheretheskulllay.Theymeasuredtheamountofcertainchemicalsinrocks，whichformatasteadyratewhentheyareexposedtocosmicrays(宇宙射线)onEarth’ssurface.Oncerocksareburied，thesechemicalsstopformingandslowlydisappear；thesurvivingamountrevealshowmuchtimehaspassedsincetherocks(orbones)wereonthesurface.ThenewstudyshowsthatMrsPlesandotheraustralopithecinebonesnearbyarebetween3.4and3.7millionyearsold.ThismeanstheylivedatthesametimeastheirEastAfricanrelatives，sothateithergroupcouldhavegivenrisetomodernhumans.However，teammemberDrLaurentBruxellespointedoutthatovermillionsofyears，atonly2,500milesaway，thesegroupshadplentyoftimetotravelandtobreedwitheachother.Inotherwords，thegroupscouldquiteeasilyhavemet，hadchildrentogetherandbothbeenpartofthehistoryofmodernhumans.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，在南非发现的一个著名的人类祖先头骨的年代比专家们认为的要早100万年。这一发现改变了我们对人类历史的认识。4．WhatcanwelearnaboutMrsPlesfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．ItisaskullfoundinEastAfrica.B．Itisthemostpossibleancestorofhumans.C．Itisamillionyearsolderthanscientistsexpected.D．Itisprovedtolivebetween2.1and2.6millionyearsago.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段的“Scientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans，afterresearchshowedthatafamousskullofahumanancestorfoundinSouthAfricaisamillionyearsolderthanexpertsthought.”和第二段的“Theskull，whichscientistshavenamed‘MrsPles’”可知，“Ples夫人”的年代比科学家预期的要早100万年。故选C。5．Howdidscientistsgettheaccurateageof“MrsPles”？A．Bystudyingtheeffectofcosmicrays.B．Bycalculatingtheformingrateofchemicals.C．Bylocatingthesandyrockswheretheskulllay.D．Bymeasuringthesurvivingamountofchemicals.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段的“Theymeasuredtheamountofcertainchemicalsinrocks...thesurvivingamountreveals...onthesurface.”可知，科学家通过测量保存下来的化学物质的含量来得到“Ples夫人”的准确年龄。故选D。6．Whatcanweinferfromthenewstudy?A．ModernhumanscameintobeinginEastAfrica.B．MrsPlestravelledandhadchildrenwithEastAfricanrelatives.C．Thehistoryofmodernhumansmightbegin3.5millionyearsago.D．Ape-likespeciesfromAfricacouldhaveinteractedwitheachother.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Inotherwords，thegroupscouldquiteeasilyhavemet，hadchildrentogetherandbothbeenpartofthehistoryofmodernhumans.”可知，我们能从这项新研究中推断出来自非洲的类人猿物种可能相互交流。故选D。7．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．HistoricalPuzzleUnsolvedB．AncestorMysterySolvedC．MrsPles:TheEarliestHumanBeingD．MrsPles:AFamousSkull答案B解析标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Scientistshavesolvedapuzzleaboutmodernhumans，...”可知，本文主要讲的是科学家们解开了一个关于现代人类祖先头骨的谜题，因此最好的题目是B选项“AncestorMysterySolved”。故选B。C(★)Afterafive-yeartraveltostudyplants，animalsandfossils(化石)inSouthAmericaandontheislandsinthePacific，BritishnaturalistCharlesDarwinbroughttheideaofnaturalselectiontotheattentionoftheworldinhisbestsellingbook，OntheOriginofSpecies.Naturalselectionistheprocessthroughwhichpopulationsoflivingorganismsadaptandchangenaturally.Individualsinapopulationarenaturallyvariable.Inotherwords，theyarealldifferentinsomeways.Thisvariationmeansthatsomeindividualshavecharacteristicsbettersuitedtotheenvironmentthanothers.Individualswithadaptivecharacteristics—characteristicsthatgivethemsomeadvantage—aremorelikelytosurviveandreproduce.Theseindividualsthenpasstheadaptivecharacteristicsontotheirchildren.Overtime，thesecharacteristicsbecomemorecommoninthepopulation.Throughthisprocessofnaturalselection，adaptivecharacteristicsarepassedontothenextgenerations.Thoseorganismsthatcannotadaptfastenoughthroughnaturalselectionwilldieout.Naturalselectioncanalsoleadtonewanddistinctlydifferentspecies.ItisoneoftheprocessesthatdrivephylogenesisandhelptoexplainthediversityoflifeonEarth.Darwinchosethenamenaturalselectiontocontrastwithartificialselectionthatiscontrolledbyhumans.Darwinandotherscientistsofhisdayarguedthataprocessmuchlikeartificialselectionhappenedinnature，withoutanyhumanhelp.Hearguedthatnaturalselectionexplainedhowawidevarietyoflifeformsdevelopedovertimefromasinglecommonancestor.Throughstudyingthefossilrecord，weknowthatsomespeciesmaynotbeabletoadaptfastenoughthroughnaturalselectionandmanyofthemthatoncelivedonEartharenowextinct.Dinosaursareoneexample.However，humanactionssuchasover-huntingandthedestructionofhabitatshavebecomethemaincauseofextinctionstoday.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了达尔文的自然选择法则，解释了其概念以及自然选择在生物多样性上的作用。8．Whydosomespeciesdieoutaccordingtothetext?A．Theycan’tadapttothechangedenvironments.B．Theyfailtolearnfromtheircommonancestors.C．Theyhavetoomanyvariableindividualsinthespecies.D．Theycannotfindenoughfoodandstarvetodeathslowly.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Thoseorganismsthatcannotadaptfastenoughthroughnaturalselectionwilldieout.”可知，物种灭绝的原因是跟不上环境的变化。故选A。9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“phylogenesis”inparagraph3referto?A．Extinction. B．Exposure.C．Development. D．Replacement.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词上下文内容可知，自然选择能产生新的和截然不同的物种，是驱动物种发展的过程，有助于解释地球上生命的多样性。故画线词意思是“发展”。故选C。10．Whichparagraphmentionsthedifferencebetweenartificialandnaturalselections?A．Paragraph1. B．Paragraph2.C．Paragraph3. D．Paragraph4.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段的“Darwinchosethenamenaturalselection...withoutanyhumanhelp.”可知，第四段提到了人工选择和自然选择的区别。故选D。11．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Species’extinctionisslowingdownrecently.B．Humanactionscanleadtospecies’extinctions.C．Measuresmustbetakentostopeatinganimals.D．Artificialselectionismoreimportantthannaturalselection.答案B解析细节理解题。根据最后一段的“However，humanactionssuchasover-huntingandthedestructionofhabitatshavebecomethemaincauseofextinctionstoday.”可知，人类行为也可能导致物种灭绝。故选B。Ⅱ.七选五IcametoRussiatostudyinthewinterof2021.MyuniversityislocatedinMoscow，thecapitalofRussia，whichisacitywithalonghistory.ThesecondIsteppedoutoftheairport，Iimmediatelyfelthowcolditwasoutside.1WhenIsawthemainbuildingofMoscowStateUniversity，Iwasdeeplyshockedbyitsbeautifularchitecturewithits270-year-l