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SectionⅢDiscoverusefulstructures—Pastparticiplesvsthe-ingformJourneyacrossavastlandUnit4阅读以下短文,找出含有动词-ing和动词-ed形式的句子,并感悟其在句中所作成分。Withmanypainters,musicians,novelistsandpoetslookingattheworldinnewanddifferentways,Romanticismwasaculturalmovementfromthelate18thtothemid-19thcentury.Breakingwiththeidealsofthe18thcenturywastheaimoftheRomantics:theygaveupfollowingrigidrules;instead,theyputemphasisontheimportanceofimaginationandfeeling,theloveofnatureandareturntothepast.InEngland,语境感悟thegreatestachievementsoftheRomanticmovementlayinpoetry,especiallythatofWilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridge,GeorgeGordonByronandPercyByssheShelley.Duringthattime,Englandwasundergoingaprocesscalledindustrialization.Largefactorieswerebeingbuiltandpeopleweremadetoworklonghours.Romanticpoetswereoftennotpleasedwithwhatwashappeningintheircountryandtheywerenotalwaysinterestedintheimprovementsinscience.Instead,theyadvocatedgoingbacktonature.Asaresult,celebratingthebeautyofnatureandcountrylifebecameacommonthemeinRomanticpoetry.Thepoetsalsowroteaboutindividualfeelingsandbeliefs.Exploringtheworldofemotionandshowingthebeautyofnature,thepoetryoftheRomanticeraisoneofthegreatesttreasuresinWesternliterature.答案1.主语:Breakingwiththeidealsofthe18thcenturywastheaimoftheRomantics......celebratingthebeautyofnatureandcountrylifebecameacommonthemeinRomanticpoetry.2.宾语:...theygaveupfollowingrigidrules....theyadvocatedgoingbacktonature.3.表语:Romanticpoetswereoftennotpleasedwith...andtheywerenotalwaysinterestedintheimprovementsinscience.4.定语:Duringthattime,Englandwasundergoingaprocesscalledindustrialization.5.状语:Exploringtheworldofemotionandshowingthebeautyofnature,thepoetryoftheRomanticera...6.补语:Withmanypainters,musicians,novelistsandpoetslookingattheworldinnewanddifferentways,Romanticismwasaculturalmovement...语法精讲一、过去分词和动词-ing形式作表语Helookedworriedafterreadingtheletter.看完信后,他显得很忧虑。Whenweheardofit,weweredeeplymoved.当我们听说这件事时,我们深受感动。Weweresurprisedatwhathesaidatthemeeting.我们对他在会上讲的话感到很惊讶。Hiswordswerediscouraging,whichmademanypeoplediscouraged.他的话令人泄气,使得很多人灰心丧气。Thefrightenedlookonherfacesuggestedthatshewasfrightenedbythefrighteningscene.她脸上害怕的表情表明她被这恐怖的场面吓着了。

总结<<<表语常放在be,get,feel,remain,seem,look,become等系动词之后;过去分词作表语表示人或物的心情或状态等,也可理解为心情或状态受到外界影响,有“感到……”之意;动词-ing形式作表语表示人或物的自身特征,有“令人……”之意。二、过去分词和动词-ing形式作状语Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去陈旧了。Usingthebook,Ifinditveryuseful.在使用这本书时,我发现它很有用。Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thescenerywasreallyfascinating.从山顶看去,风景真迷人。Seeingthesceneryfromthetopofthemountain,Iwasfascinatedbytheautumncolours.从山顶看风景,我被秋色迷住了。Followedbythestudents,theheadteacherenteredtheclassroom.被学生跟着,班主任进了教室。Followingthestudents,theheadteacherenteredtheclassroom.跟着学生,班主任进了教室。Whenhewasaskedabouthisaddress,theboydidn’trespond.=Whenaskedabouthisaddress,theboydidn’trespond.当被问到地址的时候,这位男孩没有回答。Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofthestorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.=Thoughwarnedofthestorm,thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.尽管被警告过有暴风雨,但农民们仍然在田地里劳作。Whenyoucrossthestreet,youmustbecareful.=Whencrossingthestreet,youmustbecareful.当过马路的时候,你务必小心。

总结<<<1.过去分词和动词-ing形式作状语时,其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语。过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系,往往表示完成;动词-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,一般表示动作正在进行。2.过去分词和动词-ing形式通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等,为表意更明确可以在其前面加上相应的连词,如if,unless,although等。

拓展<<<部分过去分词已经形容词化,作状语时不表示“被动关系”,其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有lostin(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、dressedin(穿着)、tiredof/boredwith(厌烦了)、used/accustomedto(习惯于)等。

Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,shedidn’thearthesound.由于陷入沉思,所以她没有听到那个声音。Dressedinanewdress,shelooksverybeautifulandelegant.穿着一件新衣服,她看上去很漂亮,很优雅。三、过去分词(短语)作表语与被动语态的区别Thecupisbroken.杯子碎了。(系表结构)ThecupwasbrokenbyTom.杯子是被汤姆打碎的。(被动语态)总结:过去分词(短语)作表语时,强调主语所处的状态,而谓语动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,强调动作。Ⅰ.句型转换1.Becausehewasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords,hedidlotsofthingstohelphisclassmates.(过去分词作状语)→

,hedidlotsofthingstohelphisclassmates.2.Turneddownmanytimes,themandidn’tloseheart.(让步状语从句)→

,themandidn’tloseheart.达标检测Greatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swordsAlthough/Though/Whilehewasturneddownmanytimes3.WhenIlookedoutofthewindow,Isawsomestudentsplayingthere.(动词-ing形式作状语)→

,Isawsomestudentsplayingthere.4.IfImakemoreefforts,IwillmakemuchmoreprogressinEnglish.(动词-ing形式作状语)→

,IwillmakemuchmoreprogressinEnglish.LookingoutofthewindowMakingmoreeffortsⅡ.完成句子1._______________________________________________________________________,Iamwritingtoinformyouofthearrangementofournextlesson.得知你在汉语学习方面取得了一些进步,我很高兴。我写信告诉你我们下节课的安排。2.Tomwasalittlenervous,

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