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Period7FocusonLanguage—ModalVerbs&VerbswithSimilarMeanings阅读以下短文,感知加黑部分,并完成文后的练习“WhatshallIread?”Youmighthaveaskedyourselfthisquestionmorethanonce.Ifyouarenotsurewhattoread,youcangetideasfromdifferentsources,butitisalsoimportanttodevelopyourowntaste.Tostartwith,askyourfriends,parentsandteacherstorecommendwhatbooksyououghttoread.Mostpeoplewillbehappytosharetheirfavouritebookswithothers.Teachersinparticularcanprovidesuggestionsforinterestingreadingmaterialsthatcanbefoundinthelibraryorbookshopeasily.Youcouldalsoreadbookreviewsinnewspapers,inmagazinesoronline.Abookreviewcanoftentellyouwhetherabookisworthreadingornot.Theseideasshouldpointyouintherightdirection.However,youmustalsodecideforyourselfwhatkindofbookstoread.Youdonothavetoreadabookjustbecauseeveryonerecommendsit.Instead,lookforbooksontopicsthatinterestyou.Taketimetolookthroughthecollectionsindifferentsectionsofyourlocallibrary,andyouarelikelytocomeacrossbooksyoulovetoread.Overtime,youmayfindyourselfbetterabletoseekoutbookstoyourtasteandenjoyreadingallthemore.自主发现(1)以上黑体词为情态动词,这类词本身有词义,表示说话人的语气或情态,在句中不能单独用作谓语动词,一般只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。(2)情态动词一般无人称和数的变化,个别情态动词有现在时和过去时两种时态变化。情态动词一、情态动词的概念情态动词(ModalVerbs)本身有词义,表示说话人的语气或情态,如命令、允诺、请求、拒绝、愿望、意愿、义务、必要、可能、能力、敢于、需要等。情态动词有词义但词义不全,不能单独用作谓语动词,一般只能和动词原形一起构成谓语动词。二、情态动词的特征1.情态动词后面一般直接加动词原形,除了ought+todosth;2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化,第三人称单数的现在时也无变化;3.情态动词没有非谓语形式;即没有不定式、动名词或分词形式;4.情态动词只有现在式和过去式两种形式,但可以表示现在、过去和将来时间。三、情态动词的用法1.can与could的用法(1)表示能力:can表示现在的能力,could表示过去的能力。Icanplaybasketballnow,butIcouldn’twhenIwasyoung.现在我会打篮球了,但小时候我不会。(2)表示请求和许可:could语气比can委婉,但回答时只能用can。—Can/Couldyoulendmeahand?—Yes,Ican.——你能帮我一下吗?——我能。(3)表示推测,意为“可能”。多用于否定句或疑问句。—Canhebeinthereadingroomnow?—No,hecan’tbeinit.BecauseIsawhimintheofficejustnow.——他现在可能在阅览室吗?——不,他不可能在(阅览室)。因为我刚刚在办公室看见他了。(4)表示理论上或习惯上的可能性,意为“可能会”。Ithinksomeadvertisementscanbequitedangerous.我认为有些广告可能会非常有害。比较can,beableto表示“能力”时的区别can用于指现在,常表示自身具有的能力。beableto用于各种时态,表示经过努力后所具有的能力。Babiescanswimwhentheyareborn.婴儿们刚生下来时会游泳。(自身具有的能力)Withouthishardwork,hewasnotabletogetgoodgrades.如果没有他的努力工作,他是不可能取得好成绩的。(经过努力)2.may与might的用法1表示征求对方的许可或允许不用might。2表示推测把握不大,意为“可能”,多用于肯定句。might比may的可能性更小。3may用于祈使句,表示祝愿。—MayIcomein?—Yes,youmay/can.——我可以进来吗?——是的,你可以进来。Itmay/mightrainthisafternoon.You’dbettertakearaincoatwithyou.今天下午可能会下雨。你最好带上雨衣。Mayyouhaveagoodjourney!祝你旅途愉快!注意may表示“允许”时的否定形式是mustnot(不应该,不许可)。—MayItakethisbookoutofthereadingroom?—No,youmustn’t.——我可以把这本书拿出阅览室吗?——不行。3.will与would的用法1will用于将来时态的构成,表示意志、意愿、决心等,其过去式是would。2would可以表示“过去常常做……”。Shewilltakepartintheopeningceremonyifshehasfreetimetomorrow.如果明天有时间,她愿意来参加开幕式。IstillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmymotherwouldtakemetoDisneylandatweekends.我还记得快乐的童年时光,当时妈妈常在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。4.should与oughtto的用法(1)表示责任或义务,意为“应该”。用于表示按道理应当,常指客观的义务或责任。oughtto比should的语气重。(2)表示劝告、建议或命令。should和oughtto可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。oughtto的否定式为oughtn’tto或oughtnotto。(3)表示推测。两者可换用。Yououghtto/shouldfollowtheoldman’sadvice.你应当听那位老人的建议。Yououghtto/shouldgototheclinicatonce.Youdon’tlookwell.你脸色不好,应该马上到医务室去。Thisiswheretheoiloughtto/shouldbe.这里应该就是石油存在的地方。5.shall的用法1用于一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方意见。2用于二、三人称的陈述句中,表示允许、命令、警告和决心。ShallIopenthewindowinthesitting-room?我可以打开客厅的窗户吗?YoushallreturnthisbooktothelibrarybeforeJune1st.六月一号前你要把书还回图书馆。Anyoneshallbepunishedifhe/shebreakstheschoolrules.任何人违反学校规定都将会受到惩罚。6.must的用法(1)表示命令或强烈的建议,意为“必须”。Allthestudentsmustobeytheschoolrules.所有学生必须遵守校规。(2)表示十分肯定的推测,意为“一定;准是”。Bettymustbeinthenextroom.Icanhearhertalkingthere.贝蒂肯定在隔壁房间。我能听见她在那儿讲话。(3)表示说话人的一种态度,意为“偏要;硬要;偏偏”。MustyoumakesomuchnoisewhenIhavearest?你非得在我休息时弄出这么大的声音吗?(4)mustnot表示禁止,意思是“不许”“不准”“不可以”等。Youmustn’tstopyourcarinthebusystreet.你不能把车停在繁忙的路上。注意回答must问句时,肯定回答多用must;否定回答多用needn’t或don’thaveto。—MustIfinishmyhomeworkbeforeeighto’clock?—Yes,youmust.(No,youneedn’t./youdon’thaveto.)——我必须要在8点之前完成作业吗?——是的,必须。(不,没必要。)比较must和haveto(1)haveto“不得不”,有时态、人称和数的变化,其否定形式为don’t/doesn’t/didn’thaveto。(2)haveto表示一种客观的需要,而must表示一种主观的需要。It’stoolate.Ihavetogohomenow.天色太晚了,我现在得回家了。Youdon’thavetofinishtheworknow.你没有必要现在完成这项工作。Youmustcutdownonsmoking.你必须少抽些烟。7.dare与need的用法1need与dare用作情态动词时,一般只用于否定句与疑问句中。2need与dare用作实义动词时有人称、数及时态的变化,其后多接带to的不定式,有时to也可省去尤其是在否定句或疑问句中。Howdareyoutalktomeinsucharudeway?你怎么敢这么粗鲁地跟我说话?Iwonderhowhedarestosaysuchthings.我纳闷他怎么竟敢说出这样的话来。Wedon’tdare(to)sayanythingaboutthepresentsituation.对于目前的形势我们什么也不敢说。Youneedn’tworryabouthimbecausehehasbeenoldenoughtotakecareofhimself.你不必为他担心,他已经足够大能照顾自己了。四、“情态动词+havedone”的用法“情态动词+havedone”表示对过去事情的推测或者表示虚拟语气。各情态动词的这种具体用法如下表:can’t/couldn’thavedone过去一定未做(表推测)musthavedone过去一定做了(表推测)may/mighthavedone过去也许做了(表推测)couldhavedone本能做而未做(表虚拟)should/oughttohavedone本该做而未做(表虚拟)needn’thavedone本不必做而做了(表虚拟)Hecan’t/couldn’thavewatchedTVlastnight,forheknewhewouldhaveatest.昨天晚上他不可能看电视,因为他知道就要考试了。Fromwhatyousaid,shemusthavetoldyouallaboutit.从你所说的来看,她一定把一切都告诉你了。Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewastoocareless.本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心了。Youshould/oughttohavetoldmeearlierorImighthavegonewiththem.你本应该早点告诉我,不然的话我就会和他们一块去了。Ineedn’thavecookedsomuchfood.Nobodywashungry.我本不必做这么多吃的,大家都不饿。英语常用近义动词动词是高考考查重点,在完形填空和写作中,动词词义辨析尤为重要。英语中有不少动词,意思相近,但是其真正的意义和用法还是有一定的差别。需要在平时的学习中注意区分。下面是英语中常用的近义动词。1.accept,receive1accept表示主动自愿“接受”2receive强调“接到”或“收到”IammorethangladtoreceiveyourletteraskingmeabouttheGrown-up-ceremony.我很高兴收到你的来信,询问我关于成人礼的事情。Thanksalotforyourgift,andIwillacceptitwithgreatappreciation.非常感谢你送的礼物,我将怀着感激之情收下。2.separate,divide1separate指把连在一起或混合在一起的东西分开,常与from连用2divide指把一个整体分为若干部分,常与into连用Thewholeclasswasdividedintofourgroupsatrandom.全班被随机分成四个小组。Theinfectedpatientsmustbeseparatedfromotherpeopleimmediately.被感染的病人必须立刻跟其他人分开。3.wear,dress,puton1wear指穿衣、鞋袜或戴手套等,侧重穿戴的状态。2dress指给自己或他人穿衣。3puton指把衣服、鞋袜、帽子、手套等戴上去,侧重穿戴的动作。Whydoeshealwaysweardarksunglasses?他为什么总是戴着墨镜?Themotherdressedherbabyinabeautifulredskirt.母亲给她的宝宝穿上了漂亮的红裙子。Putonyourheavywintercoatifyoumustgooutnow.如果你现在非要出去就穿上你的厚冬衣。4.look,stare,glare,glance,gaze,peek(1)look“看,瞧”,一般用词(2)stare侧重于因惊奇、羡慕等而睁大眼睛看(3)glare指用愤恨、凶狠的目光怒视(4)glance强调匆忙扫视或一瞥(5)gaze指长时间目不转睛地看(6)peek指瞥视;偷窥Childrenshouldbetaughtnottostareatthedisabledpeople.应该教育孩子不要盯着残疾人看。Hedidn’tshoutbutjustglaredatmesilently.他没有喊叫,只是默默地怒视着我。Heglancedathiswatchandlefttheofficeinahurry.他匆匆看了下手表,然后匆忙离开了办公室。Theycaughthimpeekingthroughthekeypolewhentheycameback.他们回来时逮住他正在通过锁孔往里窥视。5.carry,bring,take,fetch1carry指随身携带2bring意思是“带来,拿来”由远及近3take意思是“带去,拿去”由近及远4fetch意思是“去取回来”强调往返动作Oneoftheadvantagesofthiskindofsunumbrellaisthatitisveryeasytocarry.这种遮阳伞的优点之一就是便于随身携带。You’dbetterbringyourownbottlehereincasethepapercupsarenotavailable.你明天最好带自己的水杯过来以防纸杯不够用。Nooneshouldtakeawaywhateverdoesn’tbelongtohimorher.任何人都不能拿走不属于自己的东西。Waitforamoment,andIwillfetchyousomeicywatertoeasethesevereheat.稍等一下,我去给你取些冰水来缓解酷热。6.choose,elect,pick,select1choose“选择”,一般用词,侧重于决定2elect表示“选举,推选”3select侧重“精挑细选”4pick表示“挑选,挑拣”Whenitcomestobuyinglivingnecessities,mentendtochooserandomlywhilewomenwillselectcarefully.在购买生活用品时,男人往往会随意作出选择,而女人则会精挑细选。EmmanuelMacronwaselectedFrenchPresidentagainlastweek.上周,以马内利·马克龙又当选为法国总统。Whilelisteningtothesong,picksomeusefulwordsandphrases.听歌的时候,从中挑选一些有用的单词和短语。7.happen,occur,takeplace,comeabout,breakout(1)happen强调“碰巧发生”(2)occur表示“发生、想到、突然想起”(3)takeplace多表示按计划发生,意思是“举办,发生”(4)comeabout多表示事情已经发生过了,常用在否定句与疑问句中(5)breakout多指“(战争、争吵等)突然爆发”Nooneknowsexactlywhatwillhappennext.没有人确切地知道,接下来会发生什么。Itoccurredtomethatshehasresignedfromourcompanyandcouldn’tbebothered.我突然想起她已经从我们公司辞职,不能再麻烦她了。Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometowninthepast10years.十年来我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。I’llneverunderstandhowitcameaboutthatyoushouldfailtheexam.我永远也不会明白你怎么会考试不及格。Afirebrokeoutinthehospitalatmidnight,fortunatelycausingnodeathorsevereinjuries.午夜,医院发生了火灾,所幸,没有人员伤亡。语篇选词填空W:Ican’tfindmykeysandI’mlate.There1.might(might/would)bealotoftrafficintownsoIneedtohurry.They’renotinmybagsothey2.must(must/shall)beintheflatsomewhere.M:Haveyoulookedinthekitchen?W:They3.can’t(can’t/mustn’t)betherebecauseIhaven’tbeeninthekitchen.They4.might(would/might)beinthebedroombecauseIchangedmyclothesthereorthey5.could(could/must)beonthetableinthehall.I’llgoandlook.No,theyarenotthere.M:Didyouleavetheminthecar?W:They6.can’t(can’t/needn’t)beinthecarbecauseIopenedthedoorwiththem.They7.must(shall/must)betheresomewhere.M:Ican’tseethem.Let’sthink.They8.can’t(mustn’t/can’t)beinyourcoatpocketsbecauseyouweren’twearingonebutthey9.might(hadto/might)beinyourjeanspockets.Haveyoulookedthere?W:Oh,thanks.Theyarehere.Ⅰ.从括号中选出适当的情态动词填空WhenmyEnglishteachersuggestedthatIreadCharlesDickens’sAChristmasCarol,Ithought,“I1.can’t(can’t/shouldn’t)readthis!It2.must(hasto/must)beveryboring!”Surprisingly,itturnedouttheexactopposite.I3.could(could/might)notstopturningthepages!Thebook’smaincharacterisScrooge,arichbutmeanoldman.Hehatesallkindsofcelebrations.OnChristmasEve,heistransportedtodifferentpointsinhislifebythreespirits.Intheend,hereflectsonthesemomentsandrealizeshismistakes.Thenhedecidesthathe4.must(might/must)changehimself.OnChristmasmorning,hesendsalargeturkeytoapoormanforChristmasdinner.Healsotriestomakehisfamilyandfriendshappybyspendingtimewiththem.Thereissomethingthat5.can(can/must)belearnedfromAChristmasCarol:we6.should(should/may)treatotherswithkindness,generosityandlove.Ithinkeveryone7.oughtto(would/oughtto)readthisbook.Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子1.IamfeelingsickandIshouldn’thaveeaten(本不应该)somuchchocolate.2.Twoyearslater,hewasabletospeakverygoodChinese(能够说汉语说得很好).3.Wewerebadlyinneedofhelpthen,butwedarednottoturntohim(不敢向他求助).4.Youcan’tbetoocareful(再小心都不为过)whencrossingthestreet.Ⅲ.阅读理解Formanyofus,askingforhelpisadifficultconcept.Wemayfeelasifweareadmittingaweaknessthatworldwouldnothaveknownabout,hadwenotaskedforhelp.However,peoplewhoareabletodeliverwell-positionedrequestsforhelpareoftenseenasverystrongindividuals.Whentheydemonstratethehumility(谦卑)toaskforhelp,theyearntherespectofothers.Peoplewhoreceiveaheartfeltrequestforhelpareusuallyhonoredbytherequest.Inturn,wearestrengthenedbytheveryhelpthatisprovided.OneofmyclientsnamedKirarecentlymadeashiftinhowshewasinteractingwithherboss.Whenaskedtopreparepresentations,sheassumedthatshewasexpectedtodevelopthecontent,deliveritattherequiredmeetingandthenwaitforfeedbackfromherboss.However,Kirarecognizedthatshehadnotyetmadeuseofherboss’ssupport.Shecouldlearnfarmoreaboutcreatingattractivepresentationsbywalkingthroughadraftwithherbossandobtainingfeedbackearlierintheprocessratherthanatthebackend.Soshemadetherequestforhissupport.Theoutcome?HerbosswasdelightedtocoachKiraandwasenthusiasticaboutteachingpresentationskillstoher.BytakingthetimetoworktogetheronpresentationforanumberofKira’skeypresentations,shebenefitedfromherboss’sthoughtprocessandthusimprovedherownpresentations.Kira’spresentationsnowhavepunch!Someofusareuncomfortableaskingforhelpbecausewebelievethatourrequestplacesburdensontheotherperson.However,wemaymissanopportunitytoshowothershowwevalueandrespectthem.Peoplewhoknowyouandthinkwellofyouareoftenhighlymotivatedtohelp.Furthermore,themorespecificyoucanbeaboutwhatyouneedfromthem,theeasieritisforthemtoassistyou.语篇解读本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过举例并讨论,表达了恰当地寻求帮助的人是非常强大的人这一观点,并鼓励人们适时寻求帮助。1.Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith?A.Weakpeopleoftenneedmorehelp.B.Helpingothersishelpingoneself.C.Well-positionedrequestsforhelparewelcomed.D.Askingforhelpmeansadmittingweaknesses.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知,作者会认为恰当地请求别人的帮助是会受到人们的欢迎的。故选C。2.WhatcanwelearnaboutKira’srequestforhelp?A.Itturnedoutrewarding.B.Itledtoherpromotion.C.Itwasturneddown.D.Itbenefitedherbossinreturn.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,Kira向老板寻求帮助,得到了老板的热情相助,她从中获益匪浅,是非常值得的。故选A。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence“Kira’spresentationsnowhavepunch!”mean?A.Herpresentationsareforceful.B.Herpresentationsarecontroversial.C.Herpresentationsarepositive.D.Herpresentationsaremotivating.答案A解析句意理解题。根据画线句前文可知,Kira从老板的帮助中获益匪浅,她的演示有所提高,并结合画线句“Kira’spresentationsnowhavepunch!”可知,Kira的演示现在非常有吸引力,有说服力。故选A。4.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toillustratehowtoaskforhelp.B.Tocallforattentiontoothers’requests.C.Toshowtheimportanceofmutualhelp.D.Toencouragepeopletoaskforhelp.答案D解析写作意图题。根据第二段第一句和最后一段最后两句并结合全文内容可知,本文的主要目的是鼓励人们能够适时向他人寻求帮助。故选D。Ⅳ.完形填空Carol-AnneO’Callaghan,a60-year-oldretiredteacher,hasspentmorethanhalfofherlifetimeteaching.Thistime,shewantedtodosomethingmuchmore1.Onedayin2021,O’Callaghanwaswalkingherdogswhenshe2yellowdotsonalltheoaktreesalongLeatherLane.Thedots,shelearned,indicatedthetrees’3drewnear.Themarkedtreeswouldmakewayforanewrailline,whichwasreallyapieceof4newsforher.Plantedinthe19thcentury,theywere5partsofherchildhood.“MyfamilyandIusedtopicnicunderthem,”shesaid,“andtheymeantmuch.”Unfortunately,theyweretobecutdownaspartoftheHS2high-speedrailwayprojects.O’Callaghan6HS2,onlytobetoldthe7couldn’tbechanged.Asateacher,O’Callaghanoftentoldstudents,“Ifsomethingiswrong,youcan’t8andletithappen.”Soshestarteda(n)9tosavethetrees.O’Callaghangaveoutleafletsfromdoortodoorintheneighborhood,10localpeopletofightforthetrees.Thelocals11O’Callaghan.“It’samazingtoseesomeonewhoshowsgreat12forgivingavoicetothosetrees,”saysherneighborVictoria.13,O’Callaghan’seffortspaidoff.HS214analternativeoverheaddesign.AndO’Callaghanwasnominated(提名)forthisweek’s“GuardianAngel”15herattemptstopreservenatureinthecounty.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了60岁的退休教师卡罗尔-安妮·奥卡拉汉成功拯救将要遭到破坏的橡树林的事迹。1.A.similar B.academicC.remarkable D.complex答案C解析根据上文“Carol-AnneO’Callaghan...hasspentmorethanhalfofherlifetimeteaching.”并结合后文可知,奥卡拉汉做了半辈子老师,这次她想做一些更了不起的事情,比如保护橡树。故选C。2.A.removed B.paintedC.designed D.spotted答案D解析根据“walkingherdogs”和“yellowdotsonalltheoaktrees”可知,奥卡拉汉遛狗时发现橡树上的黄色圆点。故选D。3.A.position B.misfortuneC.development D.species答案B解析根据“Themarkedtreeswouldmakewayforanewrailline...”可知,这些树木将为一条新的铁路线让路,它们的不幸即将来临。故选B。4.A.meaningless B.encouragingC.heartbreaking D.false答案C解析根据“Plantedinthe19thcentury,theywerepartsofherchildhood.”以及“theymeantmuch”可知,因为这些树对奥卡拉汉意义重大,所以砍这些树对她来说是令人心碎的。故选C。5.A.inseparable B.unimaginableC.inaccessible D.indescribable答案A解析inseparable不可分离的;unimaginable想象不到的;inaccessible难接近的;indescribable难以形容的。根据“MyfamilyandIusedtopicnicunderthem”以及“andtheymeantmuch”可知,这些树是奥卡拉汉童年不可分割的一部分。故选A。6.A.called B.launchedC.dismissed D.replaced答案A解析根据“...onlytobetoldthecouldn’tbechanged.”可知,奥卡拉汉打电话给HS2,希望对方能改变决定。故选A。7.A.style B.promiseC.research D.decision答案D解析根据“couldn’tbechanged”可知,对方告诉奥卡拉汉砍树的决定不能改变。故选D。8.A.setoff B.standbyC.makeout D.knockoff答案B解析setoff出发;standby袖手旁观;makeout理解;knockoff停止做某事。根据“...andletithappen.”可知,奥卡拉汉经常告诉学生遇到问题不能袖手旁观。故选B。9.A.competition B.conversationC.movement D.interview答案C解析根据“O’Callaghangaveoutleafletsfromdoortodoorintheneighborhood,__________localpeopletofightforthetrees.”可知,奥卡拉汉开始了一场拯救树木的运动。故选C。10.A.criticizing B.permittingC.challenging D.persuading答案D解析根据“O’Callaghangaveoutleafletsfromdoortodoorintheneighborhood...”可知,奥卡拉汉通过分发传单试图说服当地人为保护树木而战。故选D。11.A.rejected B.praisedC.claimed D.escaped答案B解析根据“It’samazingtoseesomeonewhoshowsgreatforgivingavoicetothosetrees...”可知,当地人对奥卡拉汉称赞不绝。故选B。12.A.enthusiasm B.demandC.sympathy D.respect答案A解析根据上文“gaveoutleafletsfromdoortodoor”和下文“forgivingavoicetothosetrees”可知,为保护那些树,奥卡拉汉表现出极大的热情,为它们发声。故选A。13.A.Previously B.EventuallyC.Especially D.Occasionally答案B解析根据“O’Callaghan’seffortspaidoff.”可知,奥卡拉汉的努力最终得到了回报。故选B。14.A.suspended B.opposedC.cancelled D.considered答案D解析根据“analternativeoverheaddesign”可知,HS2考虑了避开砍树的另一种架空设计。故选D。15.A.inadditionto B.regardlessofC.inrecognitionof D.insteadof答案C解析根据“AndO’Callaghanwasnominated(提名)forthisweek’s‘GuardianAngel’...”可知,奥卡拉汉被提名“守护天使”是对她保护该县自然所做的努力的承认。故选C。Ⅴ.语法填空Sincethepre-Qinperiod,Chengdu1.(be)animportantculturaltowninChina.But2.reallysetsthecityapart,culturally,isitsopera.3.importantaspectofSichuanOperaisthemagicof“facechanging”wherevividlycolouredmasksarechangedwithintheb

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