北京市2018年中考英语真题（含答案）

北京市2018年中考英语试卷一、单项填空1．MybrotherandIlikefootball.playittogetheronceaweek.A．I B．They C．We D．You2．Happybirthday,Peter!Here'sagiftyou.A．for B．in C．with D．from3．—doyouusuallygotoschool,Mary?—Bybike.A．When B．How C．Where D．Why4．Manypeoplelikepandastheyarecute.A．though B．if C．while D．because5．Igonow,orI'llmissmytrain.A．can B．might C．must D．could6．Tonyisofthethreeboys,butheisthetallest.A．young B．younger C．youngest D．theyoungest7．Billlikesreading.Hepicturebookswithhisdadeveryevening.A．read B．reads C．isreading D．hasread8．—Paul,whatwereyoudoingatnineLastnight?—Iamovieinthecinemawithmyfriends.A．waswatching B．watch C．havewatched D．willwatch9．Davidisatennisplayer.Hetoplaytenniswhenhewassixyearsold.A．begins B．willbegin C．began D．hasbegun10．—Lucy,isyouruncleateacher?—Yes,heis.Hehistoryfornearly20years.A．teaches B．hastaught C．isteaching D．willteach11．Anewinternationalairportinthecitynextyear.A．completes B．iscompletedC．willcomplete D．willbecompleted12．—Alice,couldyoutellmeLondon?—Sure.LastSunday.A．whenMr.Smithleft B．whenMr.SmithwillleaveC．whendidMr.Smithleave D．whenwillMr.Smithleave二、完形填空13．阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。

RealSolutions（解决方法）toProblemsThirtyengineerswereworkingasateaminacompany.Theywereyoungandeagertolearn.ThemanagementdecidedtoteachthemaboutfindingrealsolutionstoproblemsOneday,theteamwascalledfora（1）inahall.Theywerequitesurprisedandallreachedthehallholdingvarious（2）.Astheyentered,theyfoundaboxplacedinthecenter,fullofflatballoonsThemanageraskedeveryonetopickaballoonandblowitup.Thentheywereaskedtowritetheirnamesontheirrespective(各自的)balloons（3）sothattheballoonswouldn'tblowout.Alltried,butnoteveryonewas（4）.Fiveballoonsblewoutduetopressure（压力）.Thosewhofailedtomarktheirnamesontheballoonswere（5）outofthegame.Asaresult,25engineerscametothenextlevel.Alltheballoonscarryingtheirnameswere（6）andthenputintoaroom,hereandthere.Theengineersweretoldtopicktheballoonwithhisorhernameon.Allthe25engineersbegantosearchfortherespectiveballoonsinarush.Itwasalmost15minutesbutnoonewasableto（7）therightone.Thesecondlevelofthegamewasover.Thencamethefinallevel,theengineerswereaskedtopickanyballoonandgiveittopersonnamedontheballoon.Withinacoupleofminutes,allballoons（8）thehandsoftherespectiveengineers.Themanagerannouncedthiswastherealsolutiontotheproblem.Manytimesinourlife,sharingandhelpingothersgiveusrealsolutionstoproblems.（1）A．game B．show C．concert D．patry（2）A．purposes B．suggestions C．thoughts D．plans（3）A．quietly B．carefully C．secretly D．clearly（4）A．honest B．ready C．patient D．succeesful（5）A．checked B．helped C．ruled D．cleaned（6）A．collected B．weighed C．tied D．cleaned（7）A．mark B．hide C．number D．find（8）A．freed B．reached C．lifted D．hit三、阅读理解14．阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项:Hi,there！Itwasmy15thbirthdaylastSaturday.SomeofmyfriendsandAlan.mycousin，cametocelebrateit.Everyonebroughtmeagift,weplayedgames，sangsongsandhadabigbirthdaycake.Itwasreallyawonderfulday!Didyoudoanythingspeciallastweek?:Yes.Myclasswereonaschoolfieldtriplastweek.First,wewenttotheUniversityofNorthCarolinatolearnaboutthehistoryofitsbasketballteam.Manybasketballstarswerestudentsthere.Thenwevisitedamuseum.Welearnedabouthowtheplanewasinventedandtookmanypicturesthere.:Well,Iwasluckyenoughtogotoaconference（会议）oncharity(慈善)lastWednesday.Iwasexcitedtomeetalotofkindpeoplethere.OneofthemwasaboynamedRichard.Hespokeattheconferenceaboutthecharityworkthathehaddoneinthepastfewyears.:Itwasadifferentweekthanusual.LastThursday,myschoolband（乐队）wenttoAtlantatoperforminacompetition.Iplayedtheviolinandwewonaprize!OnFridaywewenttotheGeorgiaAquariumandgottoseedifferentkindsofsealifefromovertheworld.Itwasreallycool!（1）WhendidRogerhavehisbirthdayparty?A．LastWednesday B．lastthursdayC．LastFriday D．LastSaturday.（2）Whowentonaschoolfieldtriplastweek?A．Alan. B．Jessica C．Sara D．Richard.（3）MartinwenttoAtlantaA．speakataconference B．organizeapartyC．performinacompetition D．visitauniversity15．阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。

ABeautifulMoment

WhenIwasinhighschool.Iworkedpart-timehelpingDadsellfruitsandvegetablesatamatket.Oneday，asIwaspreparingthefruits.Alittleboycamebywithhismomandsister.Hewasabouteightyearsold，andthegirl.fiveorsix.Theywerelookingthefruitsinfrontofme.Iheardthekidssaytotheirmom(inFrench),"They'regood!"IknewitwasFrench.BecauseIcanspeakandunderstandit.ThenInoticedhowmomwaspickingthefruits.AtfirstIthoughtshewasreallylookingatthefruitsbecauseshewasfacingthem.ButthenInoticedhowmuchshehadtofeelandsmelleachoneasshepickedthemout.Andoftenaskedhersonifitlookedokay,butlookedwayabovewherehisfacewas.PuttingwhatIsawtogether,Iwassureshewasblind.Bothofthekidscontinuedtohelptheirmompickoutthefruits.Thesonmadesurethefruitswerenotobviouslybad,andthedaughterhandedthemtohermom.Thewomanthenfelteachoneandsmiled,andthedaughterwouldputthemintotheirbasket.Thekidsweresmilingwhilehelpingtheirmompickthefruitsout.Theirsmileandgentlemannermovedmeinawaythatneverhappenedbefore.Itwassobeautifultoseesuchyoungkidssowillinglyhelp.Mostkidsthatagewouldbepickingoutcandiesortoysinastoreforthemselves,insteadofhelpingtheirmompickoutfruitsasthetwokidsdid.Itwasgreattowitnessthemoment,butnotsogreatbecauseIdidn'ttellthemomhowbeautifulherchildrenwereintheirlanguage.thisiswhatIregrettothisday.（1）Thewomenandherkidscametothemarkettobuy.A．fruits B．vegetables C．candies D．toys（2）Accordingtowhathesaw,thewriterwassurethemothercouldn't.A．speak B．see C．smell D．hear（3）Thewriterwasmovedbecause.A．themotherwasbravetofaceherproblems.B．thekidswerepoliteandkindtoeachotherC．themotherwascarefulinpickingoutthingsD．thekidsweresowillingtohelptheirmother16．阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。

Someprimaryschoolchildrenhavebeenraisedinhomeswithmoregreenspacearound.Theyarelikelytocomewithlargervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterincertainareasofthebrain.Thesedifferencesareassociated(关联)withbeneficialeffectsoncognitivefunction(认知功能).ThisisthemainconclusionofastudyledbytheBarcelonaInstituteforGlobalHealth.Thestudywasperformedamong253schoolchildreninSpain.Lifelongexposure(接触)togreenspaceinthelivingplaceswasrecorded—usingtheinformationonthechildren'saddressesfrombirthupthroughtothetimeofthestudy.Brainstructurewasstudiedusing3Dmagneticresonanceimaging(MRI).Workingmemoryandinattentiveness(注意力不集中)weregradedwithcomputers.“Thisisthefirststudythatshowstheassociationbetweenlong-termexposuretogreenspaceandbrainstructure.”SaysDr.PayamDadvand,theleadingresearcherofthestudy,“Ourfindingssuggestthatexposuretogreenspaceearlyinlifecouldresultinbeneficialstructuralchangesinthebrain.”Thefindingsshowthatlong-termexposuretogreennessispositivelyassociatedwithwhiteandgreymattervolumesinseveralpartsofthebrain.Someofthemarerelatedtohigherscoresoncognitivetests.Moreover,largervolumesofwhiteandgreymatterinthosepartsmightleadtobetterworkingmemoryandlessinattentiveness.Exposuretonaturehasbeenthoughttobenecessaryforbraindevelopmentinchildren.Anotherstudyof2,593childrenshowsthatchildreninschoolwithmoregreenspacehaveagreaterincreaseinworkingmemoryandagreaterdecreaseininattentiveness.Humansarebelievedtobetiedtonature.Playingingreenerareasofferschildrenopportunitiestosearchandlearn.Accordingly,greenspaceisthoughttopromptimportantexercisesindiscovery,creativityandrisktaking.Theseexercisesinturnpositivelyinfluencebraindevelopment.Dr.Dadvand'sstudysuggestshowsuchstructuralchangescouldbringaboutthebeneficialeffectsofgreenspacesoncognitivedevelopment,italsoaddstotheproofthatsuggeststhelastingeffectsofearlylifeexposuretogreennessonourhealthandthebenefitsofincreasinggreennessincities.Furtherstudiesareneededtoprovethefindingsinotherpopulations,settingsandclimates.Andresearchersneedtoexaminedifferencesaccordingtothenatureandqualityofgreenspace.（1）Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout.A．howthestudywasperformed B．whatwasrecordedinthestudyC．howlongthestudylasted D．whotookpartinthestudy（2）Theword“prompt”inparagraph6probablymeans““.A．control B．encourage C．balance D．change（3）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Workingmemoryinfluenceswhiteandgreymatterinthebrain.B．Dr.Dadvandstressedtheimportanceofchangingtheenvironment.C．StudiesprovedtheinfluenceofgreennessonpopulationsoutsofSpain.D．Livingingreenerneighborhoodsbenefitschildreninbraindevelopment.17．阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。

Weoftenreachapointinourlifewhenweshouldbereadyforchangethatwillhelpusunlockourself-improvementpower.However,there'salwayssomethingstaringatusrightunderournosebutwedon'tseeit.Theonlytimewethinkofunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswheneverythinggetsworst.Whendowerealizethatweneedtochangediets?Whennoneofourshirtsandjeanswouldfitus.Whendowestopeatingcandiesandchocolates?Whenallofourteethhavefallenoff.Whendowerealizethatweneedtostopsmoking?Whenourlungshavegonebad.Weseethewarningsignsandsignalswhenthingsgetroughanddifficult.Theonlytimemostofuseverlearnaboutunlockingourself-improvementpoweriswhenthewholeworldisfallingapart.Wethinkandfeelthiswaybecauseitisnoteasytochange,butchangebecomesmorepainfulwhenweignore(忽视)it，Changewillhappen,likeitorhateit.Atonepointoranother,weareallgoingtofinallyunlockourself-improvementpowernotbecausetheworldsaysso.Butbecausewerealizeit'sforourowngood.Happypeopledon'tjustacceptchange;theyembrace(拥抱)it.Unlockingourself-improvementpowermeansunlockingourselvesoutoftheboxofthoughtthatisjustthewayweare.Itissuchapoorexcuseforpeoplewhofearchange.Janealwaystellseveryonethatshedoesn'thavethecouragetobearoundgroupsofpeople.Sheheardherfamilytellthesamethingsabouthertootherpeople.Overtheyears,thatiswhatJanehasbelieved.Everytimeagreatcrowdcome,shestepsbackandlocksherselfupinaroom.Janenotonlybelievesinherstory,butlivesit!Self-improvementmaynotbeeverybody'sfavoriteword,butifwelookatthingsinadifferentway,wemighthavegreaterchancesofenjoyingthewholeprocessinsteadofcountingthedaysuntilwearefullyimproved.Threesessionsinaweekatthegymwouldresultinahealthierlife.Readingbookseverydaywouldbuildupknowledge.Andonlywhenweareenjoyingthewholeprocessofunlockingourself-improvementpowerwillwerealizethatwe'rebeginningtotakethingslightandbecomehappy.（1）ThewritermentionsthethreequestionsinParagraph2toshowthat.A．welearnourlessonswhenweexperiencepain.B．weareresponsiblefortheproblemswemeet.C．lifefailsuswhenwegetintothewrongway.D．lifeisalongjourneyfullofupsanddowns.（2）WhatisthekeytosolvingJane'sproblem?A．Sheneedstorememberwhyshestarted.B．Shehastoknowhowtogetonwithpeople.C．Shehastorealizesheisnotwhatsheisinherstory.D．Sheneedstounderstandtheimportanceofconfidence.（3）Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.A．theworldtellsushowtoimproveourselves.B．peoplechangewhentheyfinditeasytodothat.C．welcomingchangeinlifeisadrivetobecomebetter.D．enjoyingtheprocessofself-improvementmakeslifesimpler.（4）Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Isitimportanttotakethingslight?B．Isitnecessarytoembracechallenges?C．Toholdontothelastmomentortogiveup?D．Tofreeourselvesoutoftheboxortostayinit?四、任务型阅读18．阅读短文，根据短文内容，回答问题。

Whenitcomestothelettergradeonyourtestorhomework,youmightnoticethatthereisnoletterE.Haveyoueverthoughtaboutwhythatisso?IntheA,B,C,DandFgradingsystem,thefirstfourlettersaretypicallyconsideredpassinggrades.AnFinthissystemsimplystandsfor“fail”.Theword“fail”happenstostartwiththeletterF,whichseemstoleaveouttheletterE.Thefact”．SomeschoolshaveUgradefor“unsatisfactory”,orIgradefor“incomplete”.Evenwithallthissaid,weshouldalsopointoutthatEgradeactuallyhasbeenusedprettycommonlythroughoutthehistoryoflettergradesintheUS.ThefirstcollegeintheUStousealettergradingsystemliketheonesweusetodayisMountHolyokeCollege.In1897,theybegantousethefollowinggradingscale:A:95-100%(excellent)B:85-94%(good)C:76-84%(fair)D:75%(barelypassed)E:below75%(failed)WecanseetheinclusionofEinsteadofF.Gradually,thelettergradingsystembecamemorepopularthroughouttheUS.However,manyschoolsdecidedtodroptheEgradeandgostraighttoF.Thereisnoevidence(证据)toreallysupportthis,butonepossibleexplanationisthatteacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent”.Whydowehavelettergrades?Well,partofthereasonisthattheymadegradingsimplerduringatimeofgreatchangeforschools.Asthe20thcenturybegan,growingcitiesandanincreaseinimmigrationledtolargerschoolclassrooms.Mostteachersatthattimethoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy,fairandclearwaytogradestudents.Today,moreandmorepeoplearguethatlettergradesdon'tfullyreflect(反映)studentlearning.However，asteacherstrytoimprovegradingmethods,manyparentscontinuetofavorthelettergradestheygotaskids,theyarefamiliar(熟悉)andeasyforparentstounderstand.Sowhiletheymightnotbeperfect,thelettergradesprobablyaren'tgoingawayanytimesoon.（1）WhatdoesanFstandforintheA、B、C、DandFgradingsystem?（2）WhenwasthelettergradingsystemfirstusedintheUScollege?（3）WhatisonepossibleexplanationfordroppingtheEgrade?（4）Whatdidmostteachersthinkofthelettergradingsysteminthe20thcentury?（5）Whydomanyparentsstillpreferthelettergradestoday?五、书面表达。从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据中文和英文提示，完成一篇不少于50词的文段写作，文中已给出内容不计入总数．所给提示词语仅供选用，请不要写出你的校名和姓名。19．题目一：

假如你是李华，你们学校要举办一场关于京剧的讲座，你打算邀请你们班交换生Peter参加，请用英语写一封电子邮件，告诉他讲座时间和地点以及需要做什么准备。提示词语：lecture（讲座）,invite,information,question,online提示问题：Whenandwherewillyouhavethelecture?Dearpeter,Howisitgoing?There'llbealectureonPekingOperainourschool.IfthereisanythingthatIcando,pleaseletmeknow.Yours,LiHuaWhatdoyouadvisePetertoprepareforit?20．题目二：

“静以修身，俭以养德”，勤俭节约是中华民族的传统美德，无论生活富足与否，我们都应该提倡节俭，拒绝浪费。某英文网站在开展以“节约是美德”为主题的征文活动，假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿．谈谈生活中你是怎么做的，以这样做的意义。提示词语：thrifty(节约的).save.turnoff.money.virtue（美德）提示问题：·Whatdoyoudoinyourdailylife？It'soneofourtraditionalvirtuestobethrifty.Whydoyoudoso？

答案解析部分1．【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：我哥哥和我喜欢足球。我们一起每周玩一次。A.I我，B.They他们，C.We我们,D.You你们·。人称代词指代的是我和我哥哥，故应为We我们，故选C。

【点评】考查人称代词辨析，注意理解句意，根据句意选择合适的代词。2．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：生日快乐，彼得！这是给你的礼物。A给……;为……，B在……里，C和……;用……;随着……，D从……，来自……。送给某人的礼物，用介词for，故选A。

【点评】本题考查介词辨析，注意理解句意。3．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：——玛丽你通常如何去上学？——骑车。根据答句中Bybike可知问句是在问交通方式，应使用how，故选B。

【点评】本题考查特殊疑问词辨析。4．【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：许多人喜欢熊猫因为他们很可爱。根据likepanda和theyarecute，可知喜欢熊猫，是因为熊猫可爱，两者是因果关系，用表示原因的because，故选D。

【点评】本题考查连词辨析，注意理解句意，理清两个句子之间的关系。5．【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：我现在必须走了，否则就赶不上火车了。A.can能够、B.might可能、C.must必须、D.could能够，根据I'llmissmytrain.可知必须要走，否则会赶不上火车，故选C.

【点评】本题考查情态动词辨析，注意理解句意和情态动词的词义，根据语境选择合适的动词。6．【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：Tom是三个孩子中最小的，但是他是最高的。根据题干中的ofthethreeboys，三者或三者以上应使用最高级，形容词最高级应使用the，故选D。

【点评】本题考查形容词最高级，注意最高级的用法。7．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：比尔喜欢阅读。他每天晚上和爸爸一起读图画书。根据句中的时间状语everyevening可知表示经常性的、习惯性的动作，应选择一般现在时态。再根据主语He可知动词应该用第三人称単数，故选B。【点评】本题考查时态中的一般现在时态。8．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：——Paul，昨天晚上九点钟你在做什么？——我正在和朋友们一起在电影院看电影。根据句中的时间状语atninelastnight昨晚九点，可知是过去的时间。表示在过去某个时刻做的事情使用过去进行时态，was/were+现在分词，故选A。

【点评】考查过去进行时态，注意过去进行时的用法和结构。9．【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：戴维是一个网球运动员，当他六岁的时候他开始打网球。根据句中的时间状语从句whenhewassixyearsold可知，该动作是在过去做的，应选择一般过去时态，动词用过去式，故选C。

【点评】考查一般过去时态。10．【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：——露西，你叔叔是老师吗？——是的，他是。他教历史将近20年了。根据句中的时间状语fornearly20years，可知，表示持续一段时间的动作，用现在完成时，have/has+过去分词。主语是he，用has，故选B.

【点评】考查现在完成时，注意其常与for+一段时间连用。11．【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：在城市，一个新国际机场将在明年完工。根据时间nextyear可知应为一般将来时态，will+动词原形，主语是Anewinternationalairport“一座新的国际机场”，谓语动词为complete译为“完成”。”机场”是被完成，应使用被动语态，一般将来时的被动语态结构是willbedone，故选D。

【点评】本题考查一般将来时的被动语态，注意被动语态的用法。12．【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：——爱丽丝，你能告诉我史密斯先生什么时候离开伦敦的吗？——当然，上个周日。tellsb+从句，告诉某人某事，此处从句做宾语，使用陈述语序。根据句中的lastSunday可知，句子为一般过去时态，故选A。

【点评】本题考查宾语从句的陈述句序和时态。13．【答案】（1）A；（2）C；（3）B；（4）D；（5）C；（6）A；（7）D；（8）B【解析】【分析】文章大意：在一家公司里30名年轻的工程师是个团队，他们渴望学习。管理希望教给他们解决问题的正真办法，有一天就组织他们进行了一场游戏，通过游戏使他们明白相互帮助、分享才是解决问题的正真方法。

（1）句意：一天，这个团队被叫来在一个大厅做游戏。本题考查名词。根据后文第四段第一句Thosewhofailedtomarktheirnamesontheballoonswereoutofthegame.。最后一词game。根据文章语境判断，可知是完成游戏，故选A。

（2）句意：他们十分吃惊，各自怀揣着不同的目的。A.purposes目的；B.suggestions建议；Cthoughts想法；Dplans计划。结合前面“surprised”一词得知他们并不清楚接下来做什么，可知应为各有各的想法，故选C。

（3）然后他们各自被要求把自己的名字小心地写在各自的气球上，以便于气球不会破。掉本题考查副词。A.quietly安静地；B.carefully小心地；C.secretly秘密地；D.clearly清晰地。结合文章语境判断，只有小心地写才不会让气球破掉，故选B。

（4）句意：每个人都尝试过了，但是不是每个人都_成功。本题考查形容词。A.honest诚实的；B.ready准备好的；C.patient耐心的；D.successful成功的。根据文章语境“but",每个人都尝试过了，但是不是每个人都成功了，并且紧接着下一段开头写“thosewhotailed”，译为“那些失败的人”，也能和本题呼应，故选D。

（5）句意：那些没有吧他们名字成功写在气球上的人被罚出游戏。本题考查动词。本句译为空后有out，因此本题考查动词+介词的固定搭配，A.checkedout查明，结账；B.helpedout帮助某人走出；C.ruledout把排除在外；D.cleanedout清除。根据文章语境判断，可知应为按照规则排除，故选C。

（6）句意：所有带着名字的气球被收集起来，然后放在一个房间里。本题考查动词。A.collected收集；B.weighed称重；C.tied系，拴；D.cleaned打扫。根据文章语境判断，气球应当被收集起来，故选A。

（7）句意：快15分钟了，但是没有人能够找到正确的那个（气球）。本题考查动词。A.mark标记；B.hide躲藏；C.number数出、计算；D.find找到。前文Allthe25engineersbegantosearchfortherespectiveballoonsinarush中的searchfor寻找，可知应为找到，故选D。

（8）句意：几分钟之内，所有的气球都到了各自的工程师手中。本题考查动词。A.freed解放；B.reached到达；C.lifted提升；D.hit击打。根据前二句heengineerswereaskedtopickanyballoonandgiveittopersonnamedontheballoon工程师们被要求去捡起气并把它给到交到气球上写的名字一致的人手上。可知应为到了，故选B。

【点评】考查完形填空，首先通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺单词的含义，最后对选项进行区别，选出正确的那一项。14．【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】文章大意：这是四个学生的聊天信息，主要讲述了上周他们主要做了些什么。

（1）本题考查细节题。根据题目中的关键信息“WhendidRogerhavehisbirthdayparty"，定位至文章第一段Roger以及本段第一行“Itwasmy15thbirthdaylastSaturday.”，故答案选D。

（2）本题考查细节题。定位到第二段第一行，“Myclasswereonaschoolfieldtriplastweek.”可知Jessica上周有学校旅行，故答案选B。

（3）本题考查细节题。根据题目中的关键信息“MartinwenttoAtlanta”，可定位到文章第四段Martin以及本段第二行“MyschoolbandwenttoAtlantatoperforminacompetition.”，故答案选C。

【点评】本题为记叙性的阅读理解题，细节理解题需要在文中找出对应语句加以分析。15．【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D【解析】【分析】文章大意：我在上中学的时候在市场帮助爸爸卖水果的期间，遇到母子三人，妈妈是一位盲人，她的儿子和女儿帮助她挑选水果。他们脸上带着微笑，这时我意识到大多数这个年龄的孩子只知道吃零食玩玩具，不会帮助父母，而这对兄妹却耐心地帮助他们的妈妈。

（1）本题考查细节题。根据题目中的关键信息1Thewomanandherkidscametothemarkettobuy定位至文章第一段第四句“Theywerelookingatthefruitsinfrontofme.”以及句“Thekidsweresmilingwhile故答案选A。

（2）本题考查细节题。根据题目中的关键信息“Accordingtowhathesaw”定位至文章第二段最后一句“PuttingwhatIsaw13together,Iwassureshewasblind.”可知作者认为这位母亲是盲人,所以作者很确定她看不见，故答案选B。

（3）本题考查细节题。根据题目中的关键信息“Thewriterwasmoved”可定位到文章倒数第二段前两句“Theirsmileandgentlemannermovedmeinawaythatneverhappenedbefore.Itwassobeautifultoseesuchyoungkidssowillinglyhelp.”所以令作者感动的是这两个孩子非常愿意帮助他们的母亲，故答案选D。

【点评】本题为记叙性的阅读理解，细节理解题要以一定的词汇量为前提，在阅读文章的基础上，找出对应的句子做出正确的答案。16．【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D【解析】【分析】文章大意：一些小学生在家里长大，周围有更多的绿地。他们可能会在大脑的某些区域产生大量的白色和灰色物质。这些差异与认知功能的有益影响相关（STOP）。这是巴塞罗那全球健康研究所领导的一项研究的主要结论。

（1）本题考查段落主旨题。根据题干内容定位到文章第二段，文中依次使用“perform”，“record”，“study",“use”，“grade”等动词，说明文章都是在解释这项研究是如何开展的，故答案选A。

（2）本题考查猜词题。猜词题需结合待猜词的前后文信息做出推断。结合待猜词所在句的后面一句话“Theseexercisesinturnpositivelyinfluencebraindevelopment.”中相关信息：这些练习“反过来（inturn)”会对大脑发育产生”积极影响（positivelyinfluence)”，可推知“绿色空间”对这些重要活动带来的应该也是“积极、正面”的影响。据此，再结合ABCD四个选项的正负态度，可知应为正态度，故答案选B。

（3）本题考查推断题。此文开门见山提出“处于绿化环境对孩子的认知功能会有积极的影响”，并分别从文章第三段、第四段、第五段、第六段以及第七段论证该观点。选项D“居住在绿化更好的社区有助于孩子们大脑的发育”符合大意，故正确答案为D。

【点评】本题为说明性的阅读理解题，词义猜测题在理解全文的基础上快速找出对应的句子进行分析，做出正确答案，推理判断题需要对句子加以理解，从常理等方面去加以推测。17．【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】文章大意：我们应该为可以帮助我们自我提升的改变做好准备。

（1）本题考查推断题。根据题目中的关键信息“thethreequestionsinparagraph2”，定位至文章第二段。作者通过提出的三个问题，在本段最后一句得出结论："Weseethewarningsignsandsignalswhenthingsgetroughanddifficult."译为当事情变得糟糕和困难时，我们看到警告标志和信号。本句与选项A“当我们经历苦难的时候，我们可以得到教训”相符合，故答案选A。

（2）本题考查推断题。根据题目中的关键信息“Jane'sproblem”定位到文章第六段,通过本段可知Jane的问题是她没有勇气在生活中面对人群，并且生活在自己的故事里。所以解决Jane问题的关键是她要意识到她并不是故事里的样子，与选项C相符，故答案选C。

（3）本题考查推断题。选项A译为“世界告诉我们如何提升自己”与原文作者观点不相符；选项B译为“当人们发现事情很容易糕时，人们会改变”，与原文“当事情变得最糟糕时，不相符；选项C译为“迎接生活中的改变是变得更好的驱动'与原文主旨“当人们主动改变，会让自己得到提升”相符合；选项D享受自我提升的过程使生活变得更加简单”与原文最后一句提升使事情变得容易，使我们更开心”不相符，故答案选C。

（4）本题考查主旨题。文章通过第一段的现象描述和第二段的提问，引出主旨“我们应该为可以帮助我们自我提升的改变做好准备”；文章第三、四、五和六段谈论了乐观的人拥抱改变而另一些人们由于害怕改变而逃避改变；文章第七段重申全文观点，故答案选D。

【点评】对于推断题和主旨大意题，不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。18．【答案】（1）Itstandsfor“fail”.（2）In1897.（3）TeacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent".（4）thoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy,fairandclearwaytogradestudents.（5）Becausethelettergradesarefamiliarandeasyforparentstounderstand.【解析】【分析】文章大意：介绍了学校对学生的评价体系是A、B、C、D、F，并解释了为什么这样选择。

（1）本题考查细节题。定位关键词“F”和“standsfor",到文章第二段第二句AnFinthissystemsimplystandsfor“fail”.故正确答案为Itstandsfor“fail”.

（2）本题考查细节题。根据第四段二句In1897,theybegantousethefollowinggradingscale:，故正确答案为In1897.

（3）本题考查细节题。定位关键词“droppingtheEgrade”和“onepossibleexplanation”，到文章第六段第二句和第三句However,manyschoolsdecidedtodroptheEgradeandgostraighttoF.Thereisnoevidence(证据)toreallysupportthis,butonepossibleexplanationisthatteacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent”.正确答案为TeacherswereworriedthatsomestudentsandparentsmightmistakeEfor“excellent".

（4）本题考查细节理解。20thcentury到倒数第二段Asthe20thcenturybegan,growingcitiesandanincreaseinimmigrationledtolargerschoolclassrooms.Mostteachersatthattimethoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy,fairandclearwaytogradestudents.，故正确答案为thoughtthisnewlettergradingsystemwasaneasy,fairandclearwaytogradestudents.

（5）.本题考查细节题。定位关键词thelettergradestoday和manyparents定位到最后一段第三句manyparentscontinuetofavorthelettergradestheygotaskids,theyarefamiliar(熟悉)andeasyforparentstounderstand.故正确答案为Becausethelettergradesarefamiliarandeasyforparentstounderstand。

【点评】阅读回答问题，一般问题设置较为简单，多数针对文中的细节理解，答案都能在原文中找出。回答时，应注意不同的问句的回答方式，如一般疑问句回答的时候应使用yes/no；其他问句的回答应根据文中的句子做出简单详细的回答。19．【答案】DearPeter,

Howisitgoing?There'llbealectureonPekingoperainourschool.ThePekingoperawillstartat10:00thisFridaymorningintheschoolhall.Iamwritingtoinviteyoutotakepartinthemeaningfullecture.Inthelecture,wecannotonlygetsomeusefulinformationaboutthePekingopera,butalsogetclosetothetraditionalChineseculture,whichcanbenefitusalot.Therearesomesuggestionsforyoutoprepareforit.Firstofall,remembertobethereontime,what'smore,don'tforgettobringacamerawithyou,whichcanrecordthepreciousmoment,lastbutnotle