江苏省南京市南师附中2024-2025学年高一英语10月月考试题含解析

PAGE27-江苏省南京市南师附中2024-2025学年高一英语10月月考试题（含解析）第Ⅰ卷选择题（共59分）一、单项选择（共21小题；每小题1分，满分21分）1.Manyyears’______ofteachingforeignlanguageshasmadehimavery______teacherA.experience,experienced B.experiences,experiencingC.experiences,experienced D.experience,experiencing【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词和形容词。句意：多年的外语教学阅历使他成为一位阅历丰富的老师。experience表示“阅历”是不行数名词；experienced“有阅历的”，是形容词，修饰名词。故选A。2.______arrivingattheairport,weweregivenawarmwelcomebyourfriends.A.With B.At C.Upon D.Until【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查介词。句意：一到机场，我们就受到了挚友们的热情欢迎。固定搭配：on/upon+名词或动名词，“一就”。故选C项。3.Robertisindeedawiseman.Ohyes.HowoftenIhave______nottakinghisadvice!A.defended B.tolerated C.missed D.regretted【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查动词。句意：——罗伯特的确是个聪慧人。——哦，是的。我常常懊悔没有接受他的建议。A.defended辩护，防卫；B.tolerated容忍；C.missed错过，惦念；D.regretted缺憾，懊悔。固定搭配：regretdoingsth.懊悔曾做过某事。故选D。4.He______cards,butnowheisusedto______awalkaftersupper.A.usedtoplay;take B.wasusedtoplay;takingC.usedtoplay;taking D.wasusedtoplaying;take【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：他过去常常打牌，但现在他习惯于晚饭后漫步。固定搭配：usedtodosth.表示过去常常习惯做某事；beusedtosth./doingsth.表示习惯某事或做某事。故选C项。5.Afewweekslater,thefirstbuildings______hadbeendamagedwererepaired.A.which B.that C.where D.inwhich【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：几周后，第一批受损的建筑物被修复。此处buildings是先行词，指物，在后面的定语从句中作主语，且序数词修饰先行词，用that引导定语从句，故选B项。6.Idon’tliketheway______youspeaktoyourmotherbutIliketheway______youthinkoftosolvetheproblem.A.which,which B.inwhich,inwhichC.不填,that D.不填,inwhich【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我不喜爱你对你母亲说话的方式，但我喜爱你解决问题的方式。此处第一个空中theway是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作方式状语，用that/inwhich或省略引导词；其次空theway是先行词，在后面的定语从句中作宾语，用that/which或省略。故选C项。7.Thisisthebuilding_______thewindowshavebeenpaintedgreen.A.whose B.that C.which D.ofwhich【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是窗户被漆成绿色的那幢大楼。此处building作先行词，指物，介词后面，指物用which引导定语从句，该句中of是介词，故选D项。8.Salesdirectorisaposition_______communicationabilityisjustasimportantassaleskills.A.which B.thatC.when D.where【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查定语从句。句意：销售经理是一个沟通实力和销售技巧同样重要的职位。本题定语从句的先行词是aposition，后面的定语从句communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesskills句子结构很完整，故运用关系副词来引导。先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故D正确。9.Mybossalways______me,whichwaswhyIdecidedtoleavethecompany.A.showedrespectfor B.foundfaultwithC.approvedof D.relatedto【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词短语。句意：我的老板总是对我吹毛求疵，这就是我为什么确定离开公司的缘由。A.showedrespectfor对敬重；B.foundfaultwith挑剔，找岔子；C.approvedof批准；D.relatedto与有关。此处指老板总是“找岔子，找事”。故选B项。10.Notknowingwhatto______thenewbornbaby,theyoungladycalledhermotherforhelp.A.attendto B.dowith C.dealwith D.providefor【答案】B【解析】【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：那位年轻的女士不知道该如何对待新生的婴儿，便打电话向她的母亲求助。A.attendto照看；B.dowith处理；C.dealwith处理，涉及；D.providefor供应，奉养。动词短语dowith和what连用，表示“如何处理……”；动词短语dealwith和how连用，表示“如何处理……”。此处是whatto，故选B项。11.______youhavebeensittinginfrontofthecomputerfortwohoursyou’dbettertakeabreak.A.Evenif B.Though C.Nowthat D.Unless【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查状语从句。句意：既然你已经在电脑前坐了两个小时了，你最好休息一下。A.Evenif即使；B.Though尽管；C.Nowthat既然；D.Unless除非。此处是nowthat引导的缘由状语从句，故选C项。12.Youarenot______totakethenewspapersandmagazinesoutofthereadingroom.A.hoped B.invited C.supposed D.wished【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：你不应当把报纸和杂志带出阅览室。固定搭配：besupposedtodosth.“应当做……”。故选C项。13.—DidPeterfixthecomputerhimself?—He_______,becausehedoesn’tknowmuchaboutcomputers.A.hasitfixed B.hadfixeditC.haditfixed D.fixedit【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查固定短语。句意：——Peter自己修的电脑吗？——他让别人修的，因为他不太懂电脑。havesb.done是过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“使(让，请)别人做某事”。依据所供应的情景becausehedoesn’tknowmuchaboutcomputers可推断出他找别人修理了电脑。故选C。14.Somepicturesoftheriverbroughtthedaysbacktotheoldpeople______theyswaminit.A.who B.where C.when D.that【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查分隔定语从句。句意：一些关于这条河的照片使老人们回想起了过去他们在河里游泳的日子。此处days是先行词，指时间，在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，先行词和引导词没有连在一起，属于分隔定语从句。故选C项。15.“Igeteverythingallbeautifullyplannedoutandithastogoandrain,”Wilbur______.A.sighed B.frightened C.upset D.struggled【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我把一切都支配得很好，天要下雨，”威尔伯叹了口气。A.sighed叹气；B.frightened使胆怯 ；C.upset使心烦；D.struggled奋斗，努力。因为天要下雨，所以“叹气”。故选A项。16.Fernsatandstaredoutofthewindow,thinkinghowluckyshewastohaveentire______ofapig.A.charge B.command C.control D.devotion【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：弗恩坐在那儿，望着窗外，想着自己能完全拥有一头小猪，该是多么幸运啊。A.charge掌管；B.command吩咐；C.control限制；D.devotion忠诚，奉献。此处指自己“拥有”一头小猪。故选A项。17.Accordingtotheartist,thepainting______togoforatleastamilliondollars.A.expected B.isexpecting C.expects D.isexpected【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查一般现在时态的被动语态。句意：据这位艺术家说，这幅画预料至少能卖到100万美元。此处thepainting和expect之间是一种被动关系，且指的是一种事实，句子用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语painting是单数第三人称形式，故选D项。18.Gladtoseeyouhere,Tom.Whatasurprise!I______you______back.A.don’tthink;are B.haven’tthought;areC.didn’tthink;were D.hadn’tknown;were【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句和时态。句意：——汤姆，很兴奋在这里见到你。——真惊喜!我以为你没回来。此处是Ithink引导的宾语从句，think指的是过去的动作，所以句子用一般过去时态，故选C项。19.Ifyouturnoffthelights,thescreenofthecomputer______bemoreclear.A.must B.hasto C.isto D.can【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查情态动词。句意：假如你把灯关掉，电脑的屏幕可能会更清晰。A.must必需；B.hasto不得不；C.isto将要；D.can可能。此处表示一种客观事实的推想，“可能”，故选D项。20.Outof______forthewishesofherfamily,theaffairwasnotreportedinthemedia.A.composition B.satisfaction C.kindness D.respect【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：出于对她家人愿望的敬重，这件事没有被媒体报道。A.composition作文；B.satisfaction满足；C.kindness和善；D.respect敬重。固定搭配：outofrespect“出于敬重”。故选D项。21.Dear,Wendyistoofulltoeatyourfood.______.Shesimplyhatesmycooking.A.I’llgiveyouthat B.Idon’tgetitC.Don’tgivemethat D.You’vegotmethere【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查情景交际及习惯表达。句意：——敬爱的，温迪太饱了，吃不下你的东西。——别跟我胡扯。她就是厌烦我做的饭。A.I’llgiveyouthat我承认你说的对；B.Idon’tgetit我不明白；C.Don’tgivemethat少来这套，别跟我胡扯；D.You’vegotmethere你说对了。依据Shesimplyhatesmycooking可知，温迪不是真的吃饱了，而是“不愿吃我做的饭”。故选C项。二、完型填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）“Abirdwithabrokenwingwillneverflyashigh.”I’msurethatJohnwouldagreewiththissaying,___22___hefeltthiswayalmosteverydayinschool.Byhighschool,Johnwasthemostfamous___23___inhistown.Hewasalwaysabsent,didn’tanswerquestionsandgotinto___24___.Hehadfailedalmosteveryexambythetimeheenteredhissenioryear,yetwas___25___eachyeartoahighergradelevel.Teachersdidn’twantto___26___himagainthefollowingyear.Johnwasmovingon,butdefinitelynotmoving___27___.ImetJohnforthefirsttimeataweekendleadershiptrainingprogramsinceJohnwasoneof405studentswho___28___.Atthestartofthetraining,Johnwasjuststanding___29___thecircleofstudents,againstthebackwall.Hedidn’t___30___jointhediscussiongroups.Butslowly,theinteractivegames___31___himin.Theicereallymeltedwhenthegroupsstartedbuildingalistof___32___andnegativethingsthathadoccurredatschoolthatyear.John___33___someconstructiveideasonthosesituations.TheotherstudentsinJohn’sgroup___34___hiscomments.AllofasuddenJohnfeltlikea___35___ofthegroup,andbeforelonghewas___36___likealeader.Bytheendofthetraining,hehadjoinedtheHomelessProjectteam.Theotherstudentsontheteamwere___37___withhispassionateconcernandideas.They___38___electedJohnco-chairmanoftheteam.Johnstarted___39___atschooleverydayandansweredquestionsfromteachersforthefirsttime.Heledasecondproject,___40___300blanketsand1,000pairsofshoesforthehomelessshelterfromhousetohouse.Abirdwithabrokenwingonlyneeds___41___.Oncehealed,itcanflyhigherthantherest.22.A.if B.until C.as D.though23.A.storyteller B.troublemaker C.dream-seeker D.peace-lover24.A.fights B.debt C.difficulties D.work25.A.drivenaway B.leftout C.keptin D.passedon26.A.love B.pet C.have D.chase27.A.in B.up C.away D.back28.A.signedup B.ranaway C.felldown D.wentby29.A.around B.onto C.among D.outside30.A.hurriedly B.easily C.readily D.warmly31.A.drew B.led C.sent D.put32.A.useless B.meaningful C.strange D.positive33.A.changed B.expressed C.reserved D.noticed34.A.refused B.ignored C.welcomed D.gathered35.A.founder B.heart C.leader D.part36.A.dressed B.treated C.born D.shaped37.A.impressed B.patient C.disappointed D.familiar38.A.still B.again C.hardly D.even39.A.showingup B.droppingout C.goingdown D.walkingaround40.A.buying B.collecting C.donating D.making41.A.raising B.feeding C.mending D.replacing【答案】22.C23.B24.A25.D26.C27.B28.A29.D30.C31.A32.D33.B34.C35.D36.B37.A38.D39.A40.B41.C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。约翰是镇上最闻名的麻烦制造者，上学常常缺席，不回答问题，爱打架。在一次周末的领导培训项目中，他融进了团队，不久他被当作一个领导者对待。文章告知我们：一只折断了翅膀的鸟只须要修补。一旦愈合，它就会飞得比其他的都高。【22题详解】考查连词辨析。句意：断了翅膀的鸟恒久不会飞得那么高。我信任约翰会同意这句话，因为他在学校里几乎每天都有这种感觉。A.if假如；B.until直到为止；C.as由于；D.though尽管。依据前半句I’msurethatJohnwouldagreewiththissaying我信任约翰会同意这句话。可知后面应当是表示缘由，“因为他几乎每天都在学校里这样想。”故用as引导状语从句。故答案为C。【23题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：在学校，约翰是镇上最闻名的麻烦制造者。A.storyteller说故事的人；B.troublemaker惹麻烦的人，闹事者；C.dream-seeker追梦人；D.peace-lover爱和平的人。依据下文Hewasalwaysabsent,didn’tanswerquestionsandHehadfailedalmosteveryexambythetimeheenteredhissenioryear,可知，约翰总是惹麻烦。故答案为B。【24题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：他总是上课缺席，不回答问题，还打架。A.fights打架；B.debt债务；C.difficulties困难；D.work工作。依据上文约翰总是惹麻烦可知此处是打架，其他选项不合文意。getinto，陷入，故答案为A。【25题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：在他进入高三的时候，几乎每次考试都不及格，然而，他每年都被送到一个更高的年级。A.drivenaway（把车）开走；B.leftout忽视，不考虑；C.keptin保存于；D.passedon通过，传递。前面提到failed，yet在这里表示转折，所以应当是“被送到一个更高的年级”，故答案为D。【26题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：老师不想下一年再要他了。A.love爱；B.pet宠爱；C.have让，有；D.accompany陪伴。依据下文Johnwasmovingon,butdefinitelynotmoving___6___.约翰在接着前进，但确定没有上升。可知，老师不想要他了答案为C。【27题详解】考查固定词组辨析。句意：约翰在接着前进，但确定没有上升。moveup提升，故答案为B。【28题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：我第一次见到约翰是在一个周末的领导培训项目中，因为约翰是405名报名参与的学生之一。A.signedup报名，登记；B.ranaway逃跑，跑开；C.felldown倒下；D.wentby时间逝去。此处指报名参与培训项目，故答案为A。29题详解】考查介词辨析。句意：约翰只是站在一圈学生的外面，背靠着墙。A.around在四周；B.onto在之上；C.among在当中；D.outside在外面。依据空格后的thecircleofstudents,againstthebackwall.可知，他站在一圈学生的外面。故答案为D。【30题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：他不情愿加入探讨组。A.hurriedly匆忙地；B.easily简单地；C.readily乐意地；D.warmly热忱地。依据上文Johnwasjuststanding___8___thecircleofstudents,againstthebackwall.可知，他不情愿和学生们在一起探讨。故答案为C。【31题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：渐渐地互动嬉戏把他吸引了进来。A.drew牵引，吸引；B.led领导，指向；C.sent寄派；D.put放。依据下文的But，可知，互动嬉戏把他吸引了进来。drawin引诱，吸引。故答案为A。【32题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：当这些团体起先列出当年在学校发生的主动和消极的事情时，冰真的溶化了。A.useless无用的；B.meaningful有意义的；C.strange惊奇的；D.positive主动的，确定的。与negativethings对应，可知答案为D。【33题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：约翰对这些状况表达了一些建设性的想法。A.changed变更；B.expressed表达；C.reserved保留；D.noticed留意到。依据someconstructiveideas，可知须要表达。故答案为B。【34题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：约翰小组的其他学生对他的评论表示欢迎。A.refused拒绝；B.ignored忽视；C.welcomed欢迎，乐于接受；D.gathered聚集。依据下文

likealeader可知组员们对他的看法，故答案为C。【35题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：突然，约翰觉得自己像小组里的一部分了。A.founder创始人；B.heart心脏；C.leader领导者；D.part部分，角色。依据上文TheotherstudentsinJohn’sgroup___13___hiscomments.可知，约翰觉得自己是他组里的一个成员了。故答案为D。【36题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：不久他被当作一个领导者对待。A.dressed装饰，给穿衣；B.treated对待，治疗；C.born出世；D.shaped成形。组员们把他当领导，答案为B。【37题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：团队中的其他学生对他的热忱的关切和想法印象深刻。A.impressed印象深刻的；B.patient耐性的；C.disappointed悲观的；D.familiar熟识的。beimpressedwith对印象深刻，故答案为A。【38题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：他们甚至还选举了约翰为联合主席。A.still仍旧；B.again又，再；C.hardly几乎不；D.even甚至。表示递进，故答案为D。【39题详解】考查动词词组辨析。句意：他每天起先在学校出现，并回答老师的问题。A.showingup露面，出现；B.droppingout退出，退学；C.goingdown削减，下降；D.walkingaround四处走动。与其次段Hewasalwaysabsent,didn’tanswerquestions对比可知，他每天在学校出现，并回答老师的问题。故答案为A。【40题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：他领导了其次个项目，为无家可归者挨家挨户筹集了300条毯子和1000双鞋子。A.buying买；B.collecting收集；C.donating捐赠；D.making制造。依据300blanketsand1,000pairsofshoesforthehomelessshelter.可知此处应当是“收集”，答案为B。【41题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：一只折断了翅膀的鸟只须要修补。一旦愈合，它就会飞得比其他的都高。A.raising升起；B.feeding喂养；C.mending修补；D.replacing替代。指折断了翅膀的鸟只须要修补。故答案为C。三、阅读理解（共12小题；每小题1.5分，满分18分）AOneday,onasmallfarminMaine,amansatinabarnwatchingalargegreyspiderspinaweb.ThemanwasE.B.White—orAndy,ashewascalled—whothoughtspiderswerewonderfulcreatures.Hethoughtthatonedayhemightliketowriteachildren’sbookaboutaspider.ButwritingwashardworkforAndy.Hehadwrittenmanyarticlesandessaysandpoems.Hehadalsowrittenonechildren’sbook,StuartLittle.ButAndycouldneverjustrushtoturnanideaintoanarticleorabook.Hetoldhiseditor(编辑)thatheneededtolethisideasripen.Soforyears,Andycontinuedtothinkaboutwritingachildren’sbookaboutaspider.Hedidsomeofhisbestthinkingwhilehewanderedaroundhisfarm.Oncewhilehewascleaninghisbarn,hefoundaspider’seggsac(卵囊).Andywantedtoseetheeggshatch.ButhewasscheduledtoleaveforatriptoNewYorkCity.Sohefoundasmallboxandcarefullyplacedtheeggsacinside.Whenhegottohishotel,heputtheboxonthedresser.Onemorninghewokeup,andtherewerehundredsofbabyspidersrushingacrossthedresser!Yearslater,AndyfinallybeganwritingCharlotte’sWeb,thestoryofaspidernamedCharlotteandapignamedWilbur.Andycreatedmostofthebooksittingbyhimselfinthetinyboathouseofhisfarm.Sometimeshestoppedwritingandaimlesslydrewpicturesofspiders.AndyalwayssaidCharlotte’sWebwasmorethanjustachildren’sstoryaboutanimals.Itwasatimelessstoryabouttruefriendship.42.Whatisthemainideaofthistext?A.E.B.Whitelovedspiders.B.E.B.Whitelikedtoliveonafarm.C.WhyE.B.WhitewascalledAndy.D.HowE.B.WhitewroteCharlotte’sWeb.43.WhatdidAndymeanbysaying“tolethisideasripen”?A.Hewantedthemtoworkquickly.B.Hewantedtodiscussthemwithothers.C.Hewantedthemtoslowlygrowandimprove.D.Hewantedtosavethemforfutureuse.44.WhydidAndybringthespider’seggstoNewYorkCity?A.Hewantedtoknowmoreaboutspiders.B.Hedidn’twantspiderstoliveonhisfarm.C.Hewantedtokilltimeduringthetrip.D.Hedidn’tliketotravelalone.45.WhathadhappenedbeforeAndyputhisideaintopracticeaccordingtothetext?A.Children’sbookshadsoldwell.B.Andyhadmadefullpreparations.C.Andyhadnevertriedwritingchildren’sbooks.D.TheeditorhadgivenAndysomeadvice.【答案】42.D43.C44.A45.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲解并描述了E.B.White是如何写《夏洛特的网》的。【42题详解】主旨大意题。依据最终两段中Yearslater,AndyfinallybeganwritingCharlotte’sWeb,thestoryofaspidernamedCharlotteandapignamedWilbur.Sometimeshestoppedwritingandaimlesslydrewpicturesofspiders.AndyalwayssaidCharlotte’sWebwasmorethanjustachildren’sstoryaboutanimals.（安迪起先写作《夏洛特的网》，有时他停止写作，漫无目的地画蜘蛛。安迪总是说《夏洛特的网》不仅仅是一个关于动物的儿童故事。）以及全文内容可知，这篇文章讲解并描述的是E.B.White是如何写《夏洛特的网》的。故选D项。【43题详解】推理推断题。依据其次段中Andycouldneverjustrushtoturnanideaintoanarticleorabook.（安迪从不急于把一个想法变成一篇文章或一本书。）和第三段中Soforyears,Andycontinuedtothinkaboutwritingachildren’sbookaboutaspider.Hedidsomeofhisbestthinkingwhilehewanderedaroundhisfarm.（所以多年来，安迪始终想写一本关于蜘蛛的儿童读物。他在农场里转悠的时候，脑子里想的最多的就是这些。）由此可知，安迪说“让他的想法成熟”的意思是“他希望他的想法渐渐成长和提高。”故选C。【44题详解】细微环节理解题。依据第四段中Andywantedtoseetheeggshatch.ButhewasscheduledtoleaveforatriptoNewYorkCity.Sohefoundasmallboxandcarefullyplacedtheeggsacinside.（安迪想看蛋孵化。但他支配去纽约旅行。于是他找了一个小盒子，当心翼翼地把卵囊放了进去。）可知，安迪要把蜘蛛蛋带到纽约来，是因为他想更多地了解蜘蛛。故选A项。【45题详解】推理推断题。依据其次段中Hehadwrittenmanyarticlesandessaysandpoems.Hehadalsowrittenonechildren’sbook,StuartLittle.ButAndycouldneverjustrushtoturnanideaintoanarticleorabook.Hetoldhiseditor(编辑)thatheneededtolethisideasripen.（他写过很多文章、散文和诗歌。他还写过一本儿童读物《斯图亚特·利特尔》。但安迪从来不会急于把一个想法变成一篇文章或一本书。他告知编辑，他须要让自己的想法成熟起来。）可知，安迪把他的想法付诸实践之前他做了充分的打算。故选B项。【点睛】抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心要留意不是全部的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就须要自己依据文章的细微环节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。本题第1小题，依据最终一段中Yearslater,AndyfinallybeganwritingCharlotte’sWeb,thestoryofaspidernamedCharlotteandapignamedWilbur.Sometimeshestoppedwritingandaimlesslydrewpicturesofspiders.AndyalwayssaidCharlotte’sWebwasmorethanjustachildren’sstoryaboutanimals.“安迪起先写作《夏洛特的网》，有时他停止写作，漫无目的地画蜘蛛。安迪总是说《夏洛特的网》不仅仅是一个关于动物的儿童故事。”可知，这篇文章讲解并描述的是E.B.White是如何写《夏洛特的网》的。故选D项。BIntheongoingbattlebetweenTigerMoms,FrenchMamas,andeveryoneelsewhowantstoknowwhatisthebestwaytoraisetheirkids,anewstudyaddsevidencethattheextremeTiger-stylemaydomoreharmthangood.Authoritarianparentsaremorelikelytoendupwithdisrespectfulchildrenwithviolentbehaviors,thestudyfound,comparedtoparentswholistentotheirkidswiththegoalofgainingtrust.Itwasthefirststudytolookathowparentingstylesaffectthewayteensviewtheirparentsand,inturn,howtheybehave.Thestudyconsideredthreegeneralstylesofparenting.Authoritativeparentsaredemandingandcontrollingwhilealsobeingwarmandsensitivetotheirchildren’sneeds.Authoritarianparents,onthecontrary,aredemandingandcontrollingwithouttheappearanceofcaring,attachmentandreceptiveness.Theytakea“mywayorthehighway”approachtotheirkids.Permissiveparents,thethirdgroup,havewarmandreceptivequalities,buttheysetfewboundariesandcarryoutfewrules.Usingdataonearly600kidsfromanongoingstudyofmiddleschoolandhighschoolstudentsinNewHampshire,researchersfromtheUniversityofNewHampshirewereabletofind“mywayorthehighway”parentingwithmoreviolentbehaviorslikerobbery,drug-taking,andattackingsomeoneelsewiththeintentionofhurtingorkilling.Firmbutlovingparenting,ontheotherhand,ledtofewerlawbreakers.Permissiveparenting,surprisingly,didn’tseemtomakemuchofadifferenceeither.Toexplainthelinkbetweenparentingstyleandbehaviorinkids,theresearcherssuggestedthatwhatmattersmostishowreasonablekidsthinktheirparents’poweris.Thissensecomeswhenkidstrustthattheirparentsaremakingthebestdecisionsforthemandbelievethattheyneedtodowhattheirparentssayeveniftheydon’talwayslikehowtheirparentsaretreatingthem.Whenkidsrespectthepoweroftheirparents,theresearchersreportedinthejournalofAdolescence,theirbehaviorisbetter.Previousresearchhasalsolinkedfirmbutcaringparentingwithkidswhohavemoreself-controlandindependence.“Whenchildrenconsidertheirparentstobethereliablefigure,theytrusttheparentsandfeelthattheyhaveadutytodowhattheirparentstellthemtodo,”saidleadresearcherPickTrinkner.“Thisisveryimportantastheparentdoesn’thavetorelyonasystemofrewardsandpunishmentstocontrolbehaviorandthechildismorelikelytofollowtheruleswhentheparentisnotphysicallypresent.”46.TigerMomsandFrenchMamasarementionedinthefirstparagraphto________.A.giveanexampleofauthoritarianparentingB.showtheadvantageofparentingC.comparetwotypesofparentingD.introducethetopic47.Accordingtotheresearch,whatkindofparentingstyleislikelytocausechildren’scriminalbehaviors?A.Caringparenting. B.Permissiveparenting.C.Authoritarianparenting. D.Authoritativeparenting.48.Whichofthefollowingprobablybelongstotheactionofthepermissiveparents?A.Allowingthekidstostayuplateatweekendsasthekidslike.B.Beatingthekidsifthekidsdon’tfollowtheirinstructions.C.Refusingtolistentothekid’srequestsanddemands.D.Settingsomerulesandcheckingthekids’behaviors.49.Accordingtothepassage,childrenaremorelikelytoobeytheruleswhen________.A.theirparentslistentothemtotallyB.theybelieveinandaccepttheirparentsC.theirparentsaresensitivetotheirneedsD.theirparentsdemandandcontroltheirbehaviors【答案】46.D47.C48.A49.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇争论文。文章论述专制父母和宽容父母在教化孩子上的利与弊。【46题详解】推理推断题。依据第一段中IntheongoingbattlebetweenTigerMoms,FrenchMamas,andeveryoneelsewhowantstoknowwhatisthebestwaytoraisetheirkids,anewstudyaddsevidencethattheextremeTiger-stylemaydomoreharmthangood.“在“虎妈”、“法国妈妈”和其他想知道什么是最好的哺育孩子的方式之间持续不断的斗争中，一项新的探讨进一步证明，极端的“虎妈”式教化可能弊大于利。”可知，第一段提到了虎妈和法国妈妈是为了引入本文话题。故选D项。【47题详解】细微环节理解题。依据其次段中Authoritarianparents,onthecontrary,aredemandingandcontrollingwithouttheappearanceofcaring,attachmentandreceptiveness.Theytakea“mywayorthehighway”approachtotheirkids.（而专制的父母则相反，他们要求和限制孩子，而不表现出关切、依恋和接受实力。他们对孩子实行“我说了算”的方式。）再依据第三段researchersfromtheUniversityofNewHampshirewereabletofind“mywayorthehighway”parentingwithmoreviolentbehaviorslikerobbery,drug-taking,andattackingsomeoneelsewiththeintentionofhurtingorkilling.可知，依据探讨，专制型的的父母教养方式会导致孩子的犯罪行为。故选C项。【48题详解】推理推断题。依据其次段最终一句Permissiveparents,thethirdgroup,havewarmandreceptivequalities,buttheysetfewboundariesandcarryoutfewrules.（第三类是宽容的父母，他们热忱随和，但他们很少设限，也很少执行规则。）可知，“允许孩子们在周末晚睡”可能属于宽容父母的行为。故选A项。【49题详解】推理推断题。依据第四段中Thissensecomeswhenkidstrustthattheirparentsaremakingthebestdecisionsforthemandbelievethattheyneedtodowhattheirparentssayeveniftheydon’talwayslikehowtheirparentsaretreatingthem.Whenkidsrespectthepoweroftheirparents,theresearchersreportedinthejournalofAdolescence,theirbehaviorisbetter.（当孩子们信任他们的父母正在为他们做最好的确定，信任他们须要做父母所说的，即使他们并不总是喜爱父母对待他们的方式，这种感觉就会产生。探讨人员在《青少年期刊》上报告称，当孩子们敬重父母的权力时，他们的行为会更好。）可知，依据文章，当他们信任和接受他们的父母时，孩子们更有可能遵守规则。故选B项。【点睛】推理推断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出确定的推理推断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理推断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是依据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理推断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,concludeindicate等标记性词语。这种题型主要包括细微环节推断题、看法观点推断题、写作意图推断题、文章出处推断题和揣测想象推断题。本题第3小题，依据其次段最终一句Permissiveparents,thethirdgroup,havewarmandreceptivequalities,buttheysetfewboundariesandcarryoutfewrules.“第三类是宽容的父母，他们热忱随和，但他们很少设限，也很少执行规则。”由此可知，“允许孩子们在周末晚睡”可能属于宽容父母的行为。故选A项。CHumansaresocialanimals.Theyliveingroupsallovertheworld.Asthesegroupsofpeopleliveapartfromothergroups,overtheyearsandcenturiestheydeveloptheirownhabitsandideas,whicharedifferentfromothercultures.Oneimportantparticularsideofeverycultureishowitspeopledealwithtime.Timeisnotveryimportantinnonindustrial(非工业的)societies.TheNuerpeopleofEastAfrica,forexample,donotevenhaveawordTIMEthatisinagreementwiththeabstractthingwecalltime.Thedailylivesofthepeopleofsuchnonindustrialsocietiesarelikelytobepatternedaroundtheirphysicalneedsandnaturaleventsratherthanaroundatimeschedule(时辰表)basedontheclock.Theycookandeatwhentheyarehungryandsleepwhenthesungoesdown.Theyplantcropsduringthegrowingseasonsandharvestthemwhenthecropsareripe.Theymeasuretimenotbyaclockorcalendar,butbysayingthataneventtakesplacebeforeoraftersomeotherevent.Frequentlysuchasocietymeasuresdaysintermsof“sleeps”orlongerperiodsintermsof“moons”.Somecultures,suchastheEskimosofGreenlandmeasureseasonsaccordingtothemigrationofcertainanimals.Somecultureswhichdonothaveawrittenlanguageorkeepwrittenrecordshavedevelopedinterestingwaysof“tellingtime”.Forexample,whenseveralAustralianaborigineswanttoplananeventforafuturetime,oneofthemplacesastoneonaclifforinatree.Eachdaytheangleofthesunchangesslightly.Inafewdays,theraysofthesunstrikethestoneinacertainway.Whenthishappens,thepeopleseethattheagreed-upontimehasarrivedandtheeventcantakeplace.Incontrast(成对比),exactlycorrectmeasurementoftimeisveryimportantinmodern,industrializedsocieties.Thisisbecauseindustrializedsocietiesrequirethehelpfuleffortsofmanypeopleinordertowork.Forafactorytoworkefficiently(well,quicklyandwithoutwaste),forexample,alloftheworkersmustworkatthesametime.Therefore,theymustknowwhattimetostartworkinthemorningandwhattimetheymaygohomeintheafternoon.Passengersmustknowtheexacttimethatanairplanewillarriveordepart.Studentsandteachersneedtoknowwhenaclassstartsandends.Storesmustopenontimeinordertoservetheircustomers.Complicated(困难的)societiesneedclocksandcalendars.Thus,wecanseethatifeachpersonworkedaccordingtohisorherownschedule,acomplicatedsocietycouldhardlyworkatall.50.Bysaying“Humansaresocialanimals”,theauthormeans________.A.theyliveallovertheworld B.theyaredifferentfromotheranimalsC.theyliveinoneareaasawhole D.theyaredividedintomanygroups51.Timeisnotveryimportantinnonindustrialsocietiesbecausepeopleinthosesocieties________.A.don’thavethewordTIMEintheirlanguagesB.don’tgetusedtousingclocksandothertimepiecesC.don’tmeasuretimeintheirdaily-livesaroundanexacttimescheduleD.don’tneedtoplantheirdailylivesaroundanexacttimeschedule52.TheAustralianaborigines’wayof“tellingtime”isbasedon________.A.thechangeoftheangleofthesun B.thechangeoftheweatherC.thepositionofthestone D.thepositionofthetreeorthecliff53.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.TimeandCulture B.TheMeasurementofTimeC.TimeScheduleandDailyLife D.Clock,CalendarandSociety【答案】50.C51.D52.A53.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇争论文。文章论述了“时间与文化”之间的关系。“人是群居动物”，经过发展，他们形成了自己的习惯和思想。每一种文化的一个特殊重要的方面是人们如何处理时间。文章讲解并描述了时间概念的发展过程及缘由。【50题详解】推理推断题。依据第一段中Humansaresocialanimals.Theyliveingroupsallovertheworld.（人类是社会性动物。他们成群生活在世界各地。）由此可知，作者说“人是群居动物”，是指他们作为一个整体生活在一个地区。故选C。【51题详解】推理推断题。依据其次段中Thedailylivesofthepeopleofsuchnonindustrialsocietiesarelikelytobepatternedaroundtheirphysicalneedsandnaturaleventsratherthanaroundatimeschedule(时辰表)basedontheclock.（这些非工业社会的人们的日常生活很可能是围围着他们的物质需求和自然事务，而不是基于时钟的时间支配。）可知，时间在非工业社会中不是很重要，因为在那些社会中，人们不须要依据一个准确的时辰表来支配他们的日常生活。故选D项。【52题详解】推理推断题。依据第三段中Eachdaytheangleofthesunchangesslightly.Inafewdays,theraysofthesunstrikethestoneinacertainway.（太阳的角度每天都略有变更。几天后，阳光以某种方式照耀在石头上。）可知，澳大利亚土著人的“报时”方式是依据太阳角度的变更。故选A项。【53题详解】主旨大意题。依据第一段中Asthesegroupsofpeopleliveapartfromothergroups,overtheyearsandcenturiestheydeveloptheirownhabitsandideas,whicharedifferentfromothercultures.Oneimportantparticularsideofeverycultureishowitspeopledealwithtime.（由于这些群体的人与其他群体分开居住，经过多年和几个世纪，他们形成了自己的习惯和思想，这与其他文化不同。每一种文化的一个重要的特殊的方面是它的人们如何处理时间。）以及全文其他内容可知，A项TimeandCulture（时间和文化）为最佳主题。故选A项。【点睛】做推理推断题时，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事务的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、看法、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的推断、推理、分析，进一步增加理解实力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第3小题，依据第三段中Eachdaytheangleofthesunchangesslightly.Inafewdays,theraysofthesunstrikethestoneinacertainway.“太阳的角度每天都略有变更。几天后，阳光以某种方式照耀在石头上。”由此可知，澳大利亚土著人的“报时”方式是依据太阳角度的变更。故选A项。第Ⅱ卷非选择题（共32分）四、语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。Apartfromworkinghardinsports,Ko