2025年高考教案英语UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS

UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS基础默写Ⅰ.核心单词——写其形1.disastern.灾难；灾害2.floodn.洪水；大量vi.淹没；大量涌入vt.使灌满水；淹没3.rescuen.&vt.营救；救援4.damagevt.损害；破坏n.损坏；损失5.destroyvt.摧毁；毁灭6.sheltern.避难处；居所；庇护vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避（风雨或危险）7.ruinn.&vt.破坏；毁坏8.percentn.百分之……adj.&adv.每一百中9.trapvt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱10.buryvt.埋葬；安葬11.effortn.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力12.supplyn.供应（量）；补给；[pl.]补给品vt.供应；供给13.powern.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力14.calmadj.镇静的；沉着的vt.使平静；使镇静15.aidn.援助；帮助；救援物资vi.&vt.帮助；援助16.crashvt.&vi.碰撞；撞击n.撞车；碰撞17.sweepvt.&vi.打扫；清扫18.waven.海浪；波浪vi.&vt.挥手；招手19.strikevi.&vt.（过去式struck；过去分词struck）侵袭；突击；击打；撞n.罢工；罢课；袭击20.summaryn.总结；概括；概要Ⅱ.拓展单词——通其变1.dievi.死；死亡→deathn.死；死亡→deadadj.死的→deadlyadj.致命的；极度的；十足的2.affectvt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动→affectionn.感情；喜爱3.shockn.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.（使）震惊→shockingadj.令人震惊的→shockedadj.震惊的4.electricityn.电；电能→electricadj.带电的；电动的→electricaladj.与电有关的5.breathn.呼吸→breathevi.&vt.呼吸→breathlessadj.气喘吁吁的6.wiseadj.充满智慧的；明智的；英明的→wisdomn.智慧；才智→wiselyadv.明智地7.suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦→sufferingn.折磨；苦难；痛苦→sufferern.患病者；受难者8.eruptvi.&vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出→eruptionn.喷发9.survivevi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过→survivaln.幸存；幸存事物→survivorn.幸存者10.delivervt.&vi.递送；传达vt.发表→deliveryn.传送；递送；演讲方式11.effectn.影响；结果；效果→effectiveadj.有效的→effectivelyadv.有效地12.longadj.长的→lengthn.长；长度→lengthenvt.&vi（使）变长Ⅲ.阅读单词——晓其意1.droughtn.旱灾；久旱2.slidevi.&vt.（使）滑行；滑动3.helicoptern.直升机4.crackn.裂纹；裂缝vi.&vt.（使）破裂5.brickn.砖；砖块6.metaln.金属7.revivevt.&vi.复活；（使）苏醒8.unifyvi.&vt.统一；（使）成一体9.contextn.上下文；语境；背景10.volcanon.火山11.typhoonn.台风12.hurricanen.（尤指西大西洋的）飓风13.tapvi.&vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍n.水龙头；轻叩；轻敲14.pipen.管子；管道15.whistlevi.吹口哨；发出笛声vt.吹口哨n.哨子（声）；呼啸声16.emergencyn.突发事件；紧急情况17.kitn.成套工具；成套设备Ⅳ.核心短语——明搭配1.asif似乎；好像；仿佛2.falldown跌倒；倒塌3.carryout执行；实施；贯彻；完成4.inruins严重受损；破败不堪5.inshock震惊；吃惊6.digout挖掘出；发现7etoanend结束；终结8.intheopenair露天；在户外9.onhand现有（尤指帮助）10.sweepaway消灭；彻底消除Ⅴ.经典句式——会运用1.Itseemedasiftheworldwereingtoanend！（asif引导的表语从句）仿佛世界末日即将来临！2.Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.（bedoing...when...）我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，这时水开始灌入屋内。3.Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.（too...to...）鸡甚至连猪都紧张得吃不下东西，狗也不愿意进屋里去。4.Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150，000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.（thosewho...）地震刚刚过去，部队便派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众挖出，并掩埋死者。语境自测Ⅰ.单词拼写（用本单元词汇）1.Wesetouttogotravellingwithexcitement，butthebadweatherruined（破坏）ourtrip.2.Sinceancienttimes，storytellinghasbeenawaytoshareandpassonwisdom（智慧）.3.Whenaheavyraincausedfloodsinthearea，manyvolunteersdelivered（递送）foodandwatertogiveahelpinghand.4.Hehashadtobury（掩藏）hispainovertheyearssoasnottomakehisparentsworried.5.Noonewasinjuredintheexplosion，butthebuildingwaspletelydestroyed.6.ItsuddenlystrikesmethatIstilloweyou20dollars.7.Hefoundahidingplaceasashelterfromtheviolentstorm.8.AlthoughRosemaryhadbeensufferingfromaseriousillnessforyears，shelostnoneofherenthusiasmforlife.9.Hearingthebadnews，hetookafewdeepbreathstocalmhimselfdown.10.Seeingthedrowninggirl，Ijumpedintothewaterimmediately，tookhertothebankandgaveherfirstaid.11.Theelectricityandwatersupplieshavebeencutoffafterthebigearthquakeinthetown.12.Manystudentsweretrappedbysmokeandfireonanupperfloor.Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空1.Peoplesufferedalotintheearthquake，andfoodandwaterdelivery（deliver）couldn’treachthearea，whichaddedtotheirsuffering（s）（suffer）.2.Thisdeskisthreetimesthelengthofthatone，soitislongenoughandneedn’tbelengthened.（long）3.ItwasshockingthatLiMinglostthefootballmatchyesterday，andallhisfanswerealsoinshock.Butwhatmadethemevenmoreshockedwasthathedidn’tcareaboutitatall.（shock）4.Jackseldommakesmistakesandmakesalmosteverydecisionwisely.Weallthinkheisamanfullofwisdom，butaccordingtohim，it’sallthankstoreadingwidely.（wise）5.Thenewtrafficrulewilleintoeffectnextyearandisexpectedtoreducetrafficjamseffectively.However，therearestillsomepeoplewhodoubtwhethertherulewillbeeffective.（effect）6.Anearthquakestruckthiscityweeksago，causinghundredsofpeople’sdeath.Peoplefromotherprovincescametoofferhelp，buryingthedeadandfortingthosewholosttheirhomes.Forlong，theareawascoveredwithdeadly/deadsilence.（die）7.Climbingwasindeedahardjob.Wewerebreathlesshalfwayupthemountainandhadtostop.Twohourslater，wereachedthetopandcouldn’thelptakingadeepbreathtobreatheinthefreshair！（breath）8.Jackisoneofthosesurvivorswho（have）survivedtheflood.Hetoldushissurvivalwasowingtothehelpfromastranger.（survive）Ⅲ.用方框内短语的适当形式完成句子etoanendcarryoutasifsweepawayinruinsinshockonhandintheopenair1.ChinesepeopleusuallycleantheirhousebeforetheLunarNewYear，astheybelieveinthiswaythebadluckofthenextyearwillbesweptaway.2.Yearsofwarhavelefttheareainruins.3.Bothofthemwanttheirdisputetoetoanend，butneitheriswillingtogivein.4.Seeingthecityafterthequakeatthetime，shesaysshewasinshock.5.Doyouthinkitisimportanttocarryoutresearchonwhalesandotherseacreatures？6.Whethertheirweddingceremonywillbeheldintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.7.IhavesomuchworkonhandthatIdon’thavetimetogotothecinema.8.Theseeminglyworriedmantooktwostepsforward，andthenlookedbackasifhewerewaitingforsomethingtohappen.Ⅳ.句式仿写1.他英语说得非常好，好像在英国居住了很多年似的。（asif引导的状语从句）HespokeEnglishperfectlyasifhehadlivedintheUKformanyyears.2.上周一，我正在街上散步，突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。（bedoing...when...）LastMonday，IwaswalkinginthestreetwhenIsuddenlysawanoldmanfalloffhisbicycle.3.我吓呆了，害怕得不敢移动一步。（too...to...）Ifrozewithterror，tooscaredtomoveaninch.4.陷入这样的危机加强了来自世界上不同地区的人们之间的联系。（thosewho...）Tobecaughtupinsuchacrisisstrengthensthebondsbetweenthosewhoefromdifferentpartsoftheworld.Naturaldisasters，likedrought，flood，typhoons，andearthquakes，arebeingmorefrequentnowadays.Allhavebadeffectsonhumans’life，makingussufferfromterribleinjuriesandseriousdamage.TheTangshanearthquakein1976shockedtheworldthen—about90percentofthehomesinthecityweredestroyed，andelectricitywashardtogetbecausepowerwascutoff.Alargecitylayinruins.Millionsofpeoplewereaffectedandhadtofacedeath.Itseemedasiftheworldwereingtoanend.Thankfully，150，000soldiersweresenttostartrescuework.Theydugoutthosewhoweretrapped，buriedthedeadandbuiltsheltersforthosewhosurvivedthedisaster.Thetirelesseffortspaidoff.Slowly，thecitybegantobreatheagain.Inthisfight，humansshowedgreatcourageandwisdom.Andwhatwelearnedfromthedisasteristokeepfirstaidkitonhandincaseofemergency.Whenadisasterstrikesaplace，it’susuallydifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplieswithinashorttime，butaslongaswestaycalm，positiveandunited，nodisasterwilldefeatus.1affectvt.影响；感动；（疾病）侵袭；使感染1.Unluckily，hewasaffected（affect）withaseriousillness，whichmadehisparentsdeeplyconcerned.2.Wemusttakeeffectivemeasurestopreventtheareafrombeingaffected（affect）bydrought.3.总的来说，英文报Youth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深感动。 （短文投稿）Insummary，theEnglishnewspaperYouthaffectsmegreatly或hasagreateffect/impact/influenceon/uponme.I’moftendeeplyaffectedbycountlessmovingstoriesinthenewspaper.★beaffectedby...受……影响，被……感动beaffectedwith...感染……疾病★（形近）effectn.效应；结果；影响；效果★haveaneffect/impact/influenceon/upon对……产生影响2shockn.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.（使）震惊（amaze，surprise，astonish）1.Thisisoneofthemostshocking（shock）weathereventsI’veeverwitnessed.2.Iwasshockedtohear（hear）thenewsthatanearthquakehappenedinSichuanProvince，killingmorethanonehundredpeople.3.EverystaffmemberwasinshockwhenhearingtheywouldtakeatestonSundayinsteadofhavingapicnic.介词in和许多表示情绪的名词搭配使用时，可用来描写人物的心情，如insurprise/amazement（惊讶地），infear/horror（惊恐地）等。4.Peterworkedhardinthepanyandwonpraisefromhisbossandcolleagues，buthisnamewasonthelayoff（裁员）list.Thisgavehimashock/Thismadehimshocked/Thiswasshockingnewsforhim/Thiscameasashocktohim.（情景续写）★eas/beagreatshocktosb.令某人大为震惊inshock震惊，吃惊★shockedadj.震惊的，惊讶的beshockedat/bysth.对某事感到震惊beshockedtodosth.做某事很震惊★shockingadj.令人震惊的3buryvt.埋葬；安葬1.[译林选必②－4]Thetimecapsule，buried（bury）50feetbelowthegroundinapark，wasdesignedtobeopenedintheyear6939.2.听到自己的家人被埋在废墟之下，他双手掩面，忍不住哭了出来。（读后续写之情绪描写）Hearingthathisfamilywereburiedinruins，heburiedhisfaceinhishandsandcouldn’tholdbackhistears.3.Focusingonwhathewasdoing，hedidn’tevennoticeitwasgettingdarkoutside.★beburiedin（doing）sth.＝buryoneselfin（doing）sth.埋头于，专心于（做）某事buryone’sfaceinone’shands双手掩面beburiedinthought陷入沉思（＝belostinthought）→Buryinghimselfin/Buriedinwhathewasdoing，hedidn’tevennoticeitwasgettingdarkoutside.（用bury改写画线部分）4effortn.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力1.[人教必修③－4]Asaresult，spacebasedsciencehashelpedfarminginitseffortstogrow（grow）enoughfoodtofeedEarth’sincreasingpopulation.2.Asaseniorhighschoolstudent，youmustmakeefforts/makeanefforttoimprovethenecessarymunicationskills（努力提高必要的沟通技巧）anddevelopcriticalandindependentthinking. （建议信）3.We’dbettertryourbesttoprepareourselvesfortomorrowsothatwecanhaveabrightfuture.→We’dbettermakeeveryeffort/sparenoefforttoprepareourselvesfortomorrowsothatwecanhaveabrightfuture.（用effort升级画线部分）4.学生应该专心学习。毕竟没有人能毫不费力地通过所有考试。（apply，effort）Studentsaresupposedtoapplythemselvestostudying.Afterall，nobodycanpassalltheexamswithouteffort.applyoneselfto（doing）sth.勤奋工作；努力学习★makeaneffort/effortstodosth.努力去做某事makeeveryefforttodosth.＝sparenoefforttodosth.尽一切努力去做某事★inanefforttodosth.为了做某事withouteffort毫不费力地with（an）effort费劲地5suffervt.遭受，蒙受vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦1.Itisshockingtoseethepatientsuffering/sufferfrompovertyanddiseasesandweallwanttodosomethingtohelpthissuffereroutofhissuffering（s）.（suffer）2.Studiesshowthatifpeoplealwayssitbeforeputerscreensforlonghours，theywillhavebackproblemsfromwhichtheywillsufferintherestoftheirlife.本题中，backproblems后面是"介词＋which"引导的定语从句。sufferfrom"遭受；患病"，是固定搭配，此处介词from提前了。3.虽然自然灾难可能会使我们遭受极大的痛苦，但我坚信只要我们守望相助，必能战胜灾难。 （读后续写之主旨升华）Althoughnaturaldisastersmaymakeussuffergreatpains，Ifirmlybelievethatwecanoverethedisastersthroughhelpingandsupportingeachother.★sufferfrom遭受；患……病sufferpains/defeat/loss遭受痛苦/失败/损失★sufferingn.疼痛；苦难；痛苦sufferern.受苦者；受难者；患病者6supplyn.供应（量）；补给；[pl.]补给品vt.供应；供给1.Intheearthquakestrickenarea，dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodsupplies（supply）.此处表示"运送食物"，supply在此表示"补给品"，通常要用复数形式。当supply表示"供应，供给"时，为不可数名词，如：electricitysupply电力供应，watersupply供水。2.ManyparentsinChinaarealwaysmakingeveryefforttoprovidetheirchildrenwiththebesteducation.→①ManyparentsinChinaarealwaysmakingeveryefforttosupplytheirchildrenwiththebesteducation/supplythebesteducationtotheirchildren.（supply）→②ManyparentsinChinaarealwaysmakingeveryefforttooffertheirchildrenthebesteducation/offerthebesteducationtotheirchildren.（offer）★inshortsupply供应不足★为某人提供某物：supplysb.withsth.＝supplysth.tosb.providesb.withsth.＝providesth.forsb.offersb.sth.＝offersth.tosb.7survivevi.生存，存活，继续存在vt.幸存；艰难度过1.Aftertheflood，peopleweresufferinginthatarea，whourgentlyneededcleanwater，medicineandshelterforsurvival（survive）.2.Mr.Greenwastheonlysurvivor（survive）intheearthquake.Hetoldushesurvivedonabottleofwater.3.没有海洋，任何生物都无法生存，包括人类。 （环境保护）Withouttheocean，nolivingthingswouldsurvive，includinghumans.★survivesth.从……中活下来；幸存于……surviveon依靠……生存AsurviveB（by＋时间）A比B活得长（……）★survivaln.幸存；残存物survivorn.幸存者8powern.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力3.[人教选必①－4]Scientistshavefoundthatwhenwefeelproudandpowerful，weusuallystraightenuptomakeourselvesbigger.Bycontrast，whenwefeelpowerless，wetendtoslump，makingourselvessmaller.（power）4.如果你有任何问题，尽管来找我。我会竭尽全力帮助你。 （建议信）Ifyouhaveanyproblems，justturntome.I’lldoeverythinginmypowertohelpyou.5.发生在他朋友身上的事使他惊呆了，他一句话也说不出来。 （读后续写之神态描写）★apowercut/failure停电havethepowertodosth.具有做某事的能力doeverythinginone’spower＝tryone’sbest竭尽全力beyondone’spower某人力所不能及in/withinone’spower在某人能力范围内beinpower执政（强调状态）etopower开始掌权/执政（强调动作）★powerfuladj.强健的；强有力的powerlessadj.无影响力的，无能为力的Hewassoshockedbywhathappenedtohisfriendsthathelostthepowerofspeech.9asif/asthough仿佛，好像，似乎1.[译林选必①－3]Whenyoulookatthepainting，itisasifyouwere（be）abouttocrossthebridgeandenteranotherworld.2.[外研选必②－3]Childhoodmemoriescamebacktomesoclearly，asiftheeventshadhappened（happen）onlyyesterday.3.Iwasdominatedbyanoverwhelmingsenseofexcitementandprideathiswords，andmyfeet，asifrooted（root）totheground，couldn’tmoveabit. （读后续写之情感描写）asif/asthough引导状语从句时，若主从句主语一致，且从句谓语为be动词，那么从句的主语和be动词可以省略，构成"asif/asthough＋形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/不定式"。本题中，asif引导的完整从句为：asifmyfeetwererootedtotheground。4.她紧张地捂住张大的嘴巴，觉得心好像要跳出来了。 （读后续写之情感描写）Shenervouslycoveredherwideopenedmouth，feelingasif/asthoughherheartwouldjumpout.（现在分词作状语）★asif/asthough既可引导方式状语从句，也可位于seem，look等系动词后引导表语从句。★若asif/asthough从句描述非现实情况，则用虚拟语气：·与现在事实相反，从句谓语用一般过去时（be动词用were）；·与过去事实相反，从句谓语用过去完成时；·与将来事实相反，从句谓语用"would/could/might/should＋动词原形"。10bedoingsth.when...正在做某事，这时突然……1.Theoldwomanwaswalking（walk）cautiouslyontheicypavementwhenherfeetslippedandshefellover. （读后续写之动作描写）2.[译林选必②－1]Iwasabouttohave（have）abathwhenIheardpeoplescreaminganddogsbarking.3.Shehadjustfinishedherhomeworkwhenhermotheraskedhertopractisethepiano.4.我正在担心如何说服她接受我的建议，这时我突然想到了一个好主意。（persuade，strike） （读后续写之心理描写）Iwasworryingabouthowtopersuadehertoacceptmyadvicewhenagoodideastruckme.★when作并列连词，表示"这时突然"，还用于以下句型中：beabouttodosth.when...正要做某事，这时突然……beonthepointofdoingsth.when...正要做某事，这时突然……had（just）donesth.when...刚做完某事，这时突然……词根fect从[构词示例]中选择适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。1.[北师选必①－3]ItisclearthathumanactivityhasnegativelyaffectedallotherspeciesonEarth，includinganimalsandplants.2.[译林选必②－3]Burnsdamageskin，whichcanleadtoinfectionandotherhealthproblems.3.[人教必修②－5]Asitturnedout，therewasnoneedtobenervousbecauseallmyhardworkpaidoffandIplayedperfectly.Ⅰ.语法填空——词形转换、固定搭配、易错动词变形1.[2023新高考Ⅱ]Besides，workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffecton/uponJaramillo’sspecialeducationstudents，manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.该句中含有"manyof＋关系代词"引导的定语从句，先行词为students。句意：此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。2.[2022全国乙]Itiseasytohaveasenseofconnectednessthroughsocialmedia，butlongdistancefriendships—evencloseones—mayrequiremoreconsciousefforttosustain（sustain）.3.[2021天津]Lifewithoutartwouldbeboringanddead（die）still，forartisapartofwhatmakesushuman.此处dead是副词，意为"完全地，全然地"，相当于pletely。still为形容词，意为"静止的"。4.[2020浙江]ThetrafficsignalsalongFactoriaBoulevardinBellevue，Washington，generallydon’tflashthesamelength（long）ofgreentwiceinarow，especiallyatrushhour.5.[2020北京]Tomhassincereportedtheshocking（shock）findingstothegovernmentinanattempttoemphasisethatbabiesareathigherriskofdevelopingasthma（哮喘）.6.[2020江苏]Later，heworkedinAfrica，wheremanypeoplesufferedfromblindnessforlackofpropertreatment.7.[北京高考]Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrapped（trap）inthemountainsfortwodays.句意：一名救援人员冒着生命危险救了两名被困山中两天的游客。根据句意可知，trap这个动作发生在risked之前，所以此处为过去的过去，应用过去完成时，且twotourists与trap之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。trap的过去分词形式应双写p再加ed。8.[北京高考]WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday，theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins（ruin）.9.[江苏高考]AttheBeijingOlympicssheswept（sweep）awayanydoubtsaboutherabilitytoperformconsistentlybybeingthefirstJamaicanwomanevertowinthe100metresOlympicgold.根据时间状语AttheBeijingOlympics可知，此处应用一般过去时。sweepawaydoubts表示"消除怀疑"，句中的Jamaicanwoman因为有序数词修饰，其后用不定式evertowin...gold作后置定语。句意：在北京奥运会上，她成为第一位获得奥运会100米金牌的牙买加女子，消除了人们对她一贯表现能力的怀疑。10.[全国Ⅲ]JustbeforeSeptember，Millerwasstruck（strike）byacarandlosthisrightarm.Ⅱ.阅读理解——一词多义、熟词生义1.A.v.大量送至，挤满 B.n.大量C.v.大量涌入 D.v.淹没①[2023新高考Ⅱ]TheytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandtovisitingChinesezookeeperswhooftenetocheckonthepandas，whichareonloanfromChina.B②[2023全国甲]AskthetouristsfromaroundtheworldthatfloodintoYellowstoneNationalParkwhattheymosthopetosee，andtheiranswerisoftenthesame：agrizzlybear.C③[浙江高考]Butwhenhefinallyreachedher，thewomanfloodedhimwithquestions："Whoareyou？Whatantiqueshop？" A④[江苏高考]Rezwaniscreatingfloatingconnectivity（连接）toreplacefloodedroadsandhighways. Dflood在③作动词，其本质含义是tosendsth.somewhereinlargenumbers。flood...with...常用被动形式befloodedwith，befloodedwith在某种程度上相当于befullof/befilledwith/becrowdedwith等。2.A.侵袭 B.给（某人以……）印象C.达成（协议） D.猛地意识到①[2021新高考Ⅰ]TheFrenchtaketheir35hourworkweekseriously—soseriouslythatsomelaborunionsrecentlystruckadealwithagroupofpanieslimitingthenumberofhoursthatindependentcontractorscanbeoncall. C②[2021全国乙]Hismentstruckmeasstrange. B③[2020北京]ButSmithwasstruckmainlybythefactthatshedidn’ttrulygraspanyoftheskillstheauthordescribed.D④[北京高考]Onthe20thofthatmonth，Dr.Welchexaminedasickboy，Billy，andknewhehaddiphtheria，adeadlyinfectious（传染的）diseasemainlyaffectingchildren.ThechildrenofNomewouldbehelplessifitstruckthetown. A3.[2021天津]Goodevening，everybody.ProfessorKingwillbedeliveringhislectureinamoment，butletmeintroducehimfirst. v.发表4.[北京高考]Twomorerantogettheschoolnurse，whobroughtadefibrillator，anelectronicdevice（器械）thatcanshocktheheartbackintowork. v.使受电击Ⅲ.写作——基础写作、读后续写写作一基础写作——自然灾害过去几年，世界各地频发地震、洪水、飓风、沙尘暴等自然灾害，给人们的生产、生活造成极大的损失。假如你是李华，请你给某英文报刊"人与自然"专栏写一篇短文，要点包括：1.描述自然灾害的现象和后果；2.分析自然灾害频发的原因；3.提出关于减少自然灾害的建议。◎写作要点1.在过去的几年里，发生了各种各样的自然灾害，比如地震、沙尘暴、洪水，给人类造成了严重的损失。（disaster，damage）Overthepastfewyears，therehavebeenvariousnaturaldisasters，suchasearthquakes，sandstorms，floods，causingseveredamagetohumanbeings.2.无数的房屋变成废墟，大量农田被破坏，数百万人遭受了巨大的经济损失。（inruins，destroy，suffer）Countlesshouseswereinruins，numerousfieldsweredestroyed，andmillionsofpeoplesufferedgreateconomiclosses.3.人口的快速增长对自然产生了不良影响，因为更多的人意味着地球上更多资源的供应。（effect，supply）Therapidpopulationgrowthhasanegativeeffectonnature，sincemorepeoplemeanlargersuppliesofresourcesonearth.4.人们缺乏环保意识，使得自然界的突发事件越来越频繁。（emergency）Peoplelacktheawarenessofenvironmentalprotection，makingtheemergenciesofnaturemorefrequent.5.我们应该尽一切努力保持人与自然之间的平衡。（effort）We’resupposedtomakeeveryefforttokeepthebalancebetweenhumansandnature.◎连句成篇请运用恰当的连接词将以上写作要点串联成一篇语意连贯的短文。Overthepastfewyears，therehavebeenvariousnaturaldisasters，suchasearthquakes，sandstorms，floods，causingseveredamagetohumanbeings.Thus，countlesshouseswereinruins，numerousfieldsweredestroyed，andmillionsofpeoplesufferedgreateconomiclosses.Thereareseveralfactorscontributingtothesedisasters.First，therapidpopulationgrowthhasanegativeeffectonnature，sincemorepeoplemeanlargersuppliesofresourcesonearth.What’smore，peoplelacktheawarenessofenvironmentalprotection，makingtheemergenciesofnaturemorefrequent.Inmyopinion，we’resupposedtomakeeveryefforttokeepthebalancebetweenhumansandnature.OnlyinthiswaycanwehumanssurvivewithourplanetEarth.写作二读后续写——情感描写之惊讶与震惊积累背诵仿写运用单词amazed，astonished，shocked，surprised，openmouthed，amazement，surprise，astonishment，alarm，startle使惊吓根据左栏素材完成下列各句1.当我看到这么多观众时，我惊讶得下巴都要掉了，不禁紧张起来。MyjawalmostdroppedwhenIsawthesizeoftheaudience.Icouldn’thelpbutgetnervous.2.听到这个坏消息，我惊呆了，我平生第一回不知道说什么话才好。Hearingthebadnews，Ifrozewithshock/Istoodstillwithshock/Iwasnumbwithshock.ForonceinmylifeIwaslostforwords.3.他惊讶得说不出来话，甚至脑子都不灵了。Hewastoosurprised/astonishedtospeakoreventothink.（too...to...）4.令我极为吃惊的是，他在比赛最后一圈的时候赶了上来并第一个到达终点线。Muchtomysurprise/Tomygreatsurprise，hecaughtupinthelastlapoftheraceandwasthefirsttoreachthefinishingline.5.汽车沿着弯弯曲曲的山路行驶，转过最急的弯道时，人人都惊得倒吸了一口气。Thecarfollowedthetwistsandturnsofthemountainroad，andwhenitcamearoundthesharpestbend，everyonegaspedinastonishment.6.当他打开电脑开始查看邮件时，他的脸上闪过一丝惊讶，但是又立即消失了。Whenheturnedonhisputerandbegantochecktheemail，asparkofsurpriseflashedacrosshisface，butsoondisappeared.词组1.toone’samazement/surprise/astonishment令人吃惊的是2.inastonishment/insurprise惊讶地3.one’sjawdrops惊掉下巴4.freeze/standstill/benumbwithshock惊呆了5.beshockedbeyondwords/bespeechlesswithshock＝betoosurprised/astonishedtospeak惊讶得说不出话来6.gaspinastonishment惊得倒吸一口气7.givesb.ashock/easashocktosb.使某人震惊佳句1.Isensedasparkofsurpriseinhiseyes.Hestraightenedupandlookedatme，withhismouthwideopen.我感觉到他眼里闪过一丝惊讶。他直起身，目瞪口呆地看着我。2.Hewasobviouslyshockedbyherwordsandalookofshockspreadoverhisface.显然，他被她的话震惊了，惊愕的表情在他的脸上蔓延开来。3.IleapedupasifIhadbeenstruckbythunderwhenIfeltsomeonepattingmeontheshoulder.Iturnedaroundandlookedatthestrangerinwideeyedastonishment.当我感觉到有人拍我的肩膀时，我一下子跳了起来，如遭雷击。我转过身，睁大眼睛惊讶地看着这个陌生人。一、阅读理解A[自然灾害/2024天星原创]YellowstoneNationalParkwithdrewmorethan10，000visitorsafterflashfloodshitthepark.Houses，roadsandbridgeswerewashedaway，andthepark’sgatewaymunitieswerecutofffromroads.Evenasscientistsandlandmanagersareshockedbytheseverefloods，unseenin100yearsofrecordedhistory，theyrecognizethesimilaritiestotheeventstheirdatapredicted.Theyjustdidn’texpectthemtooccurthisyear.Whileitwilltakemoreresearchtoconfirmifclimatechangemadethisfloodeventmoreextreme，the2021GreaterYellowstoneClimateAssessmentpredictssignificantchangesinprecipitation（降水），includingwhenitwillarriveandwhatformitwilltake.Scientistsexpectmorespringrainandlesswintersnow.TheassessmentalsopredictsincreasingannualprecipitationinYellowstoneNationalPark.Changeshavebeenalreadydocumentedintheassessment.Since1950，springprecipitationintheregionhasincreasedby17percentinApriland23percentinMay.Snowfallhasdwindledeventhoughoverallannualprecipitationhasincreased.Thatmeansratherthanaslowreleaseofmeltwatertovalleysduringthesummermonths，rainfalltendstobinewithmeltingsnow，causingriskiereventsliketherecentflood.Juneprecipitationthisyearisnowatmorethan400percentaboveaverageinthepartsofMontanaandWyomingthatincludeYellowstone.Andastemperaturesrise，theserainonsnoweventsareprojectedtobeemorefrequentathigherelevations（海拔）inwesternNorthAmerica，whilelowersnowpackwillmakethemlessfrequentatlowelevations.BruceStein，chiefscientistoftheNationalWildlifeFederation，saidseveralyearsbefore，whenhetrainedYellowstoneemployeesforclimateplanning，theyfocusedonthefeaturesthatdrewvisitorstothepark—likebisonandwolves.Roads，bridges，andhousesgettingwashedawaywereoutoftheirconsideration."Ithinkit’surgentandnecessaryfortheparktolookaheadtoplanfordifferentsituationsthatcouldpossiblyhappenastheclimatechanges，"saidStein.本文是说明文，主要讲述了黄石国家公园遭遇百年不遇的洪水以及洪水产生的可能原因。【词语积累】withdrawv.使撤离assessmentn.评价，评估documentv.记录，记载（详情）snowpackn.积雪【熟词生义】1.flash常用义：v.（使）闪耀，闪光n.闪光，闪光灯文中义：adj.突发的2.project常用义：n.项目，方案，工程文中义：v.预测，预计，推想【长难句解读】Whileitwilltakemoreresearchtoconfirm（ifclimatechangemadethisfloodeventmoreextreme），Whilethe2021GreaterYellowstoneClimateAssessmentpredictssignificantchangesinprecipitation主语谓语宾语（降水），including（whenitwillarrive）and（whatformitwilltake）.其中including译文：虽然需要更多的研究来确认气候变化是否使这次洪水事件更加极端，但《2021大黄石地区气候评估报告》预测了降水的显著变化，包括降水的到来时间和形式。1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthefloods？A.Theywerethemostdestructiveinhistory.B.Theyhadbeenpredictedwithcertainty.C.Theywereworsenedbychangesinclimate.D.Theywerepartlyinlinewithscientists’expectation.解析D细节理解题。由第一段中的"theyrecognizethesimilaritiestotheeventstheirdatapredicted...thisyear"可知，洪灾与科学家们的预测是部分一致的，故选D。2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"dwindled"inparagraph3mean？A.Varied. B.Balanced.C.Doubled. D.Declined.解析D词义猜测题。由eventhough和hasincreased可推知，画线词意为"减少"，故选D。3.WhatdoesSteinthinktheparkshoulddonext？A.Takepreventativemeasures.B.Rebuilddamagedstructures.C.Focusonitsattractivefeatures.D.Receivetraininginclimateplanning.解析A推理判断题。由最后一段的"Ithinkit’surgentandnecessaryforthepark...astheclimatechanges"可知，Stein认为黄石国家公园必须向前看，为气候变化可能引发的不同情况做好计划，这是非常紧迫和必要的。也就是说，黄石国家公园应该做到防患于未然，故选A。4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？A.Yellowstonearea：Isitmoreatriskofflood？B.Yellowstoneflooding：Whydoesithappennow？C.Climateplanning：WhyisitimportanttoYellowstone？D.Climatechange：DoesitmeanmorerainforYellowstone？解析B标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了黄石国家公园遭遇百年不遇的洪水及洪水产生的可能原因，B项更好地概括了文章的内容，做文章标题最佳。B[2023山东二模]ItwasalongweekendinMay2018andmypartnerGabeRosescuandIweretakingaroadtriptogotoNelson，BritishColumbiaandspendsometimewithourfriends.Itwasourfirsttriptogether.Ataround5：30p.m.onThursday，May17，weweredrivingabout11mileswestofCreston，onasteepmountainroadknownastheCrowsnestHighway.Iwastextingupdatestomyfamilyandenjoyingtheview.Weweren’tawarethattherehadrecentlybeenfloodinginthearea.WhenIlookedupfrommyphone，Isawawaveofmudandahugetreeingdownthemountain，rightinfrontofGabe’scar.Hetriedtostop，butitwastoolate.Themudslidesentourcarfallingnearly300metersdownarockycliff（悬崖）andourcarlandedonitssideamongsometrees.Ididn’tknowho