高考总复习英语习题必修4Module4

Module4GreatScientists(建议用时40分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解(2018·河南实验中学期中考试)Whydosomepeopleflushwhentheydrinkalcohol(酒)？ThiseffectisamonreactiontoalcoholamongEastAsians.Itaffectsabout36percentofJapanese，ChineseandKoreans.Formany，evenasmallamountofalcoholcancauseunpleasanteffects.Mostmonly，theirface，neckandsometimestheirwholebodyturnred.Peoplemightalsofeelunfortableandsicktotheirstomach.Theymightexperienceaburningsensation，increasedheartrate，shortnessofbreathandheadaches.ThecauseisageneticdifferencethattheyarebornwithcalledanALDH2deficiency(缺乏)．Itpreventstheirbodiesfromtreatingalcoholthewayotherpeopledo.Buttheeffectsmightbemoreseriousthanjustaredface.Researcherswarnofalinkbetweenthisconditionandanincreasedriskofcanceroftheesophagus(食道)fromdrinkingalcohol.Themorealcoholpeoplewiththisdeficiencydrink，thegreatertheirriskis.InJapanandSouthKorea，forexample，manypeoplehavethedeficiencybutstilldrinkheavily.Researchersfoundthatthesedrinkersdevelopaformofesophagealcancersixtotentimesmoreoftenthanthosewithoutthedeficiency.Esophagealcancerisoneofthedeadliestcancers.Itcanbetreatedwhenfoundearly，butonceitgrowsthechancesofsurvivaldropsharply.Theresearchersestimatethatatleastfivehundredfortymillionpeoplehavethedeficiency，abouteightpercentoftheworld’spopulation.PhilipBrooksisaresearcherattheNationalInstituteintheUnitedStates.Hesaysitisimportanttoeducatepeopleaboutthelinkbetweenthealcoholflushingeffectandesophagealcancer.HesaysdoctorsshouldaskEastAsianpatientsabouttheirexperienceswithfacialflushingafterdrinkingalcohol.Thosewithahistoryofitshouldbeadvisedtolimittheiralcoholuse.Theyshouldalsobewarnedthatcigarettesmokingworkswiththealcoholinawaythatfurtherincreasestheriskofesophagealcancer.[语篇解读]一些人喝酒后容易脸红，科研人员指出，这是因为体内缺少ALDH2，如果这些人饮酒过量，会增加患食道癌的风险。1．Theunderlinedword“flush”inParagraph1probablymeans“________”．A．walkunsteadilyB．appearunpleasantC．turnredinthefaceD．talkmorethanusual解析：选C词义猜测题。根据第二段Mostmonly，theirface，neckandsometimestheirwholebodyturnred.可推断，flush意为“脸红”，故答案为C项。2．Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout________.A．thecauseoftheeffectsofalcoholB．unpleasanteffectscausedbyalcoholC．theadvantagesofdrinkingalcoholD．Asiansandalcohol解析：选B主旨大意题。第二段主要介绍了一些人喝酒后的不良反应，如脸红、胃不舒服、头痛等，故答案为B项。3．Wecaninferfromthepassagethat________.A．theALDH2deficiencymaybepassedonfromgenerationtogenerationB．about36percentofJapanese，ChineseandKoreansareheavydrinkersC．unpleasanteffectsoccuronlywhenpeoplewiththisdeficiencydrinkalotD．onlysomeEastAsianshavetheALDH2deficiency解析：选A推理判断题。根据第三段ThecauseisageneticdifferencethattheyarebornwithcalledanALDH2deficiency.可推断，答案为A项。4．Esophagealcancerisoneofthedeadliestcancersbecause________.A．itcan’tbetreatedatallB．itishardtobediscoveredearlyC．peopleareusuallyaddictedtoalcoholD．itishardtocureonceithasdeveloped解析：选D细节理解题。根据第五段．..butonceitgrowsthechancesofsurvivaldropsharply可知，答案为D项。Ⅱ.完形填空(2018·开封阶段性测试)Itwas11：30intheevening.A__1__AmericanladyofaboutseventywasstandingonthesideofanAlabama__2__tryingtobearapouringrainstorm.Hercarhad__3__andatthemomentshe__4__neededaride.Wettotheskin，shedecidedtoflagdownthenext__5__.Ayoungwhitemanstoppedtohelpher—generallyunheard__6__inthoseconflict－filled(矛盾冲突)1960s.Theman__7__hertosafetyinhiscar，and__8__taxicab(akindofcar)forher.Sheseemedtobeinagreat__9__.Shewrotedownhis__10__，thankedhimanddroveaway.Severaldayswentbyanda__11__cameontheman’sdoor.Tohis__12__，averybigcolorTVwasdeliveredtohishome.Aspecialnotewas__13__toit.Itread，“Dearsir，thankyousomuchforassistinga(n)__14__coloredwomanonthefreeway__15__night.Therain__16__wetallovernotonlymyclothes__17__myspirits.Thenyou__18__along.Becauseofyou，Iwas__19__tomakeittomydyinghusband’sbedsidejust__20__hepassedaway.Godblessyouforhelpingmeandkindlyservingothers.Sincerely，MrsNatKing[语篇解读]主要叙述美国的一个白人青年帮助一个黑人老太太的故事。1．A.black B．whiteC．poor D．sick解析：选A60年代矛盾冲突(指白人对黑人的种族歧视)，下文提到了一个白人青年帮她，因此可判断老太太是“黑人”。2．A.railway B．freewayC．street D．avenue解析：选B从第15空前的freeway一词可知答案为B。3．A.brokenup B．speededupC．brokendown D．sloweddown解析：选C从下文shedecidedtoflagdownthenextcar可知，她的车“抛锚”了。4．A.seriously B．badlyC．fairly D．probably解析：选B因为车抛锚了，而她还要赶到病危的丈夫那里去，所以她“非常”需要搭车，只有badly符合此意。5．A.bus B．truckC．taxi D．car解析：选Dflagdown“挥手示意停车”，而且又在高速路上，所以只能是car。6．A.from B．byC．before D．of解析：选D一个白人青年停下来帮助她——这在60年代种族矛盾激烈的美国从未听说过。hearof是“听说”的意思。7．A.put B．ledC．fetched D．took解析：选D“takesbto＋地点”意为“把某人带到某地”是固定短语。8．A.hired B．tookC．sent D．asked解析：选A因为是出租车，所以要“租赁”。9．A.need B．helpC．hurry D．trouble解析：选C从下文看，她是去看她快要死了的丈夫，所以很“匆忙”。10．A.address B．numberC．name D．words解析：选A从下文可知，老太太为了感谢那位白人青年，买了一台电视机给他送去，所以记下的是“地址”，而不是号码。11．A.lady B．salesmanC．letter D．knock解析：选D由下文的ontheman’sdoor可判断出是knock。aknockonthedoor“敲门声”。12．A.surprise B．delightC．joy D．satisfaction解析：选A因为他没有买电视机，看到一个售货员送来一台电视机，所以感到“惊奇”。13．A.offered B．givenC．stuck D．written解析：选C因为是纸条，所以判断是“贴”在电视机上。14．A.aged B．darkC．lucky D．unhappy解析：选A根据第一空已经知道是一位黑人妇女，且由下文可知，她70岁了。该句中已出现color一词，则另一修饰该妇女的词只能是aged。15．A.another B．theotherC．other D．any解析：选B从上下文的时间判断，是“几天前的一个夜晚”。16．A.let B．madeC．had D．turned解析：选B后面是形容词wet，表示大雨使浑身都湿了用动词make。17．A.and B．butC．or D．otherwise解析：选Bnotonly...but(also)是固定搭配，意为“不但……而且……”。18．A.got B．wentC．ran D．came解析：选D从上文可知，老太太的车子抛锚时，那个白人青年及时地出现在她跟前，并给予了帮助。19．A.able B．readyC．likely D．willing解析：选A从下文可知，此处表示“能”使她及时赶到她快要死了的丈夫跟前。beabletodosth.表示通过努力才能实现的事，其余选项不符合句意。20．A.after B．beforeC．until D．since解析：选B因为老太太得到了青年的帮助，才使她在她丈夫死之前赶到。Ⅲ.语法填空In1.________(I)opinion，languagescannotbetaught，theycanonlybelearned.Havingsomeoneorsomethingtoaidwiththeprocessis2.________greatbenefit.Findaguide，notaninstructor.EnglishwasalreadyaworldlanguagebythetimeIturned10in1991.Ithoughtitwas3.________(difficulty)formetostudyEnglishwell.I4.________(struggle)atfirst.Ididn’tliketheteacher.Grammarexplanationsconfusedme，andthematerialwas5.________(real)dull.IthoughtI’dneverlearnit.ThenmyparentsdecidedtohireaprivateEnglishtutor6.________waswonderfulandthoughtful.Shedidn’tsimplyinstructmeinthelanguage，buthelpedme7.________(discovery)it.Shesetmeontherightpathtolearning，andmostimportantly，learningtolovelanguage.Istartedreadingmany8.________(book)inEnglish.MyauntboughtmeTheHardyBoysformybirthdayandafterthattherewasnolookingback.Thebinationofreadingbooks,9.________(watch)movieseverydayandtalkingtomytutoronceaweekfortwoyearsworkedwonders.Bytheageof15IwasfluentinEnglish10.________inpossessionofathickAmerican[语篇解读]本文主要讲述了作者对学习英语的感受。1．解析：my考查代词。句意为：我认为语言不能是用来教的，它们只能是用来学的。inone’sopinion意为“某人认为”。根据上下文语境可知应填my。2．解析：of考查介词。ofgreatbenefit相当于verybeneficial，在此做表语，故填of。3．解析：difficult考查形容词。Itis/wasdifficultforsb.todosth.意为“对某人来说做某事是困难的”，故填difficult。4．解析：struggled考查动词。句意为：最初我努力(学习)。根据atfirst可知应用过去时，故填struggled。5．解析：really考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词，故填really。6．解析：who/that考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是tutor，故填that/who。7．解析：(to)discover考查非谓语动词。help后常常接动词不定式或动词原形做宾语补足语，故填(to)discover。8．解析：books考查名词。many用来修饰名词的复数形式，故填books。9．解析：watching考查非谓语动词。根据and前后两部分应该保持一致，故watch的形式应与talking保持一致，故填watching。10．解析：and考查连词。空格前后两部分之间是并列关系，故填and。Ⅳ.短文改错I’velearntfromthenoticethatyou’relookingforanEnglisheditorforusschoolpaper.I’mwrittenthislettertoapplyfortheposition.I’mLiHua，SeniorThreestudentinourschool.Inmyview，Imetyourrequirements：foronething，I’mwillingtodevotesomeofmysparetimetoserveothers；foranother，I’mgoodatbothEnglishorFineArts.I’meit