北京市东城区2023-2024学年高三上学期期末统一测试英语试卷2

东城区20232024学年度第一学期期末统一检测高三英语本试卷共11页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。When19yearoldAliceDickinsonfoundoutherfatherhadcancer,her___1___wasalittledifferentthanyoumightexpect.Tohonorherfather,whoshealsodescribesasherbestfriend,shedecidedtostartabookdrivecalledForLove,___2___booksforkidswithcancer.“Itwasverymuchanovernightidea,”sheexplains.“Ipostedamessageonanappaskingmyneighborsforusedbookdonations.Iwasonlyexpectingafewhereandthere,buttheresponsewastruly___3___anditwasjustthepushIneededtocoexistwithmysadnessratherthanlettingit___4___me.”“Itwasabsolutelyheartbreakingtowatchmydad___5___cancerandseehimlosealittlebitofhimselfeachday,butthebookdriveallowedmeto___6___anewfoundsenseofpurposemixedwithanevengreatersenseofsympathyanddesiretohelpothers.Iwantedtohelp___7___.They’vealwaysheldasoftspotinmyheart.”Usingthe___8___sheearnsfromworkingatherparents’breadshop,Alicehasboughtmanybooksoutofherownpocket.Inaddition,shereceivesdonationsthroughheronlinewishlist.Alicespentawholesummerdrivingaroundtown,loadingboxesofbooksintohercar.“Itwassuchauniqueexperiencetoknowpeoplehadcarriedthesebooksalltheirlivesthroughgenerations,andtheywantedto___9___themtomycause.”Theprojecthasseenahuge___10___,withForLovedonatingover15,000booksandbeingwidelyrecognizedbythemedia.1.A.suffering B.explanation C.response D.treatment2.A.writing B.promoting C.reading D.collecting3.A.appropriate B.incredible C.familiar D.immediate4.A.excuse B.consume C.dismiss D.touch5.A.throwoff B.keepfrom C.lookinto D.gothrough6.A.evaluate B.develop C.regain D.provide7.A.kids B.neighbors C.friends D.parents8.A.credit B.interest C.awards D.tips9.A.gift B.lend C.submit D.mail10.A.market B.profit C.success D.demand第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Mysixyearolddaughter,Rona,listenedattentivelytotheradioonthehardshipspeoplesuffered___11___poorareas.ItwasthedayafterRona’sbirthdayandhergrandmotherhadgivenhersomemoney.Whentheofferingbasketcamearound,Rona___12___(reach)intoherpocket,pulledoutherbirthdaymoney,andputitinthebasket.“Yourgrandmotherwantedyoutousethattobuysomethingnicefor___13___(you),”Isaid.“Idid,”Ronarepliedwithabigsmile.“Iboughthappiness.”B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Somepeoplearelivingverylonglives.Whataresomeoftheirsecretstolongevity?___14___(eat)therightfoodplaysabigrole.Exerciseisalsoimportant.Astudyfoundthatpeoplewhoexercisedat___15___(remend)levelsgained34yearsoflifeparedtothose___16___wereinactive.Inaddition,thereisalsoalinkbetweenhappinessandlifespan—happypeoplewithapositiveoutlookonlifetendtolive___17___(long)andexperiencebetterhealththantheirunhappypeers.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Astudyshows176birdspecieshavebeenfoundtobuildnestswithhumanlitter,suchasplasticbagsandfishingnets.___18___worriesthescientistsisthatsuchmaterialscanharmchicksandevenadultbirds.Thestudy___19___(review)researchcoveringalmost35,000nestsandfindsthatbirdsusehumanmadematerialsinnestsonallcontinentsexceptAntarctica.Whilesuchbehaviour___20___(observe)asearlyasinthe1830s,inrecentyearsithasundoubtedlyincreased.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AConnectedtoeachotherlikeneverbefore,youngpeopletodayarebeingagentsofchange,increasinglycontributingtoinnovativesolutionsthatimprovepeople’slivesandtheplanet’shealth.TheUnitedNationsInstituteforTrainingandResearchisthereforedelightedtolaunchtheYoungLeadersOnlineTrainingProgramme,afourweekeLearningcourse,toprovideparticipantswiththeknowledgeandskillstofullyunfoldtheirpotentialasgloballeaders.◆CONTENT

OnlineLearningModulesModule1:TheUnitedNations(39June2024)Module2:ConferenceDiplomacy(外交)(1016June2024)Module3:SustainableDevelopmentGoals(1723June2024)Module4:Internationalmunication(2430June2024)Eachmodulewillpriseabout30pagesofliterature,externallinks,videos,andotherrelevantmaterial,correspondingtoatotalworkloadof4045hoursduringthefourweeks.

LiveponentsEacheLearningmodulewillgowithaseriesoflivemeetingswithUNexperts.Thesewillhavevaryinglengthsandformats,includingeworkshops,mock(模拟的)interviews,etc.◆PLETIONREQUIREMENTSParticipantsarequalifiedforacoursecertificateuponsuccessfulpletionoftheponentsbelow:

Readingthefourmodules’content.YoumaywishtostudythematerialthroughtheinteractiveprogrammeArticulateStorylineorsimplydownloadthePDFversionofthecontent.Theyareidenticalincontentandaremeanttogiveparticipantsflexibilityinthewaytostudy.

Participationinthediscussionboardforums(论坛).Youaresupposedtoanswerquestionsoneverymoduleinshorttexts.Yourpostswillbeevaluatedaccordingtobothquantityandquality.

Passingthemultiplechoiceassessments.Eachmodulefeaturesanassessmentquizatitsend.Itcontains10questionsandpassingthemodulerequiresatleast8outof10questionscorrectlyanswered.21.Whatisthemainaimofthecourse?A.Toimprovethelivesofyoungpeople. B.Toconnecttheyoutharoundtheworld.CTocollectinnovativeideasfromyoungpeople. D.Tobuilduptheyouth’sgloballeadershipability.22.Whatwillparticipantsdoineachmodule?A.Readgreatworksofliterature. B.Spend4045hoursonlearning.C.MakevideosfortheUnitedNations. D.HaveonlinemeetingswithUNexperts.23.Togetacoursecertificate,aparticipantneedsto______.A.takepartinthediscussions B.postquestionsoneachmoduleC.copythePDFversionofthecontent D.answerallthetestquestionscorrectlyBWhenIfirstheardabouttheimprov(即兴表演)classes,Iwastorn.Asanintrovert,Ifearedgettingonstageandimprovisinginfrontofstrangers.However,IknewIwantedtoworkasasciencemunicatorafterfinishingmyPh.D.,soitseemedliketheperfectopportunitytoimprovemyspeakingabilityandgainconfidencethinkingonmyfeet.Duringourfirstclass,welearnedacoreconceptofimprov:“yes,and.”Itmeansthat,asimprovisers,weacceptwhatfellowperformerssay.Ifsomeonesaysthatrhinos(犀牛)arelibrarians,forexample,thenrhinosarelibrarians.Wedonotquestionthelogic;wesay“yes”andcontinuewiththesceneasifnohimiswrong.Igotatasteofhowdifficultthatwaswhenactingoutmyfirstscene.Myclassmateturnedtomeandsaid,“Momisgoingtobesomad.”Madaboutwhat?Mymindspunoutideas,andmyinnercriticshotthemalldown.Webrokethecar?No,that’stooeasy.Wefailedatest?No,youdon’twantyourclassmatesthinkingyou’restupidonthefirstday.Ifinallylandedonananswer:“Yes,we’regoingtobelatefordinner.”Thesceneproceededfromthere,andweeventuallyfinishedastwosisterswholosttheirwayonahikingtrail.Thefirstfewsceneswerehard,butasweeksturnedintomonths,Ibecamemorefortablethinkingonmyfeetandevenstartedtoenjoyourclasses.Ineversilencedmyinnercriticentirely,butovertime,Ididn’tpolicemywordswithquitesomucheffort.Ialsobecamebetteratlistening,relatingtomyconversationpartners,andmunicatingclearlyinthemoment.Thattrainingproveduseful6monthsago,whenmyexperimentsgeneratedunreasonabledata.Earlyoningraduateschool,Iwouldgetstuckwhenthishappened;myinnercriticwouldassumeIhadmadeamistake.Butthen,afterembracingthe“yes,and”concept,insteadofgettingdiscouraged,Ikeptexploringthedataandendedupidentifyinganewtypeofcell—onethatwasn’tbehavingasexpected.IfIhadn’tacceptedthepossibilitythattheresultswerereal,IwouldhavemissedoutonthemostexcitingfindingofmyPh.D.sofar.Allscientistscanbenefitfromthislesson.Ifthedatasayrhinosarelibrarians,thenit’sworthinvestigatingwhetherrhinosare,infact,librarians.Ourjobasscientistsisn’ttogeneratedatathatsupportapreconceived(预想的)story.Ourjobistosay“yes,and.”24.Whydidtheauthortaketheimprovclasses?A.Toimproveherlogicalmind. B.TofinishherPh.D.assignment.C.Todevelophermunicationskills. D.Topursueherinterestinperformance.25.Howdidtheauthorfeelduringthefirstscene?A.Conflicted. B.Bored. C.Discouraged. D.Embarrassed.26.Accordingtotheauthor,inherexperiments,“yes,and”helpedher______.A.acceptfailures B.makeanewdiscoveryC.makeupforamistake D.correctunreasonabledata27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Theunknowncanbeaninspiration. B.Theunexpectedcanberewarding,C.Theunfortunatecanbeachance. D.Theunusualcanbedecisive.CWhenwe’resolvingaplicatedproblem,weoftengatheragrouptobrainstorm.We’relookingtogetthebestideasasquicklyaspossible.Iloveseeingithappen—exceptforonetinywrinkle.Groupbrainstormingusuallybackfires.Extensiveevidenceshowsthatwhenwegenerateideastogether,we’reunlikelytomaximizecollectiveintelligence.AsthehumouristJohnSmithsaid,“Ifyouhadtoidentify,inoneword,thereasonwhythehumanracehasnotachieved,andneverwillachieve,itsfullpotential,thatwordwouldbe:‘meetings’.”Buttheproblemisn’tmeetingsthemselves—it’showwerunthem.Thinkaboutthebrainstormingsessionsyou’veattended.You’veprobablyseenpeoplebitetheirtonguesduetoegothreat(“Idon’twanttolookstupid.”),noise(“Wecan’talltalkatonce.”),andconformitypressure(“Let’salljumpontheboss’sship!”).Goodbyediversityofthought,hellogroupthink.Tounearththehiddenpotentialinteamsinsteadofbrainstorming,we’rebetteroffshiftingtoaprocesscalled“brainwriting”.Theinitialstepsaresolo.Youstartbyaskingeveryonetogenerateideasseparately.Next,youpoolthemandsharethemamongthegroup.Topreserveindependentjudgment,eachmemberevaluatesthemontheirown.Onlythendoestheteametogethertoselectandrefinethemostpromisingoptions.Bydevelopingandassessingideasindividuallybeforechoosingthem,teamscansurfaceandadvancepossibilitiesthatmightnotgetattentionotherwise.ResearchbyorganizationalbehaviourscholarAnitaWoolleyandhercolleagueshelpstoexplainwhythismethodworks.Theyfindthatakeytocollectiveintelligenceisfullandfairparticipation.Inbrainstormingmeetings,it’stooeasyforparticipationtobeelopsidedinfavourofthebiggestegos,theloudestvoices,andthemostpowerfulpeople.Thebrainwritingprocessmakessurethatallideasarebroughttothetableandallvoicesarebroughtintotheconversation.Thegoalisn’ttobethesmartestpersonintheroom—it’stomaketheroomsmarter.Collectiveintelligencebeginswithindividualcreativity.Butitdoesn’tendthere.Individualsproduceagreatervolumeandvarietyofnovelideaswhentheyworkalone.Thatmeansthattheyeupwithmorebrilliantideasthangroups—butalsomoreterribleideasthangroups.Ittakescollectivejudgmenttofindthesignalinthenoiseandbringthebestideastofruition.28.BothJohnSmithandtheauthormayagreethatbrainstormingmeetingsfailto______.A.assesshumanspotential B.simplifyproblemsquicklyC.acceptpossiblegoodideas D.getthemostoutofindividuals29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“lopsided”inParagraph5mostprobablymean?A.Informal. B.Unbalanced. C.Improper. D.Unpleasant.30.Theauthorwritesthispassagemainlyto______.A.challengeaconclusion B.makeaparisonCadvocateapractice D.introducearesearchDScientistsarepoorforecastersofthefuture.Buttwotrendscanbeconfidentlypredicted.First,theworldwillgetmorecrowded.There’llbemorethan9billionpeopleby2050.Second,theworldwillgetwarmerandsomegovernmentswon’tprioritisethelongtermmeasuresneededtodealwithclimatechange,eventhoughscienceoffersusaroadmaptoalowcarbonfuture.That’swhyweshouldbepromotersofnewtechnology—withoutittheworldcan’tprovidethefoodandsustainableenergyneededforanexpandingpopulation.Butweshouldalsobecautious,asnewtechnologies,suchasAI,maybehardtocontrol.AIwillundoubtedlybeemoreintrusiveinthefuture.Recordsofourmovements,healthandfinancialtransactionswillbestoredinthecloud.Thedatamaybeusedforjustifiablereasons,suchasproteinfoldinganddrugdevelopment,ortowarnusofinitialhealthrisks,butitsavailabilitytoInternetpaniesisalreadyshiftingthebalanceofpowerfromgovernmentstoglobalscalecorporations.Actually,it’sbeyondEarththatAIhasthemostenormouspotential.HumansmayhaveestablishedbasesbeyondEarthbytheyear2100．Butdon’teverexpectmassemigration(移民)fromEarth.It’safalsebeliefthatspaceoffersanescapefromourproblems.DealingwithclimatechangeonEarthisapieceofcakeparedtoterraformingMars.Nevertheless,weshouldcheeronthesebravehumanspaceadventurers.They’llbeilladaptedtoaMartianhabitat,sothey’llhaveasupermotivetoredesignthemselves.It’sthey,notthoseofusadaptedtolifeonEarth,whowillpioneertheposthumanera(时代).Ifposthumansmaketheshiftfromfleshandbloodtofullyartificialintelligencestheywon’tneedanatmosphereofevengravity,soit’sindeepspace—notevenonMarsthatnonbiological“brains”maydeveloppowersthatwecan’timagine.Theymayendupbeingmentallydifferentfromus.AIcouldjumpstartahugeemigrationandthusevenmoreplexintelligencespreadsthroughtheuniverse.Butlet’srefocusfromthesciencefictionofthefarfuture.closertothehereandnow.Thiscenturyisspecial.It’sthefirst,inEarth’s4.5billionyearhistorywhereonespeciesours—holdstheplanet’sfutureinitshands.Ourintelligencecouldinitiatebillionsofyearsofposthumanevolution(演化),evenmoreamazingthanthatwhichledtous.Ontheotherhand,humanscouldcausebiological,environmentalorcybercatastrophesthatforecloseallthispotential.Ifscienceistosaveus,weneedtothinkglobally,sensiblyandlongterm—empoweredbyscience,butguidedbyvaluesthatsciencealonecan’tprovide.31.Whydoestheauthormentionthetwotrendsinthefirstparagraph?A.Toreplytogovernments’decisions. B.Toshowscientists’predictionability.C.Topresentacallforscientificadvances. D.Tohighlightthechallengestoscientists.32.Accordingtothispassage,AIcan______.A.putanendtoclimatechange B.makemasshumanemigrationpossibleC.speedupthepetitioninmedicalfields D.bringaboutpotentialthreatsfrombigpanies33.Asforthefuture,whatdoestheauthoragreewith?A.Posthumanswillrepeatthehistoryofhumans.B.plexintelligencewilldominatetheuniverse.C.Fullyartificialintelligencesmayinhabitouterspace.D.Nonbiologicalbrainsmayinviteunforeseendisasters.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.CouldAISaveUs? B.WillScienceLeadEvolution?C.ArcSpaceAdventurersPioneers? D.IsplexIntelligenceing?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。TheScienceoffortFoodCertainfoodsalwaysgiveusmuchpleasure.___35___However,muchofthehappinesswegetfromourfavoritefoodsesfromthememoriestheybringtousandthepeoplewe’rewithwhileweenjoythem.___36___That’swhyourbrainsrewardusforeatinganythingatallbyreleasingachemicalthatenhancesmood.Butasanyonewho’severeatenapplepieknows,sweetscanmakeusfeelespeciallynice.Onestudyfoundthatpeoplewhoareespeciallysensitivetosweetnesshavestrongerbrainrewardresponsestosugaryfoodsthanlesssweetsensitivepeopledo.Somefoodsareespeciallyemotionallysatisfyingforreasonsthathavelittletodowiththeirtasteornutritionalcontent,though.___37___AndmanyfavoriteAmericanfortfoods—chili,say—arenotparticularlysweetorhighincarbohydrates(碳水化合物).Oftenwelovefoodbecausewehavefondmemoriesassociatedwithit.OnedishIcannotlivewithoutataNewYearpartyismymom’sSnowyMashedPotatoes,whichremindmeofholidayjoyandpastreunionswithextendedfamily.___38___Sometimesyoumightfeelsadwhenyoueatfoodsthatremindyouoflovedonesyoumiss.Wemayalsoavoidfoodsthatweassociatewithbadexperiences.Ihaven’teatencottagecheesesinceIwas8yearsold,becauseitwasthelastthingIatebeforerollingoffthebedwithaterriblestomachache.Inadditiontopastmemories,thecontextinwhichweeatfoodsmatters,too.___39___Andourgustatory(味觉的)experiencescanbeheightenedby“asenseofmunity,asenseofwarmthandenjoyingittogether”.Iappreciatemymum’spotatoesevenmoretodaywhenIeatthemwithmyhusbandandtwochildren.A.Foodisessentialforoursurvival.B.Theseassociationscangotheotherway,too.C.Wedesirefortfoodswhenwefeellonely.D.Itshapeshowmuchweenjoytheminthemoment.E.Theirtasteandnutritionalcontentaffecthowwefeel.F.Ourmemoryforsmellcanbelonglastingandprecise.G.Afterall,differentcultureshavedifferentfortfoods.第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。Smartphoneshavebeeabigpartofpeople’slives.Whenwetemporarilycan’tfindthem,itcausesafeelingofanxietyorpanic.Somepsychologistshavecalledit“nomophobia”.Thankfully,Irodethroughthewithdrawalofmysmartphoneanditwasshortlived.WhenIgotmyfirstsmartphoneoveradecadeago,Ilovedit.Itgavemeinstantaccesstomymusic,aworldofinformationandthousandsofphotosandvideos.Butovertime,Ibecameincreasinglyambivalentaboutitsroleinmylife.Iwouldrepeatedlyrefreshmyemail,shoponlineforstuffIdidn’tneedandconstantlyscrollthroughthelatestnews.I’doftenplaintomyhusbandandtomysevenyearoldson,Louis,thatIfelttrappedbyit.Then,onedaylastsummer,whileIwasplayingwithLouis,Iwasonceagaindistractedbydingsandpings.Hefinallyremindedmeofmyplaints,butrephrasedthemasaplea:“Mommy,justgiveitupalready!”Idecidedtotry.Insteadofgoingcoldturkey—nocellphoneatall—Iboughtaflipphone.Withnotouchscreen,textingistimeconsuming.Once,whiletryingtocatchupontextswithafriend,Ifinallygotfrustratedandcalledher.IrealizedIhadn’tspokentohersinceherbigmove.Itmadeadifferencetohearboththeexcitementinhervoiceasshedescribedseeingthenorthernlightsandhersadnessinbeingawayfroma