2020年高三英语一轮复习备战202104-名词和冠词-专题训练

备战2021高三英语一轮复习专题训练04名词和冠词一、单项选择1.〔2021·泰州模拟〕Thepunishmentacriminaldeservesshouldbeinproportiontothe________oftheoffence.A.

gravity

B.

division

C.

analysis

D.

composition【答案】A【解析】句意：罪犯应该受到的惩罚应该与罪行的严重程度成比例。A：gravity“重力，严重性〞；B：division“分开，分配〞；C：analysis“分析〞；D：composition

“作文，组成〞。应选A。【点评】考查名词辨析，区分gravity；division；nalysis和composition的含义。2.〔2021·如皋模拟〕Iagreewithwhatyousayin______,butdifferonpointsofdetail.A.

appearance

B.

conscience

C.

existence

D.

substance【答案】D【解析】句意：本质上我同意你所说的话，但在细节上，我和你还是有些分歧。A：appearance“外貌，出现〞；B：conscience“良心〞；C：existence“存在〞；D：substance

“实质，本质〞。insubstance固定短语，“实质上，根本上，事实上〞。应选D。【点评】考查名词辨析，区分

appearance；

conscience；

existence和

substance的含义以及固定短语insubstance。3.〔2021·海安模拟〕Therehavebeenwidelydiffering________inthenewspapersabouttheexplosionofthechemicalworks.A.

revisions

B.

versions

C.

dimensions

D.

editions【答案】B【解析】句意：关于化工厂爆炸的报道，报纸上有许多不同的版本。A：revisions“校订，复习〞；B：versions“版本〞；C：dimensions“规模，大小〞；D：editions“刊本〞。应选B。【点评】考查名词辨析，区分

revision；

version；

dimension和

edition的含义。4.〔2021·江苏〕Thehealthsecuritysystemsofmanycountriesareundergoingconsiderable______.A.

reservation

B.

transformation

C.

distinction

D.

submission【答案】B【解析】句意：许多国家的卫生平安系统正在经历重大变革。A.reservation“预订〞；B.transformation“改革，变革〞；C.distinction“区别〞；D.submission“提交〞。根据Thehealthsecuritysystems可知，此处指“卫生平安系统的变革〞。应选B。【点评】考查名词词义辨析，区分

reservation；

transformation；

distinction和

submission的含义。5.〔2021高一下·大庆期中〕Allbadthingsmustcometo________end,________terribleanexperienceis.A.

the;whatever

B.

an;however

C.

/;how

D.

a;what【答案】B【解析】句意：所有的坏事都会结束，无论经历多么可怕。cometoanend固定短语，“结束〞；第二空引导的是让步状语从句，根据空后的形容词terrible，可知用however，应选B。【点评】考查冠词和状语从句，此题涉及however引导的让步状语从句以及固定短语cometoanend。二、单句填空1.(2021·广东深圳中学月考)Withoutthepropertreatment,minor(injury)orburnscouldleadtomoresufferingandevenlossoflives.

【答案与解析】injuriesinjury为可数名词,且形容词minor前没有不定冠词,故用injury的复数形式injuries。2.(2021·山东青岛模拟)TheywerethekindthatIdidnothaveinmy(collect)soIplacedthemcarefullyinmybag.

【答案与解析】collection形容词性物主代词后接名词,故填collection。3.(2021·重庆永川诊断)Threemonthslater,Tomwasabletocommunicatehappilywithallhisclassmatesaboutregularthingslikehomeworkand(game).

【答案与解析】gamesgame为可数名词,在本句中表示泛指,故用其复数形式。4.(2021·合肥一中质量检测)Forsustainabledevelopment,thegovernmenthasdecidedtogive(prefer)tothoseenergy-conservingandenvironment-friendlybusinessesinmanyaspects.

【答案与解析】preferencegivepreferenceto...“给……以优惠〞,为固定搭配。5.(2021·江西红色七校联考)Asheapproachedthebridge,thesoundgotlouderandthenhesawpitifulsight.

【答案与解析】a设空处后的名词sight作“景象;情景〞讲时,为可数名词,在本句中表泛指,故与不定冠词连用。6.(2021·山东师大附中月考)Recentlywhenhetooklookathiscollectionofbooks,hediscoveredtheoldbookborrowed61yearsago.

【答案与解析】atakealookat为固定短语,意为“看一看〞。7.(2021·海南中学月考)Butaparentofanotherchildcameupwithevenbetteridea—gettingthewholeclasstolearnsignlanguagealongwithJohn.

【答案与解析】anidea为可数名词,在句中表泛指,且even以元音音素开头,故填an。8.(2021·芜湖、马鞍山质检)Mostseriously,relyingonsmartphonestomakefriendsdoesnotgiveussameadvantageasmakingnewfriendsintherealworld.

【答案与解析】the此处为固定搭配,thesame...as...意为“与……一样的……〞。9.(2021·江西师大附中、鹰潭一中联考)Foryourgenerationtoliveinbetterworld,thereissomuchmoreourgenerationcando.

【答案与解析】a此处指“一个更好的世界〞,“a+比拟级+名词〞意为“一个更……的……〞。10.(2021·福建漳州质检)ZhangzhouCityhasgainedagood(repute)forhavingsuccessfullyhostedtheFlowerExpo.

【答案与解析】reputation由空前的冠词a可知,此处应用名词单数形式,故填reputation。三、单句改错1.(2021·福建南平质检)Oftenshebuyssometoyforhimtoplaywith,especiallyonhisbirthday.【答案与解析】toy→toyssome意为“一些〞,故将后面的可数名词toy改为复数形式。2.(2021·银川一中月考)Duringthenextfewdays,wevisitedtheworld-famoussight,suchastheGreatWall,theSummerPalace,andtheForbiddenCity,whichcontainalargenumberofprecioustreasures.【答案与解析】sight→sights根据suchastheGreatWall,theSummerPalace,andtheForbiddenCity可知,此处要将sight改为sights。3.(2021·河北邯郸模拟)IntheSpringFestival,myfamilyandIwenttoBeijingandhaddifferentholiday.【答案与解析】different前加ahaveaholiday为固定短语,意为“度假〞。4.(2021·武汉外国语学校月考)IwaswalkingtoschoolthismorningwhenIcaughtasightofanoldwomanwithawalkingstic