选择性Unit1词汇讲解3

选修性必修一Unit1PeopleofAchievementⅠ.重点词汇1.vitaladj.必不可少的;极其重要的;充满生机的【教材原句】Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andisthoughttosave100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.(P2)青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分,被认为仅在非洲一年就能挽救10万人的生命。【词块必记】bevitalto/for...对……极其重要Itisvitaltodosth. 做某事很重要It’svitalthat... ……

极为重要【知识微练】单句语法填空①Tourismisvital_____theSpanisheconomy.②Itisvital____weshouldbekeptinformedofalldevelopments.完成句子③Confrontedwithsucha__________________________,helookedascoolasacucumber.

面对着这样重大的生死问题,他的神态却异常冷静。④Thegovernmentsaw_____________________________________.

政府认为引进新技术至关重要。for/tothatvitalproblemoflifeanddeaththeintroductionofnewtechnologyasvital2.commitvt.承诺;保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)【教材原句】TuYouyou,acommittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China,on30December1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.(P2)屠呦呦是一位坚定而耐心的科学家,1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波,1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。【词块必记】(1)commitoneselfto(doing)sth.承诺(做)某事commitacrime/amistake 犯罪/犯错误commit...to... 投入……于……(2)committedadj.尽心尽力的,坚定的;坚信的becommittedto(doing)sth. 承诺(做)某事(3)commitment n.投入;奉献;承诺;保证makeacommitmentto(doing)sth.承诺(做)某事【知识微练】单句语法填空①He__________(commit)suicide(自杀)ratherthansellouttotheenemy.②Hedidn’tcommithimself__anything.③Theycommittedacrime___innocentcitizens.④Hecommitted_______(he)todoingitimmediately.⑤Theyrequireabigger___________(commit)thansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.committedtoonhimselfcommitment3.acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等);(公开)感谢【典型例句】Wehopeyoucanacknowledgeyourmistakeinpublic.我们希望你能当众认错。【词块必记】acknowledgehavingdonesth.承认做了某事acknowledgethat承认……

acknowledgetobe 认为是……Itisgenerally/widelyacknowledgedthat...普遍认为……acknowledgeone’sbelief/fault 承认信仰/错误【知识微练】单句语法填空①Atthemeetingthey_____________(acknowledge)theneedforreform.②Wearesendingyousomemoneyin________________(acknowledge)ofyourvaluablehelp.③Itiswidelyacknowledged____nearlyeverykidmightcomeacrosssomekindofschoolbullying,however,theageatwhichkidsfirstfallvictimtobullyingcaninfluencehowstronglytheyareaffected.acknowledgedacknowledgementthatⅡ.核心短语4.cometopower(开始)掌权;上台【教材原句】Circumstanceschangedin1933,whenHitlercametopowerinGermany.Einstein,whowasJewish,foundthedoorsofacademicinstitutionsclosedtohim.(P8)1933年,希特勒在德国上台后,情况发生了变化。爱因斯坦是犹太人,他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。【词块必记】havepowerover控制,支配havenopowerover 没有支配权beyondone’spower 某人力所不及【易混辨析】power泛指“力”,可指身体的或心理的,外在的或潜在的,具体的或抽象的。force指“武力;暴力”,往往意味着克服阻力。strength意为“力量;力气”,多指人体或物体内存的能力。【知识微练】

单句语法填空①It’s_______hispowermeanshehasnopowertodoit.②Hehaspower____manypeople’slivesandproperty.完成句子③Someanimals_____________toseeinthedark.

有些动物具有在黑暗中看见东西的本领。④Youmust________toopenthatbottle.

你必须用力打开那个瓶子。beyondoverhavethepoweruseforceⅢ.经典句式5.Thisyear’sNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinehasbeenawardedtoTuYouyou(co-winner),whoseresearchledtothediscoveryofartemisinin,acrucialnewtreatmentformalaria.今年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了屠呦呦(共同获奖者),她的研究促使了青蒿素的发现。这是一种至关重要的治疗疟疾的新疗法。

【典型例句】Later,themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostofwhomrecovered.后来,这种药物在疟疾患者身上进行了测试,大部分受试患者都康复了。【句型公式】非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容,或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分开,常常单独翻译。没有它,主句意思仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as,which,who,whom,whose等,作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。【误区释疑】非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导,由“介词+关系代词”引导时,其中的关系代词不能用as,非限制性定语从句置于句首时,不能用which引导。关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活,可以放在主句前,也可以放在主句后。【知识微练】单句语法填空①Ilikethebook,______wasboughtyesterday.②Heboughtthecarformorethan$20,000____whichhisfatherwasangry.③DoyouknowTom,______wetalkedabout?④Thedrama,______styleishumorous,istypicaloftheperiod.完成句子⑤Sheheardaterriblenoise,___________________________________.

她听到一个可怕的声音,这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。whichwithwhomwhosewhichbroughtherheartintohermouth【补充要点】1.crucialadj.至关重要的;关键性的【典型例句】Herworkhasbeencrucialtotheproject’ssuccess.她的工作对项目的成功至关重要。【词块必记】becrucialto/for...对……至关重要playacrucialpartin/rolein... 在……中起至关重要的作用【知识微练】完成句子①Myfathercrackeddownonhim______________(关键时刻)inhislife.

②Toourminds,capitalconstructionisafundamentaltask___________________________.

在我们看来,基本建设是百年大计。③Money___________________(在……中起着关键性的作用)theadministrationanddevelopmentoflibraries.

atacrucialtimecrucialforgenerationstocomeplaysacrucialrolein2.defeatn.失败;挫败vt.击败;战胜【教材原句】However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.(P2)然而,屠呦呦并不承认失败。【词块必记】sufferadefeat遭受失败acknowledgedefeat 承认失败【误区释疑】beat与defeat都是“战胜,打败”的意思,它们的宾语必须是人或一个集体;但defeat尤其指在战场上打败敌人,beat多指在游戏比赛中战胜对方。现在英语中也经常换用。【知识微练】单句语法填空①Hewasdepressed___hisdefeat.②Thenavalcaptain________(defeat)NapoleoninthebattleofTrafalgarin1805,andstoppedhimfrominvadingEngland.③Itwasasoundstrategy________(defeat)theenemy.

完成句子④____________________________totheenemy.

这次失败是对敌人的有力打击。bydefeatedtodefeatThisdefeatwasapowerfulblow3.insiston坚决要求【教材原句】TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsisted

ontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.(P3)屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物,以确保它是安全的。【词块必记】insistondoingsth.坚持做某事persistin(doing)sth. 坚持(做)某事keepupsth. 坚持standonsth. 坚持stickto(doing)sth. 坚持(做)某事【误区释疑】insist接that从句,用“(should+)动词原形”只表示坚持要,是一种建议。如果表示坚持说,坚持认为某个事实,则不用虚拟形式。【知识微练】单句语法填空①Heinsisted___hiscorrectness.②Heinsistedon________(check)everyitem.③Reportershouldstick__investigatingthefacts.oncheckingto4.takeupaposition担任;任职【典型例句】Helefttotake

upa

new

positionwithanothercompany.他离职后在另一家公司谋得了一个新职位。【词块必记】takeup占用(空间或时间);开始从事;接受takein 接受;吸收;理解;注意到;欺骗takeon 披上;呈现;具有;雇用;承担takeover 接收;接管takeoff 拿掉;取消;脱衣;起飞takeafter(面貌、言行)像(长辈)【知识微练】单句语法填空①Excusemefortaking___somuchofyourtime.②Lawwillprotectthegirltaken__andsoldbytheabductor.③He’sspokentoapublishingcompany.They’regoingtotakehim___.④Ourchairmanhasleft,soPeterwilltake____hisjob.完成句子⑤He’sgoingouttoKoreasoonto__________________________.

他很快就要到朝鲜去担任一个重要职务。⑥He___________________withoutanyhesitation.

他毫不犹豫地接受了这个挑战。upinoverontakeupanimportantpositiontookupthechallenge5.Theythentriedboilingfreshwormwood,andusingtheliquidobtainedfromthistotreatmalaria,butthisdidnotworkeither.然后,他们试着把新鲜的青蒿煮沸,并用从中提取的液体来治疗疟疾,但这也不起作用。

【典型例句】

Itried

gardeningbutdidn’tsucceed.我试着种果木花卉,但未成功。【句型公式】(1)trytodo试图做→trydoing试着做(2)meantodo打算做→meandoing意味着(3)regrettodo为将要说的话或做的事表示遗憾→regretdoing为做过的事表示遗憾(4)forgettodo忘记去做→forgetdoing忘记做过(5)remembertodo记得要做某事→rememberdoing记得做过某事(6)stoptodo停下来做(另一件事)→stopdoing停止做某事(7)goontodo接着做(另一件事情)→goondoing继续做同一件事情【知识微练】完成句子①Toraisewagemeans_________________________.

增加工资意味着增加购买力。②I’lltry__________sothathewon’tbedisappointedinme.

我要努力做得更好,免得他对我失望。③Childrenshouldtry__________bythemselves.

孩子们应该试着自己吃食物。increasingpurchasingpowertodobettereatingfood附1：1.话题词汇(1)age,birthdayandbirthplace(个人概况、教育等):bebornin...(地点)on...(时间)attheageof;bebornpoor...leada...life(2)character(性格特征):confident;sociable(爱社交的,外向的);bewillingtohelp(乐于助人);capable(有能力的);warm-hearted(热心肠的);charming(有吸引力的);determined(有毅力的)(3)educationbackground(教育背景):beadmittedto...(考取……)graduatefrom...(从……毕业)getamaster’s/doctor’sdegree(获取学士、博士学位)(4)bigeventsinhis/herlife(生平经历):serveas...bedevotedto...haveagiftfor...(5)evaluation(评价)famousathomeandabroad(国内外著名的)makegreatprogressin(在……取得很大进步);gainthefirstprize(获得一等奖);setagoodexample(树立好榜样);thinkhighlyof(高度赞扬);behonoredas(被授予);makegreatcontributionsto(为……做出巨大贡献)2.话题句式(1)概况部分可用非谓语/同位语结构,使文章简洁、通顺①Bornin...on...,...isa...②...,thesonofa...,wasborn...(2)外貌、性格,可用介词短语或非谓语动词作定语①...isa...withthickeyebrows...②acollectionofChineseherbsincludingover2,000herbs...

(3)生平经历可用复合句,倒装,非限制性定语从句,润色文章①Notonlyis...butalsohe...②...setanewrecord...,which...(4)评价可用一些动词、形容词等词块、短语①berememberedas...②beconsideredtobe...

3.话题实践Ⅰ.语用功能表达用于争取思考时间的用语:So...那么……Really?真的?Right./Sure.对/确定是。Well,er,...呃……Well,Iguess.好吧,我猜是的。Yousee/know.你知道。Justamoment.请稍等。Hangonasecond.请稍等。Bytheway...顺便问一下……Anyway...总之……Well,letmesee...嗯,让我想想……Infact(Asamatteroffact)...事实上……AsfarasIknow...据我所知……Thatistosay...那就是说……Forexa