串讲04定语从句用法讲解高二英语下学期期末考点大串讲（译林版2020）

Sheisagirl.Sheispretty.Heisaboy.Heishandsome.

Sheisaprettygirl.Heisahandsomeboy.什么是定语？——修饰名词或代词的词语或短语1定义1.什么是定语从句？2.先行词：3.定语从句的位置：4.引导词：引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。﹙1﹚关系代词：﹙2﹚关系副词：在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。that/who/whom/whose/whichwhen/where/why2概念关系代词（who,whom,which,that,whose）的指代关系指人指物在定语从句中的作用WhoWhomWhichthatwhose√√√√√√√主语

宾语宾语主语

宾语主语

宾语定语关系副词的指代关系指地点指原因指时间在定语从句中的作用wherewhenwhy√√时间状语地点状语介词+which原因状语√Grammar1限制性定语从句RestrictiveAttributiveClauseRoadtoGrammar一、限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对先行项（先行词）进行限定或修饰，由关系代词或关系副词引导。主句和从句不用逗号隔开。 TheboywhoiswearingablackcoatboughtaniPodyesterday.限制性定语从句修饰theboy先行词关系词『』1定义（一）限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法a.Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.b.Theman(whom/who)InoddedtoisMr.Li.c.Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.d.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.e.Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有：who(人),whom(人),which(物),that(人/物),whose(人/物),在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略作主语作定语用法1①Iliketheway(inwhich/that)yousmile.②Idon'tliketheway(inwhich/that)he'slookingatme.③Thisistheway(inwhich/that)we'vealwaysdoneit.当先行词是way且在从句中表示“以……方式”时，常由that或inwhich引导定语从句，引导词也可以省略。①Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.②Didyouhaveanything(that)youwanttosayforyourself?(1)先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much,none,some等不定代词时。that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，

但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用which。用that而不用which的情况①Thisistheverybus(that)I'mwaitingfor.②Theonlything(that)wecandois(to)giveyousomemoney.③I'vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine.(2)先行词被theonly,thevery(恰恰，正好),thesame,thelast,all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词或最高级修饰时。①ThistrainisthelastthatwillgotoSuzhou.②Thisisthefirstbook(that)hehasread.③Thisisthemostinterestingfilm(that)I'veseen.Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。(5)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。①Whichisthebikethatyoulost?②Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?(6)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，则另一个用that。Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.（二）限制性定语从句中关系副词的用法关系副词（when,where,why）引导定语从句时，既引导定语从句，又在定语从句中充当状语。关系副词可转化为介词+关系代词(which)结构。a.Hetoldmethedatewhen(onwhich)hejoinedtheParty.b.Thehotelistheonewhere(atwhich)Istayedlastmonth.c.Iknowthereasonwhy(forwhich)shewassoangry.作时间状语作地点状语作原因状语2用法Grammar2非限制性定语从句Non-restrictiveAttributiveClauseRoadtoGrammar非限制性定语从句Water,whichisaliquid,hasmanyuses.非限制性定语从句对water补充说明先行词关系词『』非限制性定语从句对先行项进行补充说明，由关系代词或关系副词引导。主语和从句用逗号隔开。1定义（一）非限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法非限制性定语从句由which,who,whom,whose等关系代词引导。a.Peter,whohadbeendrivingallday,suggestedstoppingatthenexttown.b.Iwanttobuyadictionary,whichisvaluabletomylearning.c.Mybrother,whom/whoyoumettheotherday,hasgoneabroad.d.Mrs.Gray,

whose

childrenareincollege,istryingtogetajob.

2用法（二）非限制性定语从句中关系副词的用法非限制性定语从句中，可用关系副词when,where引导。a.HewillputoffthepicnicuntilMay1st,whenhewillbefree.b.YesterdayIwenttothedepartmentstore,whereImetmyteacher.用法2“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的注意事项1.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，关系代词常用whom或which，且不能省略。a.ImetanoldfriendfromwhomIhadpartedformanyyears.b.Itwasacrisisforwhichshewastotallyunprepared.c.Theywerebadlyhurtintheearthquake,becauseofwhichtheydidn'tgotoschool.d.Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.3介词+关系代词的注意事项三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的注意事项2.介词of+whom/which可替换由whose引导定语从句。a.Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.=Thisisthescientist,theachievementofwhomarewellknown.b.Thisisthehousewhosewindowbrokelastnight.=Thisisthehouse,thewindowofwhichbrokelastnight.3介词+关系代词的注意事项三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的注意事项3.当定语从句中的谓语动词是固定搭配不可分割时，介词不可提前。a.ThisisthepenwhichI’mlookingfor.b.Thisistheprogramwhichhelistenedto.常见搭配有：listento/lookat/dependon/lookfor/payattentionto/takecareof/lookafter/takepartin/makeuseof/catchupwith/getalongwith/hearof/lookforwardto等。介词+关系代词的注意事项3三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的注意事项4.“名词/代词/数词/表示整体或部分概念的词+介词+关系代词（which/whom）”结构可引出定语从句。a.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostofwhichhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.b.Thefootballteamhas15members,theoldestofwhomis25yearsold.c.Herearetwopairsofsocks,eitherofwhichyoumaychoose.3介词+关系代词的注意事项1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系

Isthatthenewspaper___whichyouoftenwritearticles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配Canyouexplaintomehowtousetheseidioms_____whichI'mnotsure?3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯1949wastheyear___whichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.foraboutin关系代词前介词(介词＋which)的确定限：thesame...so/such...as..as(表同类)...

that（表同一个）...asissaid/ashasbeensaidbefore/asmentionedbefore

asisreported

asweallknow/asisknowntousall

asisoftenthecase

assb.putit

asaproverbgoes

asoftenhappens

asisshowninthechart

asanybodycansee

asisexpected

assb.pointsout非限：4as的用法1.［全国甲2023·63］Yet，theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,_______RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow.”as

【解析】句意为：然而，正如蕾切尔·卡森在《明日的寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。assb.says为固定句型，意为“正如某人所说”，as在此处引导非限制性定语从句故填as。高考实战2.［全国甲2023·64改编］“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica_______alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco-existencewithitssurroundings,”herfablebegins,borrowingsomefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.as

【解析】句意为：“从前在美国的中心有一个小镇，那里的万物似乎全都与其四周的环境和平共处，”她的寓言是这样开头的，并且从许多古老的寓言中借用了一些熟悉的词语。分析句子结构可知，设空处前后都是完整的句子；设空处后的句子修饰限制前面的town，应是定语从句，先行词town指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。高考实战3.Southbank,ataneasternbendintheThames,isthecenterofBritishskateboarding,_______thecontinuouscrashingofskateboardsleftyourheadringing

（2021年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇）where

解析：整句的谓语是is，ataneasternbendintheThames是后置定语，修饰主语Southbank;空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主语Southbank，并在从句中作地点状语，故填where。高考实战4.［全国新高考I2022·65］TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies___________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.that

【解析】句意为：大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫分布区的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词为species，指物，且前面有all修饰。故填that。5.Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,from___studentscanchooseforfree. [2020江苏卷]