Unit 10 You're supposed to shake hands.-【同步拓展阅读】2023-2024学年九年级全册英语（人教版）（解析版）

第页Unit10You’resupposedtoshakehands.

必备知识1.relaxed,value,capital,noon,mad,effort,dropby,afterall,getmad,2.berelaxedabout,inourdailylives,dropby,afterall,gosomewhere3.a.WhereI'mfrom,we'reprettyrelaxedabouttime.b.Wevaluethetimewespendwithourfamilyandfriendsinoureverydaylives.c.IalwaysleavethehouseearlytoavoidheavytrafficbecauseIthinkit'simpolitetokeepotherswaiting.4.通过“应该”与“不应该”进一步了解一些国家的礼仪和对时间的看法，加强对中国文化的理解。关键能力1.通过限时快速阅读，了解文章大意和中心。（学习理解）2.通过慢速扫读，获取有关ColombiaandSwitzerland习俗的具体细节信息。（学习理解）3.通过分析文章结构，能够完成3b表格。（应用实践）4.学生能知识不同国家的不同文化。（迁移创新）学科素养1.Studentswillbeabletoshowtheirideasandtalkabouttheconsequences.(表达自身观点并讨论结果)2.Studentscanknowthedifferentcultureofdifferentcountries.（学生能知识不同国家的不同文化）核心价值1.Studentswillbeabletoshowtheirideasandtalkabouttheconsequences.(表达自身观点并讨论结果)2.Studentscanknowthedifferentcultureofdifferentcountries.（学生能知识不同国家的不同文化）3..通过“应该”与“不应该”进一步了解一些国家的礼仪和对时间的看法，加强对中国文化的理解。引言解读1.“Customsaremorethanlaws.”-BenjaminFranklin“习俗比法律更有约束力。”——本杰明•富兰克林【来源】这条名言出自本杰明·富兰克林（BenjaminFranklin），他是一位美国的政治家、外交家、作家、科学家和发明家。他的这句名言“Customsaremorethanlaws.”强调了习俗在社会中的重要性。【启示】虽然法律是社会规范的一种形式，但是习俗在某些情况下比法律更有约束力。这是因为习俗是人们在日常生活中形成的共同行为模式，它们反映了社会的传统、习惯和文化。当一个社会中的习俗被广泛接受和遵守时，它们可以成为控制人们行为的有效手段，甚至在某些情况下比法律更具有约束力。2.“Customisasecondnature.”-Jean-JacquesRousseau“习俗是人的第二天性。”——让-雅克•卢梭【来源】他是18世纪的法国哲学家、政治家、教育家和文学家。他的这句名言“Customisasecondnature.”强调了习俗对人类行为和性格的影响。【启示】习俗对人类的行为和思想有着巨大的影响，它们可以像第二自然一样塑造我们的性格和行为。卢梭认为，习俗是人类在长期的社会生活中形成的习惯和传统，它们塑造了我们的思想和行为模式，并使我们在不知不觉中遵循它们。名句积累11.“Customisthegreatguideofhumanlife.”-ThomasJefferson习俗是人类生活的伟大向导。——托马斯•杰斐逊2.“Customsisthemostpowerfulmasterofall.”JohnLocke习俗是所有事物中最强大的主宰。——约翰•洛克3.“Customsarelikefashions,easilycaughtanddifficulttoshakeoff.”CarlSandburg习俗就像时尚，很容易被感染，却难以摆脱。——卡尔•桑德堡4.Mannersarethelubricationofsociety.EdwardGibbon礼仪是社会生活的润滑剂。——爱德华·吉本5.Politenessistheartofgettingalongintheworld.JesseJackson礼貌是为人处世的艺术。——杰西·杰克逊主题探究本单元话题为“TwoopinionsofaColombianandaSwissstudent”围绕“以迟到十五分钟吃饭在哪一个国家可以”为话题,引导出不同国家的人对于守时的不同态度，在哥伦比亚，人们不喜欢匆忙，人们也不介意迟一点，而在瑞士，人们必须要守时，事先必须有约定，反映出不同的国家有不同的生活方式和不同礼仪文化。语篇品读Onceuponatime,therewasalittleChineseboynamedLiLeiwhodecidedtotraveltoFrancewithhisfamily.Hewasveryexcitedaboutthisnewadventure,buthedidn'tknowmuchaboutFrenchcustoms.WhentheyarrivedinFrance,LiLeiwasoverwhelmedbythedifferentcultureandtraditions.Everythingwasnewandstrangetohim,buthewantedtofitinandmakefriendswiththeotherkidsinhisschool.Oneday,LiLeiwasinvitedtoabirthdaypartyatafriend'shouse.Hewasnervousbecausehedidn'tknowwhattoexpect,buthewasalsoexcitedtoexperienceanewculture.Whenhearrivedattheparty,hesawthatalltheotherkidswerehuggingandkissingeachotherhello.Hedidn'tknowwhattodo,sohejuststoodthereawkwardly.Finally,hedecidedtojustgowiththeflowandhuggedandkissedeveryonearoundhim.Laterthatnight,LiLeirealizedthatinFrance,peoplekisseachotheronthecheekasagreeting,butinChina,thisisnotthecase.Hefeltembarrassedthathehadkissedallhisnewfriends,buttheywereactuallyveryacceptingandkindtohim.LiLeilearnedavaluablelessonthatday:it'simportanttounderstandandrespectdifferentculturesandcustoms.Now,heismoreopen-mindedandwillingtotrynewthings,whichhashelpedhimmakemanynewfriendsinFrance.全文翻译从前，有个叫李雷的中国小男孩，他决定和家人一起去法国旅行。他对这次新的冒险感到非常兴奋，但他对法国的风俗不太了解。当他们到达法国时，李磊被不同的文化和传统所淹没。对他来说，一切都是新的和陌生的，但他想融入学校，和其他孩子交朋友。一天，李磊应邀去朋友家参加生日聚会。他很紧张，因为他不知道会发生什么，但他也很高兴能体验一种新的文化。当他到达聚会时，他看到所有其他孩子都在互相拥抱和亲吻问候。他不知道该怎么办，所以他只是尴尬地站在那里。最后，他决定随大流，拥抱并亲吻他周围的每个人。那天晚上晚些时候，李磊意识到在法国，人们会亲吻对方的脸颊作为问候，但在中国不是这样。他感到尴尬的是，他亲吻了他的所有新朋友，但他们实际上对他非常接受和友善。李磊那天学到了宝贵的一课：理解和尊重不同的文化和习俗很重要。现在，他更加开放，愿意尝试新事物，这帮助他在法国结交了许多新朋友。词汇积累1.adventure冒险2.overwhelm淹没3.awkwardly尴尬地4.embarrassed尴尬地5.valuable有价值的6.open-minded思想开放的题源探究语篇品读HowtoGreetPeopleinJapanReviewedbyTamiClaytorLastUpdated:March12,2023/Greet-People-in-JapanTravelisawonderfulthing,butlearningnewcustomscanbetricky.Afriendlygestureinonecountrycanbeoutrighthostileinanother,soknowingyourwayaroundbasicgreetingsisamust.IfyouaretravelingtoJapan,knowinghowtogreetothersisakeyskill.Fortunately,thereareafewwaysyoucangreet,rangingfromtheextremelyformaltothemoreinformal.Part1Method1GreetingFormally1Maintaindistance.Donotstepinforahandshake,ahug,orevenafriendlyclapontheback.Instead,maintainarespectfuldistanceofseveralfeet.Japaneseculturevaluesspaceandprivacy,somakesureyourbodylanguagereflectsthesevalues.Keepingtwoorthreefeetbetweenyouandsomeoneelseisagoodruleofthumb.Ifyouarefurtheraway,speakingandinteractingmayproveawkwardordifficult.2Berespectful.Speakdistinctlybutquietly,stayoffofyourcellphoneinpublicspaces,andallowyourhoststotaketheinitiative.Doingthesethingswilldemonstratetoyourfriends,hosts,orbusinesscolleaguesthatyouareadaptableandvaluetheirculturalnorms.Boisterousandaggressivebehaviorarebothconsidereddisrespectful.Bekindtoanyvendorsorservicepeopleyoucomeacross.3Keepyourgazelowered.Boldeyecontactisconsideredquiterude,sokeepyoureyesavertedwheneverpossible.Althoughyoudonothavetostareatyourfeet,trytowatchsomeone’smouthwhiletheytalk,ortheirchin.Avoidheavyeyecontact,asthiscanappearaggressiveandinappropriate.Practiceavoidingeyecontactinthemirrorbytalkingandwatchingyourmouth,orininteractionswithpeoplefromyourhome.ThisrulemaybelaxinsomeareasofJapan,oramongyoungercrowds.4Bowfromthewaisttoa45-degreeangle.Holdyourbowforbetweentwoandfiveseconds,keepingyourhandsnearyourhipsorthighs.Themorerespectyouwishtoconvey,thedeeperyourbowshouldbe.Youcanalsobowwithyourhandspressedtogethernearyourheart.5Shakehands,ifoffered.Althoughyoushouldneverinitiateahandshake,youcanacceptone.Touchingingeneralisconsideredsomewhattabooinaformalsituation,soahandshakeshouldonlybeengagedinifthepersontowhomyouarespeakingbeginsthecontact.6Provideyourbusinesscard.InJapaneseculture,exchangingbusinesscardsisanimportantaspectofcommunication.Toproperlyofferyourbusinesscard,extendyourcardwithbothhands,preferablywithJapanesewritingonthesideofthecardfacingyourcolleague.Toacceptacard,takethecardwithbothhandsandbowtoindicateyourappreciation.Businesscardsareexchangedfromthemostprestigiouspersontotheleast,sodonotofferyourbusinesscardbeforeyoursuperiorshave.全文翻译在日本如何与人打招呼评论者：

塔米·克莱托最后更新日期：2023年3月12日

旅行是一件美妙的事情，但学习新的习俗可能很棘手。在一个国家的友好姿态在另一个国家可能是彻底的敌意，所以了解基本的问候方式是必须的。如果您要去日本旅行，知道如何与他人打招呼是一项关键技能。幸运的是，打招呼的方式有很多种，从非常正式的到比较非正式的都有。方法一正式问候1保持距离。不要介入握手、拥抱，甚至友好地拍拍背。相反，请保持几英尺的尊重距离。日本文化重视空间和隐私，因此请确保您的肢体语言反映这些价值观。与他人保持两到三英尺的距离是一个很好的经验法则。如果你们距离较远，说话和互动可能会很尴尬或困难。2尊重。说话清晰但轻声，在公共场所不要使用手机，并让主人采取主动。做这些事情将向您的朋友、东道主或业务同事表明您具有适应能力并重视他们的文化规范。喧闹和攻击行为都被认为是不尊重的行为。善待您遇到的任何供应商或服务人员。3保持低垂的目光。大胆的目光接触被认为是非常粗鲁的，因此请尽可能避免目光接触。虽然你不必盯着自己的脚，但在别人说话时尝试观察他们的嘴巴或下巴。避免激烈的目光接触，因为这可能会显得咄咄逼人且不恰当。通过说话和注意自己的嘴巴，或者与家里的人互动，练习避免镜子中的目光接触。在日本的某些地区或年轻人群中，这一规定可能比较宽松。4从腰部鞠躬至45度角。鞠躬两到五秒钟，双手靠近臀部或大腿。你越想表达尊重，你的鞠躬就越深。您也可以双手合拢靠近心脏的位置鞠躬。5如果主动握手，请握手。尽管您不应该主动握手，但您可以接受握手。一般而言，在正式场合中，身体接触被视为禁忌，因此只有在与您交谈的人开始接触时才应握手。6提供您的名片。在日本文化中，交换名片是沟通的一个重要方面。为了正确地提供您的名片，请用双手伸出您的名片，最好在名片面向您同事的一侧写上日语。接受卡片时，请用双手接过卡片并鞠躬以示谢意。名片的交换顺序是从最有威望的人到最不重要的人，所以不要在上级之前提供你的名片。句式仿写1.每天大声朗读英语课文是提高英语能力的好方法之一。__________________________________________________________________【答案】ReadingEnglishtextsaloudeverydayisoneofthebestwayofimprovingti.2.回避交通拥堵，因为这可能给你带来一些麻烦。______________________________________________________________________【答案】Avoidheavytraffic,asthiscouldbringyousomeproblems.3.你越努力学习，你越会知道你懂的太少。______________________________________________________________________【答案】Themoreyoustudy,thelessyouknowyourknowledgeis.拓展阅读Passage1主题语境主题群话题词数建议用时推荐指数礼仪/习俗异国旅行的语言差异面对面与人交谈时，他理解起来完全没问题。然而，当他通过电话交谈时，他仍然有问题。Andy在法国旅行时24312min★★★★☆（2023河南周口市郸城投石大联考中考英语模拟三）AndywasstilltravellinginFrancewhenherealizedhehadtoconfirm（确认）hisflighthomewiththeairlinecompany.HewasvisitingFranceinorderto___1___hisFrench.Whenhewasspeakingtopeoplefacetoface，hehadno___2___understandingwhattheysaid.However，whenhewasspeakingonthe___3___，hestillhadaproblem.Andycalledtheairline.Andtheclerkwas___4___thathisplanewasleavingatnineo'clockin___5___daysfromthatday.ShealsotoldAndytobeattheairportalittle___6___inordertocheckinhisluggageandgetaseat.Sincehewas___7___inthreedays，Andydidn'tloseanytime.He___8___asmanyplacesashecould.Hethoughtthathewouldn'tbeabletocomebacktovisititagain___9___hehadenoughmoney.Too___10___，thefinaldayarrived.Andyleftearlyfortheairportbeforetheplane___11___.Hehatedtorush.Whenhewenttotheclerktoshowhisticket，theclerklookedattheticketin___12___."Why，sir，butyourflightwasatnineo'clockinthemorning，andnowitiseightintheevening.""ButIconfirmedmy___13___，"saidAndy."WillIhavetopayfor___14___ticket？""No，sir.However，thenextflightwillbeinthreedays.Andy's___15___ofshockturnedtosmileasherealizedthatnowhecouldgoonwithhisvacation.1.A.discuss B.choose C.improve D.express2.A.question B.difficulty C.interest D.explanation3.A.phone B.computer C.Internet D.email4.A.sure B.able C.clean D.true5.A.two B.three C.four D.five6.A.later B.earlier C.quieter D.closer7.A.expecting B.staring C.arriving D.leaving8.A.visited B.went C.came D.dropped.9.A.though B.if C.until D.as10.A.easily B.bravely C.quickly D.simply11.A.putoff B.gaveoff C.gotoff D.tookoff12.A.time B.silence C.surprise D.control13.A.trip B.flight C.train D.money14.A.theother B.others C.other D.another15.A.nose B.ear C.arm D.face【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.A5.B6.B7.D8.A9.C10.C11.D12.C13.B14.D15.D【解答】1.C考查动词。句意：他去法国是为了提高他的法语水平。A谈论；B选择；C提高；D表达。根据句意可知此处指提高法语水平。故选C。2.B考查名词。句意：当他面对面与人交谈时，他毫不费力地理解他们所说的。A问题；B困难；C兴趣；D解释。havedifficultydoing表示"做某事有困难"，固定短语。故选B。3.A考查名词。句意：然而，当他通过电话交谈时，他仍然有问题。A电话；B电脑；C网络；D邮件。根据Andycalledtheairline.（Andy给航空公司打电话。）可知此处指打电话。故选A。4.A考查形容词。句意：职员很确定的告诉他，他的飞机将在三天后的早上九点离开。A确定的；B能；C干净的；D真的。besure表示"确定"。故选A。5.B考查数词。句意：职员很确定的告诉他，他的飞机将在三天后的早上九点离开。A二；B三；C四；D五。根据inthreedays可知此处指三天。故选B。6.B考查比较级。句意：她也告诉他要提前到机场办理登机手续和选座位。A更晚的；B更早的；C更安静的；D更近的。根据句意可知此处早点到机场。故选B。7.D考查现在分词。句意：因为三天后他要离开，Andy没有浪费任何时间。A期待；B扮演；C到达；D离开。根据前后逻辑关系可知三天后他要离开。故选D。8.A考查动词。句意：他尽可能多地参观了许多地方。A参观；B去；C来；D掉落。根据Hethoughtthathewouldn'tbeabletocomebacktovisititagain（他认为他不会再来参观）可知此处用visit。故选A。9.C考查连词。句意：他认为他不会再来参观知道他有足够的钱。A尽管；B如果；C直到；D当时。根据句意可知此处指时间状语。故选C。10.C考查副词。句意：很快最后一天到了。A容易地；B勇敢地；C快速地；D仅仅。根据句意可知此处指时间过得快。故选C。11.D考查动词词组。句意：飞机起飞前Andy早早去机场。A推迟；B释放；C下车；D起飞。根据句意可知此处指飞机起飞。故选D。12.C考查名词。句意：当他去柜台出示机票时，职员看着机票惊讶地说。A时间；B沉默；C惊讶；D控制。根据Why，sir，butyourflightwasatnineo'clockinthemorning，andnowitiseightintheevening.（先生，您的航班是早上九点，现在已经晚上八点了.）可知此处职员表示惊讶。故选C。13.B考查名词。句意：但我确定了我的航班。A旅行；B航班；C火车；D钱。根据hehadtoconfirmhisflight可知此处为确定航班。故选B。14.D考查代词。句意：那我需要支付额外的机票费用吗？A两者中另一个；B其它的，后面不能接名词；C其它的，后面需接名词；D三者或以上中的另一个。根据单数ticket可知此处用another。故选D。15.D考查名词。句意：Andy脸上的震惊转为微笑，因为他意识到现在他可以继续他的假期了。A鼻子；B耳朵；C胳膊；D脸。根据句意可知此处指脸。故选D。Passage2主题语境主题群话题词数建议用时推荐指数礼仪/习俗生日礼仪的不同分别介绍越南、澳大利亚和挪威的生日习俗32210min★★★★☆（时文阅读）Asweallknow,atypicalDutchbirthdayusuallyseespeoplesittinginacircle,drinkingcoffee,eatingcakeandgenerallyhavingaveryhappytime.Let’sseehowpeopleelsewherecelebratetheirbirthdays.Manypeopleseetheirbirthdayastheirownspecialday,butnotinVietnam,whereeveryonecelebratestheirbirthdayonthesameday.ThisdayiscalledTếtNguyênĐán,orjustTETforshort.ItmarksthestartofspringandthestartofVietnameseNewYear.Peoplelikewearingbrightcolors,especiallyredandyellowbecausetheyarethoughttobringgoodluck.Peoplesetofffirecrackers(鞭炮),andperformliondances.FamiliescometogetherforalargemealoftraditionalVietnamesedishes.Parentsandrelativesgivechildren“LuckyMoney”inredenvelopestocongratulatethemonbecomingayearolder.ManyAustralianbirthdaypartiesarebarbecues(烧烤野餐)astheweathermostofthetimeisnotverycold.InAustralia,birthdaycakeissometimesreplacedwith“FairyBread”,whichisakindofbutteredbreadcutintocuteshapeswith“hundredsandthousands”ontop.Thesecolorfulsweetthingsmakethebreadlookaslovelyasitsounds.BeinggiventhekeytothehouseisconsideredanimportantsignofcomingofageinAustralia.Thistakesplacewhensomeoneturnstheageoftwenty-one.InNorway,thebirthdaychildstandsoutinfrontoftheirclassandchoosesafriendtosharealittledancewith,whiletherestoftheclasssingahappybirthdaysong.Mostbirthdaypartieshavechocolatecakewithchocolatefrostinganddishesofredgelatin(明胶)coveredwithvanillasauce.Atbirthdayparties,guestsmaygofishing,butnotforfish;theyplayagameknownas“FishingforIceCream”,whereeveryonepullsupafrozentreat(甜食)connectedtoapieceofstring.1.Whichcountrymaythewritercomefrom? A.Norway. B.Vietnam. C.Australia. D.TheNetherlands.2.WhatisspecialaboutVietnamesebirthdaycustoms? A.Chocolatecakeisamust. B.Thereisoftenabarbecue. C.Everyone’sbirthdayisonTET. D.EveryonegetsLuckyMoneyasagift.3.Theunderlinedpart“hundredsandthousands”means“______”. A.differentkindsofbutter B.deliciousstrawberryjam C.agreatnumberofcookies D.smallpiecesofcoloredsugar4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage? A.Apersoncomesofageat21inAustralia. B.FairyBreadisauniquefoodinVietnam. C.PeopleoftenwearredforgoodluckinNorway. D.FishingforIceCreamisplayedonaDutchbirthdayparty.【答案】1.D2.C3.D4.A【解析】1.D通读文章，作者提到了，荷兰、越南、澳大利亚和挪威，可以推测作者可能来自于“TheNetherlands”，因为“Dutch”与它同义。2.C在第二自然段中的“justTETforshort”可知。3.D根据句意，结合“akindofbutteredbreadcutintocuteshapes”和“colorfulsweetthings”可知，是带色彩的糖。4.A在第五自然中的“someoneturnstheageoftwenty-one.”可知。教材语篇梳理StrangeHappeningsinMyTownWhatisthetexttypeofthepassage?Descriptiontext(说明文)Whatisthecenterofdescription?Theattitudeaboutbeingontimeisdifferentindifferentcountries.InColombia,thepeopledon’tlikerush,theydon’tmindifpeoplearealittlelate.Theyvaluethetimetheyspendtimetheirfamilyandfriends.ButinSwitzerland,peoplethinkbeingontimeisveryimportant.Theythinkit’simpolitetokeepotherwaiting.MainideaofeachparagraphParagraph1:InColombia,thepeopledon’tlikerush,theydon’tmindifpeoplearealittlelate..Paragraph2:InSwitzerland,peoplethinkbeingontimeisveryimportant.Theythinkit’simpolitetokeepotherwaiting.MainideaofthetextTheattitudeabout1.______isdifferentindifferentcountries.InColombia,thepeopledon’tlike2.______,theydon’tmindifpeopleare3.______.They4.______theyspendtimetheirfamilyandfriends.Theyoften5.______theirfriends’homeiftheyhavetime.ButinSwitzerland,peoplethinkitis6.______tobeontime.Someoneinvitesyoutomeetyouatnoon.Ifyou’re15minuteslate,yourfriendmay7.______.Theynevervisitafriend’shousewithout8.______.【答案】1.beingontime2.rusharound3.alittlelate4.valuethetime5.dropby6.veryimportant7.getmad8.callingfirst课文语法填空TeresaLopezfromColombiasaysthatinher1.______(she)country,theyare2.______(relax)abouttime.Theydon’tmindifpeoplearealittlelateifyouinviteafriend3.______yourhousefordinner.Theyliketoenjoytheirtime4.______(slow).Theyoftenvisitfriendswithout5.______(make)plansfirst.Shealsosaysit’spolite6.______boystoshake7.______(hand)andforgirls8.______(kiss)eachotheronthesideoftheface.ButthethingsaboutcustomsinSwitzerlandareverydifferent.MarcLeBlancsaysit’sveryimportanttobeontimeforthem.Ifyouinviteyourfriendtomeet,youhavetobeontime.Ifyouare15minuteslate,yourfriendmaygetmad.It’simpolitetokeepothers9.______(wait).Theyalwaysmakeplanstoseefriends.TheyalsoplantodosomethinginterestingwhilethepeopleinColombiajustwalkaroundthetowncenter,10.______(see)asmanyoftheirfriendsastheycan.【答案】1.her2.relaxed3.to4.slowly5.making6.for7.hands8.tokiss9.waiting10.seeing阅读微技能1.ReviewingTakingnotesorsummarizingthemainideascanhelpyoumovelanguagefromyourshort-termtolong-termmenory.2.scanningandskimmingUsescanningtogetthedetailsfromthetextanduseskimmingtoknowthemainideaandthestructureofthepassage.Passage1主题语境主题群话题词数建议用时推荐指数礼仪/习俗传统美德介绍了儒家思想中的传统美德2747min★★★★☆（2023·江苏苏州）Confucianism(儒家思想)hasbeenfollowedbyChinesepeopleformorethantwothousandyears.Tohelppeopleunderstandhowtobehavetowardsothers,ConfucianismteachestheFiveConstants(五常).Theseareren,yi,li,zhiandxin.Theyaregeneralvirtues(美德)aroundtheworld.Themostimportanttwoarerenandli.Renisthefeelingofcareandloveweshouldhaveforothers.Confuciusexplainedrencouldbestbeunderstoodaslovingothers.Heisfamousforteachingpeople“Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers”.ItisquitesimilartowhatisknownintheWestastheGoldenRule(treatothersasyouwishtobetreated).Whilethemeaningofreniseasytounderstand,liisalittlehardertoexpress.Itcanbethoughtofasdutyorevenrespect.Generally,liisthewayweshouldconnectwithpeopleinoureverydaylife.InConfucianwritings,discussionsaboutliincludetheproperwaytodrinkteaandhowtorememberancestors(祖先).Whilerenismostlyaboutouropinionsandfeelings,liisabouthowweexpressouropinionsandfeelingstowardsothersandtowardstheworldaroundus.Perhapsthemostwell-knownConfucianvirtueisxiao.Thisisthedutychildrenhavetotheirparents.Xiaomeansloving,respecting,obeyingandtakingcareofone’sparentsintheiroldage.InConfucianism,xiaoisimportantforaharmonious(和谐的)society:Withoutit,thewholeworldwouldfallintoamess.105．WhicharethemostimportantoftheFiveConstants?A．Renandyi. B．Renandli. C．Liandxin. D．Yiandzhi.106．WhatisthebestChinesefortheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?A．博学于文，约之以礼。 B．学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。C．己所不欲，勿施于人。 D．君子和而不同，小人同而不和。107．Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofli?A．Buildingapeacefulsociety. B．Takingcareofone’schildren.C．Obeyingrulesfordrinkingtea. D．Learningallthroughone’slife.108．WhatdoesthepassagemainlytellusaboutConfucianism?A．Itsgeneralvirtues. B．Itslonghistory.C．Itsnewchallenges. D．Itsgoldenrules.【答案】105．B106．C107．C108．A【解析】105．细节理解题。根据“Themostimportanttwoarerenandli.”可知最重要的是仁和礼。故选B。106．词句猜测题。根据“ItisquitesimilartowhatisknownintheWestastheGoldenRule(treatothersasyouwishtobetreated)”可知，划线句子“Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers”和“按照你希望被对待的方式对待他人”意义相近，即己所不欲勿施于人。故选C。107．细节理解题。根据“discussionsaboutliincludetheproperwaytodrinkteaandhowtorememberancestors”可知关于礼的讨论包括正确的喝茶方式和如何缅怀祖先。故选C。108．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了儒家思想的传统美德。故选A。Passage2主题语境主题群话题词数建议用时推荐指数礼仪/习俗传统美德人们在日常生活中尊重老年人的例子，并讲述了尊重老年人是中华民族的一种传统美德。2797min★★★★☆（2023·山东滨州）ShowingrespectforseniorsDadshaveFather’sDay.MomshaveMother’sDay.KidshaveChildren’sDay.But,doourgrandparentshaveaspecialholiday?Yes,theydo!TheDoubleNinthFestivalisaspecialdayforelderlypeopleinChina.Thefestivalisontheninthdayoftheninthmonthofthelunarcalendar.AstheChinesewordforninehasthesamesoundasthewordforlong,peopletaketheDoubleNinthFestivaltoshowtheirwishesoflonglifeforelderlypeople.Therearemanytraditionsforthisfestival.Onthatday,familiesgettogetherandclimbmountainsforluckandinthehopethatelderlypeoplewilllivemuchlonger.Theyalsodrinkchrysanthemumwine(菊花酒)andwearaplantcalledzhuyutocelebrateit.Bothchrysanthemumandzhuyuareregardedascleanplantsthatcancleanhousesandcure(治疗)diseases.Respectingelderlypeopleisshownn