2022届安徽省亳州市第五中学高三上学期期中考试英语试题解析版

亳州五中2021-2022学年度第一学期高三年级期中考试英语试题第一局部：听力〔共两节，总分值30分〕第一节〔共5小题；每题分，总分值分〕听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来答复有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whenisthedoctoravailable?A.At9:30.B.At10:45.C.At11:00.2.Whatdoesthewomanprefertodo?A.Gotoamovie.B.WatchTV.C.Goshopping.3.Whyisthemangoingtothelibrary?A.Toborrowsomebooks.B.Toreturnsomebooks.C.Togethiskeysback.4.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Atapostoffice.B.Atabookingoffice.C.Atanairport.5.Whatdoesthemanthinkofhisnewcar?A.Disappointing.B.Perfect.C.Expensive.第二节〔共15小题；每题分，总分值分〕听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最正确选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每题5秒钟。听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，答复第6至7题。6.Whichmajordoesthemanprefer?A.Physics.B.Medicine.C.Law.7.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Plansforstudyingabroad.B.After-classactivities.C.Universitycourses.听第7段材料，答复第8至9题。8.Wherearethespeakers?A.Onthe2ndstreet.B.Onthe3rdstreet.C.Onthe15thstreet.9.HowwillthewomangototheNationalMuseum?A.Onfoot.B.Bybus.C.Bysubway.听第8段材料，答复第10至12题。10.Whatdifficultydidthemanhaveinstartinghisbusiness?A.Alackofexperience.B.Asmallsocialcircle.C.Alowstartasawaiter.11.Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Attendameeting.B.Findabetterjob.C.StudyEnglish.12.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Customerandwaiter.B.Bossandsecretary.C.Interviewerandinterviewee.听第9段材料，答复第13至16题。13.WhomightbeMr.Sellers?A.Adepartmenthead.B.Acompanydirector.C.Anapartmentowner.14.Howmanybedroomsarethereinthehouse?A.One.B.Two.C.Four.15.Whenshouldthewomanpayfortherent?A.Before9thpermonth.B.After10thpermonth.C.Before11thpermonth.16.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.Thekitchenisfullyequipped.B.Thebathroomhasawalk-incloset.C.Thewomanwillpay＄175permonth.听第10段材料，答复第17至20题。17.Howoldisthegroundwaterinthedeserts?A.400yearsold.B.10,000yearsold.C.800,000yearsold.18.Whatdopeoplethinkofthegroundwater?A.Expensive.B.Interesting.C.Helpful.19.WhatdoweknowaboutthegroundwaterinNamibia?A.Itisofhighquality.B.Itissweeterthananyotherwater.C.Itisonlygoodforfarming.20.Howdidpeoplecollectwaterbeforethegroundwaterwasfound?A.Fromtherain.B.Fromtwowells.C.Fromtworivers.第二局部：阅读理解〔共两节，总分值40分〕第一节〔共15小题；每题2分，总分值30分〕阅读以下短文，从每题所给的四个选项〔A、B、C和D〕中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AAfrica’sMostAmazingPlacestoVisitPyramidsofGiza,EgyptThemostfamousofthestructuresatGiza,nearCairo,thePyramidofKingKhufuwasbuiltaround2650BCfrom2.5millionblocksofstone.Itssidesfacenorth,south,eastandwest.SaharaDunes,MoroccoThemostuser-friendlypartoftheSaharaisaccessiblefromthenorthernedgeofMorocco.YoucancampoutinTazzarine,whererunnersfromallovertheworldcompletetheweeklongMarathoneveryspring.ThefootoftheMerzougaDunesisthebestlocationforgazingatstars,totallyfreeoflightpollution.LakeRetba(LacRose),SenegalTherearefewpinklakesintheworldandoneofthem,LakeRetba,alsocalledLacRosebylocalsisintheCap-VertpeninsulainSenegal.ThebesttimestoseethelakeatitspinkestisduringSenegal’sdryseason,betweenNovemberandJune.NyikaPlateauNationalPark,MalawiWithaplateaucutbynumerousriversthatreachLakeMalawibywayofwaterfallsofftheeasternedgeofthemountains,Nyika,thelargestnationalparkinMalawi,isoneofthemostbeautifulinAfrica.TheeasternborderoftheplateauformsthewalloftheGreatRiftValley.Thegreatdomesofhillshavegentleslopes,makingNyikaperfectforbothhikingandmountainbikingaswellasJeepexploration.1.Whichcountrywillyougoifyouwanttowatchstars?A.Malawi. B.Morocco. C.Egypt. D.Senegal.2.Whenisthebesttimetoseethepinkestlake?A.July. B.September. C.October. D.January.3.WhatmakesNyikaoneofthemostbeautifulparksinAfrica?A.Plants. B.Animals. C.Waters. D.Sports.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了四个非洲最神奇的地方。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句ThefootoftheMerzougaDunesisthebestlocationforgazingatstars,totallyfreeoflightpollution.〔默佐加沙丘的脚下是观星的最正确地点，完全没有光污染。〕可知如果你想看星星，你可以去摩洛哥。应选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句ThebesttimestoseethelakeatitspinkestisduringSenegal’sdryseason,betweenNovemberandJune.〔在塞内加尔的旱季，11月至6月是欣赏湖面最粉的最正确时间。〕分析选项可知看粉红色湖泊的最正确时间是一月份。应选D。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中WithaplateaucutbynumerousriversthatreachLakeMalawibywayofwaterfallsofftheeasternedgeofthemountains,Nyika,thelargestnationalparkinMalawi,isoneofthemostbeautifulinAfrica.〔这里的高原被众多河流切断，这些河流通过山脉东部边缘的瀑布到达马拉维湖，造就了尼卡是马拉维最大的国家公园，它是非洲最美丽的国家公园之一。〕可知是水域使尼卡成为非洲最美丽的公园之一。应选C。BWhenIarrivedinLondon,Icouldn'tspeakawordofEnglish.Noteven"hello".Iwas18.I'dbeenworkingformydad'srestaurantinMilanandIwantedanewexperience.MyfriendfromhomelivedinLondonandheusedtotellmehowincredibleitwas.Iwasreallybored,soItookmyluggageandleft.IwassolostwhenIarrivedatStansted.Tome,EnglishsoundedlikeChinese.Ionlyarrivedwithafewhundredpounds.IlivedwithmyfriendinEastLondonforawhile.Icouldn'tfindajobforamonth.FinallyIfoundawaiterroleinarestaurant.Atthetime,Ihadnothingelsegoingoninmylife.Iusedtogetup,gotowork,andsleep.Itwasnodifferenceeveryday.Thenonedayonmylunchbreak,IsawaGymbox.WhenItookalookin,therewasanamazingMuayThai(泰拳)class.IusedtodoboxingwhenIwas15butIwasn'tthatseriousaboutit.ThereandthenIjoinedthegymandsignedupfortheThaiboxingteam.Ifellinlovewithit.Inevermissedasession(一场).Istartedtrainingalotandtheheadcoachsaidtomeoneday,"Doyouwanttofight?"Iknewthat'swhatIwantedtodo.HeputmeincompetitionsandIwonmyfirstnineamateurgames.Afterwatchingmeprogress,heofferedtohelpmefightprofessionally.However,atonepointIhadamotorcyclecrashandwasoutfor18months.ThisyearI'vefoughtinMilanandLondon.I'dsayI'mabout12fightsawayfrombecomingawinnerSometimesIcan'tbelievehowfarI'vecomefromthatdayIarrivedinEngland.Ithinkeverythingthat'shappenedhasbeenbecauseI'mcommitted.Butanyonecoulddoit.Ifyouputin100%,you'llgetthere.I'mjusthappybecauseIdidapositivethingwithmylife.Itfeelsgood.4.WhathadthewriterdonebeforehecametoLondon?A.Hehadworkedinarestaurant. B.Hehadbeenaprofessionalcoach.C.Hehadworkedinasmallcompany. D.Hehaddonenothingbuttravelaround.5.Howwasthewriter'slifeatfirstinLondon?A.Exciting. B.Scary. C.Satisfying. D.Dull.6.Whatinfluencedthewriter'slifemost?A.Joiningtheboxingteam. B.LosingthecompetitioninMilan.C.Sufferingfromamotorcyclecrash. D.Beingtheheadcoachoftheteam.7.Whatdoesthewriterintendtoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Lifeisnotallroses. B.Difficultiesmakehimstronger.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess. D.Devotionmakeshimsuccessful.【答案】4.A5.D6.A7.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在伦敦找工作，在健身房学习泰拳和参加比赛的经历，并告诉我们只要付出100%的努力，就能获得成功。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“WhenIarrivedinLondon,Icouldn'tspeakawordofEnglish.Noteven‘hello’.Iwas18.I'dbeenworkingformydad'srestaurantinMilanandIwantedanewexperience.〔当我到达伦敦时，我一句英语也不会说。即使是“你好〞。我18岁的时候。我一直在我爸爸在米兰的餐厅工作，我想要一种新的体验。〕〞可知，作者来伦敦之前在他父亲的餐厅工作。应选A。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Ionlyarrivedwithafewhundredpounds.IlivedwithmyfriendinEastLondonforawhile.Icouldn'tfindajobforamonth.FinallyIfoundawaiterroleinarestaurant.Atthetime,Ihadnothingelsegoingoninmylife.Iusedtogetup,gotowork,andsleep.Itwasnodifferenceeveryday.〔我只带了几百英镑。我和我的朋友在东伦敦住过一段时间。我一个月都找不到工作。最后我在一家餐馆找到了一个效劳员的角色。那时候，我的生活中没有别的事可做。我过去常常起床，上班，然后睡觉。每天都是一样的。〕〞可推知，这位作家最初在伦敦的生活是枯燥的。应选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Ifellinlovewithit.Inevermissedasession(一场).Istartedtrainingalot〔我爱上了它。我从来没有错过一次。我开始大量训练〕〞可推知，“参加拳击队〞对作者的生活影响最大。应选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“SometimesIcan'tbelievehowfarI'vecomefromthatdayIarrivedinEngland.Ithinkeverythingthat'shappenedhasbeenbecauseI'mcommitted.Butanyonecoulddoit.Ifyouputin100%,you'llgetthere.I'mjusthappybecauseIdidapositivethingwithmylife.Itfeelsgood.〔有时我不敢相信从我到达英国的那天起，我已经走了多远。我认为发生的一切都是因为我下定决心了。但任何人都可以做到。如果你投入100%，你就会成功。我很快乐，因为我在生活中做了一件积极的事。这感觉很好。〕〞可知，作者在最后一段想表达的是全心的付出让他获得成功。D项“付出使他成功〞符合题意。应选D。CSleep,consideredaluxurybymany,isessentialforaperson’shealthandhappiness.Researchershavefoundthatinadequatesleepandtirednessincreaseaperson’sriskofdevelopingseveremedicalconditions,suchasobesity,highbloodsugarlevels,andheartdisease.Now,anewstudyhasfoundthatgettingenoughsleepisalsothekeytoimprovingacademicperformance.JeffreyGross,theuniversityscienceprofessorwholedtheresearch,wasnottryingtofindtherelationshipbetweensleepandgradeswhenhehandedoutsmartwatchestothe100studentsinhischemistryclass.Instead,theprofessorhopedthewrist-worndevices(装置),whichtrackaperson’sphysicalactivity,wouldshowaconnectionbetweenexerciseandacademicachievement.WhileGross’sdatashowednorelationshipbetweenthesetwofactors(因素),thestudyfoundsomethingsurprising.Astheresearcherswereanalyzingtheirdata,theynoticedthattherewasastraight-linerelationshipbetweentheaverageamountofsleepastudentgotandtheirresultsinthecourse’s11quizzes,threemidtermtests,andthefinalexam.Evenmoreinteresting,itwasnotenoughforstudentstojustheadtobedearlythenightbeforeatest.Instead,it’sthesleepyougetduringthedayswhenlearningishappeningthatmattersmost.Thetimestudentswenttobedeachnightwassimilarlyimportant.Thosewhowenttobedinearlyhoursofthemorningperformedpoorly,evenifthetotalsleeptimewasthesameasahigher-performingstudent.“Whenyougotobedmatters,〞Grosssays,“Ifyougotobedat10,or12,or1atnight,andsleepforsevenhours,yourperformanceisthesame.Butifyougotobedafter2,yourperformancestartstogodownevenifyougetthesamesevenhours.So,quantityisn’teverything.〞Perhapsthemostinterestingwasthehugeeffectthatsmalldifferencesinsleeppatternshadonthestudents’grades.Theentirecoursegradesforstudentsaveragingsixandahalfhoursofsleepeachnightwere25%lowerthanstudentswhoaveragedjustonehourmoresleep.Similarly,studentswhochangedtheirbedtimebyevenonehoureachnighthadgradesthatdropped45%belowthosewithmoreregularbedtimes.WhoknewgettingA’sjustrequiredsomeextraZZZ’s?8.Basedonhisoriginalgoals,whichbestdescribesProfessorGross’sresearchfindings?A.Complete. B.Accidental.C.Convincing. D.Doubtful.9.Whowerethepeopletakingpartinthestudy?A.Universitystudentathletes. B.ProfessorGross’sownstudents.C.Middleschoolchemistrystudents. D.Volunteersfromdifferentuniversities.10.HowdidProfessorGross’steammeasureacademicperformance?A.Makingthestudentswearaspecialwatch.B.Givingthestudentsregularafter-classquizzes.C.Usingstudents’universityentrancetestresults.D.Usingthestudents’normaltestandquizgrades.11.Basedonthestudy’sfindings,whoislikelytoperformbestacademically?A.Apersonwhosleepsforatotalof7hourseachnight.B.Apersonwhosleepsfrom11p.m.to6a.m.eachday.C.Apersonwhosenormalbedtimechangesbetween9p.m.and12p.m.D.Apersonwhohasagoodnight’ssleepthenightbeforeanimportanttest.【答案】8.B9.B10.D11.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项新研究说明，睡眠缺乏除了对身体健康造成不良影响之外，也会对学习成绩产生影响。好的睡眠是提高学习成绩的关键。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“WhileGross’sdatashowednorelationshipbetweenthesetwofactors(因素),thestudyfoundsomethingsurprising.Astheresearcherswereanalyzingtheirdata,theynoticedthattherewasastraight-linerelationshipbetweentheaverageamountofsleepastudentgotandtheirresultsinthecourse’s11quizzes,threemidtermtests,andthefinalexam.〞〔虽然格罗斯的数据显示这两个因素之间没有关系，但这项研究发现了一些令人惊讶的东西。在研究人员分析数据时，他们注意到，学生的平均睡眠时间与他们在这门课的11次测验、3次期中考试和期末考试中的成绩之间存在直线关系。〕可知，基于他最初的目标，格罗斯教授的研究发现是“偶然的〞。应选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“JeffreyGross,theuniversityscienceprofessorwholedtheresearch,wasnottryingtofindtherelationshipbetweensleepandgradeswhenhehandedoutsmartwatchestothe100studentsinhischemistryclass.〞〔领导这项研究的大学科学教授杰弗里•格罗斯(JeffreyGross)在给化学课上的100名学生分发智能手表时，并不是为了寻找睡眠和成绩之间的关系。〕可知，参与研究的人是他自己的学生。应选B。【10题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Astheresearcherswereanalyzingtheirdata,theynoticedthattherewasastraight-linerelationshipbetweentheaverageamountofsleepastudentgotandtheirresultsinthecourse’s11quizzes,threemidtermtests,andthefinalexam.〞〔在研究人员分析数据时，他们注意到，学生的平均睡眠时间与他们在这门课的11次测验、3次期中考试和期末考试中的成绩之间存在直线关系。〕可知，格罗斯教授的团队是使用学生的正常测试和测验成绩来衡量学业表现的。应选D。11题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段中“Thetimestudentswenttobedeachnightwassimilarlyimportant.Thosewhowenttobedinearlyhoursofthemorningperformedpoorly,evenifthetotalsleeptimewasthesameasahigher-performingstudent.“Whenyougotobedmatters,〞Grosssays,“Ifyougotobedat10,or12,or1atnight,andsleepforsevenhours,yourperformanceisthesame.〞〞〔学生每晚睡觉的时间同样重要。那些在清晨上床睡觉的学生表现很差，即使他们的总睡眠时间与表现较好的学生相同。〞“你上床睡觉的时候很重要，〞格罗斯说，“如果你晚上10点、12点或1点上床，睡7个小时，你的表现是一样的。〞〕可知，根据这项研究的发现，睡得较早，且时间足够的学生表现好。结合选项推知，每天从晚上11点睡到早上6点的人可能在学业上表现最好。应选B。DAfter7longyearssincethecutecatnamedChebonwentmissing,therewaslittlehopethatitcouldbefound.Robertprobablyalreadycametopeacewiththethoughtthathewouldneverseehislittlefriendagainuntilhereceivedalife-changingcall.Clearly,akindstrangerreachedouttotellhimthathisbelovedcatwassafeandsoundandcouldn’twaittoseehimagain!Thecatwentmissingyearsago,rightbeforeRobertwasplanningonmovingfromCaliforniatoOhio.ThesadownerdecidedtogiveuphisplansandstayedinCaliforniaforthewholeyearlookingforhismissingfriend,butinvain.“IrememberatonepointIwasprayingandIsaid,‘God,I’lldoanything,justbringmyChebonback…’〞,RobertsaidinavideopostedontheVenturaCountyAnimalServices.ThecatseemedtohavedisappearedforeverandRoberthadnootherchoicethantomoveon.Then7yearslater,awomannoticedacatthatlookedill,soshedecidedtocatchtheanimalandtakehimtothevet(兽医).Luckily,thecatshefoundhadamicrochip(微型芯片),andinaninstant,theyknewwhotheownerofthe19-year-oldcatwas.That’swhenRobertreceivedacallsayingthathiscatwasalive.“Iwasafraidtherewassomekindofmistake,〞Robertsaidinthereunionvideo.ThemandecidedtorideonaplaneandflyallthewayfromLosAngelestoseehisoldfriend.Afterfinallyseeingthecat,Robertimmediatelyrecognizedhiscatandburstintotears.Afteralltheseyears,thetwofriendswerebacktogether.ThetouchingmomentwasrecordedbytheanimalshelterandwasquicklyspreadontheInternet,leavingsomanypeopleintears.12.WhathappenedtoChebon7yearsago?A.Itwasill. B.Itwashurtinanaccident.C.Itwaslost. D.Itwastakentotheanimalshelter.13.Whatdoes“invain〞meaninparagraph2?A.withoutsuccess. B.fornoreason.C.innotime. D.atnocost.14.HowdidRobertfeelwhenhereceivedthecall?A.Doubtful. B.Worried.C.Peaceful. D.Hopeless.15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Avideomovedmanypeople.B.Acatwassavedbyawoman.C.Amanreunitedwithhismissingcat.D.Amankeptlookingforhiscatfor7years.【答案】12.C13.A14.A15.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Robert苦寻其宠物猫Chebon七年并最终得以团聚的感人故事。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“After7longyearssincethecutecatnamedChebonwentmissing,therewaslittlehopethatitcouldbefound.(这只名叫Chebon的可爱猫咪失踪7年之后，找到它的希望渺茫)〞可知，Chebon于七年前走丢。应选C。【13题详解】词义猜想题。根据文章第二段“ThecatseemedtohavedisappearedforeverandRoberthadnootherchoicethantomoveon.(那只猫似乎永远消失了，罗伯特别无选择，只能继续前进)〞可知，Robert苦寻无果，所以“invain〞与“withoutsuccess〞意义相近，应选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Iwasafraidtherewassomekindofmistake.(我担忧会出什么过失)〞可推断，Robert对改持疑心态度。应选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，本文主要讲述Robert苦寻其宠物猫Chebon七年并最终得以团聚的感人故事。应选C。第二节〔共5小题，每题2分，总分值10分〕根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhyDoAutumnLeavesChangeColor?Weallenjoythecolorsofautumnleaves.___16___Toanswerthisquestion,wefirsthavetounderstandwhatleavesareandwhattheydo.Leavesarenature’sfoodfactories.Plantstakewaterfromtheearththroughtheirrootsandtakecarbondioxidefromtheair.___17___Plantsusethesugarasfoodforenergy.Thewayplantsturnwaterandcarbondioxideintosugariscalledphotosynthesis〔光合作用〕.Chlorophyll〔叶绿素〕helpsmakephotosynthesishappen.Chlorophyllgivesplantstheirgreencolor.Assummerendsandautumncomes,thedaysgetshorterandshorter.___18___Duringwinter,thereisnotenoughlightorwaterforphotosynthesis.Treeswillrestandshutdowntheirfood-makingfactories.Thereisnochlorophyllintheleaves.Asthebrightgreenfadesaway〔逐渐消失〕,webegintoseeyellowandorangecolors._____19_____Wejustcan’tseetheminthesummer,becausetheyarecoveredupbythegreenchlorophyll.Thebrightredsweseeinleavesaremademostlyinautumn.Insometrees,likemaples〔枫树),sugariskeptintheleavesafterphotosynthesisstops.___20___Thebrowncoloroftreeslikeoaksismadeformthewasteswhichareleftintheleaves.Allthesethingsmakethebeautifulcolorsweenjoyinautumn.A.Smallamountsofthesecolorshavebeenintheleavesallthetime.B.Whydopeoplepreferautumnleavestosummerleaves?C.Plantsusesunlighttoturnwaterandcarbondioxideintoakindofsugar.D.Haveyoueverwonderedhowandwhyanautumnleafchangescolor?E.Yellowandorangecolorsattractmanyofusinautumn.F.Thisishowtrees“know〞whentobegingettingreadyforwinter.G.Sunlightandthecoolnightsofautumncausetheleavestoturnthesugarintoaredcolor.【答案】16D17.C18.F19.A20.G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了秋天树叶颜色的变化以及变化的原因。16题详解】上文“Weallenjoythecolorsofautumnleaves〞说明我们喜欢秋天树叶的颜色，设空处应该围绕这个话题展开，而后文“Toanswerthisquestion,wefirsthavetounderstandwhatleavesareandwhattheydo.〔要答复这个问题，我们首先要了解树叶是什么，它们是干什么的。〕〞说明是答复某个问题，所以D项“你有没有想过秋天的树叶为什么以及怎样变色的？〞照应上文，并且是问句，照应后文，正好承上启下，应选D。【17题详解】上文“Plantstakewaterfromthegroundthroughtheirrootsandtakecarbondioxidefromtheair〞可知植物从根部吸收水分，从空气中吸收二氧化碳，后文“Plantsusethesugarasfoodforenergy.Thewayplantsturnwaterandcarbondioxideintosugariscalledphotosynthesis〔光合作用〕.〔植物利用糖作为食物以获取能量。植物把水和二氧化碳转化为糖的方式叫做光合作用。〕〞。C项中的“waterandcarbondioxide〞与上文一致，“akindofsugar.〞与下文一致，应选C。【18题详解】上文“Assummerendsandautumncomes，thedaysgetshorterandshorter〞可知随着秋天的到来，白天变得越来越短，此处承接这一话题，讲的还是关于季节方面的内容，所以F项“此时树木就知道应该开始准备过冬〞符合题意，并且与后文“Duringwinter〞相照应，应选F。19题详解】上文“Asthebrightgreenfadesaway，webegintoseeyellowandorangecolors〞可知，当明亮的绿色消失，我们开始看到黄色和橙色，而后文“ejustcan’tseetheminthesummer,becausetheyarecoveredupbythegreenchlorophyll.〔我们只是在夏天看不到它们，因为它们被绿色的叶绿素所覆盖。〕〞是在说明看不到黄色和橙色的原因，因此A项“树叶中一直有少量的这种颜色。〞与之相照应，承上启下，应选A。【20题详解】上文“ThebrightredsandpurplesweseeinleavesaremademostlyinAutumn．Insometrees,likemaples〔枫树),sugariskeptintheleavesafterphotosynthesisstops.〞可知我们在树叶上看到的鲜艳的红色大局部是在秋天形成的，一些树，如枫树，光合作用停止后，糖会留在叶子里。后文“Thebrowncoloroftreeslikeoaksismadeformthewasteswhichareleftintheleaves.〔树的褐色如橡树是由树叶中残留的废物形成的。〕〞那么开始解释树叶这样变化的原因，因此G项“秋天的阳光和凉爽的夜晚使树叶把糖变成红色〞符合题意，也是说明树叶颜色的变化以及原因。应选G。第三局部英语知识运用(共两节，总分值45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题，每题分，总分值30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。BornonJuly2,1932inAtlanticCity,NewJersey,DaveThomasnevermethisbirthmother.Lateron,Dave’sfatherwhohadremarried____21____toFortWayne,Indiana.There,Davedidseveral____22____suchasapaperboy,golfcaddy,andacounterinadrugstore.Whenhewas15,Davewasfirst____23____tothefoodandserviceindustrythroughhisfirstjob.Forsomereasons,hisfamilydecidedtomoveagain.____24____,Daverefused.Hethendroppedoutof____25____inthe10thgradeandworkedfulltime.Duringthe____26____betweentheUSandtheDPRK,Dave____27____intheUSArmyasthemanagerofamen’sclub.Hefoundhisformerboss,PhilClauss,who____28____somefranchises(经销店)oftheKentuckyFriedChickenchain.ClaussofferedDavetheopportunitytohelp____29____someofthefailingfranchisesinColumbus,Ohio.Afterafewyears,Davesucceededandearned$1.5millionby____30____thefranchisesbacktoheadquarters.Dave,being____31____aboutfood,foundithardtofindagoodburgerinColumbus.Thistiny____32____soonturnedintoamulti-milliondollarbusinessafterhedecidedto____33____thefirstWendy’srestaurantin1969.Wendy’scaughtalotof____34____andpopularityfortheirsquareburgersand____35____andabundanttoppings(配料).Withinadecade,Wendy’sturnedintoathousand-storefranchise.Aftersomebusinessmistakeshad____36____Wendy’sfinancialstability,Davebeganvisitingeachfranchiseto____37____employeeswithhis“mop-bucketattitude〞,whichprovedtobea(n)____38____strategy.Hesoonbecamethetelevisionspokesmanforthecompanyandbecameveryfamousand____39____.HischarmingpersonalitydrovealotofAmericansto____40____theDaveThomasbrand,andregardWendy’sasoneoftheUS’smostwell-receivedfastfoodchains.21.A.returned B.hiked C.moved D.walked22.A.advertisements B.experiments C.posters D.jobs23.A.addicted B.exposed C.appealed D.replied24.A.Furthermore B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.However25.A.dreams B.school C.college D.languages26.A.negotiation B.cooperation C.war D.trade27.A.served B.participated C.believed D.absorbed28.A.remembered B.owned C.respected D.considered29.A.accountfor B.turnaround C.breakoff D.subscribeto30.A.distributing B.sponsoring C.sending D.selling31.A.enthusiastic B.angry C.careful D.lazy32.A.conflict B.principle C.share D.regret33.A.purchase B.expand C.open D.arrange34.A.attention B.forgiveness C.sense D.consideration35.A.various B.similar C.precious D.complex36.A.challenged B.judged C.damaged D.conquered37.A.appreciate B.contradict C.acknowledge D.inspire38.A.academic B.effective C.optional D.contrary39.A.successful B.energetic C.generous D.selfless40.A.maintain B.explore C.love D.preserve【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.D25.B26.C27.A28.B29.B30.D31.A32.D33.C34.A35.A36.C37.D38.B39.A40.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了温蒂汉堡的创始人DaveThomas的个人经历以及他创立并壮大温蒂汉堡的经过。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，戴夫再婚的父亲搬到了印第安纳州的韦恩堡。A.returned返回；B.hiked徒步旅行；C.moved移动，搬家；D.walked散步。根据后文“toFortWayne,Indiana〞可知戴夫出生在新泽西，后来跟父亲搬到了印第安纳州。根据后文“Forsomereasons,hisfamilydecidedtomoveagain.〞也是提示。应选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，戴夫做了好几份工作，比方报童、高尔夫球童和杂货店的柜台工作。A.advertisements广告；B.experiments实验；C.posters海报；D.jobs工作。根据后文“suchasapaperboy,golfcaddy,andacounterinadrugstore〞可知戴夫做了好几份工作。应选D。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：15岁时，戴夫通过第一份工作第一次接触到食品和效劳行业。A.addicted上瘾；B.exposed暴露；C.appealed呼吁；D.replied答复。根据后文“tothefoodandserviceindustry〞指接触到食品和效劳行业，应用beexposedto“接触〞。应选B。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，戴夫拒绝了。A.Furthermore此外；B.Otherwise否那么；C.Therefore因此；D.However然而。上文提到戴夫的家人决定再次搬家，但是戴夫拒绝了，前后为转折关系，应用however。应选D。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，他在10年级时辍学，开始全职工作。A.dreams梦想；B.school学校；C.college大学；D.languages语言。根据后文“andworkedfulltime〞可知戴夫十年级时辍学了。应选B。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在美朝战争期间，戴夫在美军服役，担任一家男子俱乐部的经理。A.negotiation协商；B.cooperation合作；C.war战争；D.trade交易。根据后文“intheUSArmy〞可知是战争期间。应选C。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在美朝战争期间，戴夫在美军服役，担任一家男子俱乐部的经理。A.served效劳；B.participated参加；C.believed相信；D.absorbed吸收。根据后文“intheUSArmy〞指戴夫在美军服役。应选A。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他找到了他的前老板菲尔·克劳斯，后者拥有肯德基连锁经营。A.remembered记得；B.owned拥有；C.respected尊重；D.considered考虑。根据后文“somefranchisesoftheKentuckyFriedChickenchain〞可知菲尔·克劳斯拥有肯德基连锁经营。应选B。【29题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：克劳斯向戴夫提供了一个时机，帮助俄亥俄州哥伦布市的一些濒临倒闭的特许经营企业扭亏为亏。A.accountfor解释；B.turnaround转弯；C.breakoff折断；D.subscribeto订阅。根据后文“someofthefailingfranchisesinColumbus,Ohio.Afterafewyears,Davesucceededandearned$1.5millionby〞指帮助一些濒临倒闭的特许经营企业扭亏为亏，turnaround这里表示“〔生意或经济〕好转〞符合语境。应选B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：几年后，戴夫成功了，他把特许经营权卖回总部，赚了150万美元。A.distributing分配；B.sponsoring赞助；C.sending发送；D.selling出售。根据上文“Davesucceededandearned$1.5millionby〞可知戴夫通过把特许经营权卖回总部，赚了150万美元。应选D。【31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：戴夫对食物很感兴趣，发现在哥伦布很难找到好吃的汉堡。A.enthusiastic热情的；B.angry愤怒的；C.careful仔细的；D.lazy懒惰的。结合后文“aboutfood,foundithardtofindagoodburgerinColumbus〞可知戴夫因为对食物感兴趣，才发现了在哥伦布很难找到好吃的汉堡。应选A。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：1969年，当他决定开第一家温迪餐厅时，这个小小的遗憾很快就变成了价值数百万美元的生意。A.conflict争执；B.principle原那么；C.share分享；D.regret遗憾。此处指上文“foundithardtofindagoodburgerinColumbus〞在哥伦布很难找到好吃的汉堡这个小小的遗憾很快就变成了价值数百万美元的生意。应选D。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：1969年，当他决定开第一家温迪餐厅时，这个小小的遗憾很快就变成了价值数百万美元的生意。A.purchase购置；B.expand扩大；C.open翻开；D.arrange安排。根据后文“thefirstWendy’srestaurantin1969〞可知戴夫1969年决定开第一家温迪餐厅，应选C。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：温蒂汉堡因其方形汉堡和各种各样丰富的配料而备受关注和欢送。A.attention注意力；B.forgiveness原谅；C.sense感觉；D.consideration考虑。根据后文“andpopularity〞可知温蒂汉堡备受关注和欢送。应选A。【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：温蒂汉堡因其方形汉堡和各种各样丰富的配料而备受关注和欢送。A.various不同的；B.similar相似的；C.precious珍贵的；D.complex复杂的。根据后文“andabundanttoppings〞可知温蒂汉堡配料多样且丰富。应选A。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一些商业失误破坏了温蒂汉堡的财务稳定后，戴夫开始走访每一家连锁店，用他的“拖把桶态度〞鼓励员工，这被证明是一种有效的策略。A.challenged挑战；B.judged判断；C.damaged破坏；D.conquered征服。根据上文“somebusinessmistakeshad〞可知商业失误会破坏温蒂汉堡的财务稳定。应选C。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一些商业失误破坏了温蒂汉堡的财务稳定后，戴夫开始走访每一家连锁店，用他的“拖把桶态度〞鼓励员工，这被证明是一种有效的策略。A.appreciate欣赏；B.contradict反驳；C.acknowledge认可；D.inspire鼓舞。根据后文“employeeswithhis“mop-bucketattitude〞〞可知，当时温蒂汉堡财务出现问题，所以戴夫走访连锁店是为了鼓励员工。应选D。【38题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一些商业失误破坏了温蒂汉堡的财务稳定后，戴夫开始走访每一家连锁店，用他的“拖把桶态度〞鼓励员工，这被证明是一种有效的策略。A.academic学术的；B.effective有效的；C.optional可选择的；D.contrary相反的。根据后文“Hesoonbecamethetelevisionspokesmanforthecompanyandbecameveryfamous〞可知他的“拖把桶态度〞被证明是一种有效的策略，也促成了他后来的成功。应选B。【39题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很快成为公司的电视代言人，变得非常知名和成功。A.successful成功的；B.energetic精力充分的；C.generous慷慨的；D.selfless无私的。根据上文“becameveryfamousand〞可知戴夫变得知名和成功。应选A。【40题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他迷人的个性让许多美国人爱上了戴夫•托马斯品牌，并将温迪快餐视为美国最受欢送的快餐连锁店之一。A.maintain保持；B.explore探索；C.love爱；D.preserve保护。根据上文“HischarmingpersonalitydrovealotofAmericansto〞可知戴夫迷人的个性让许多美国人爱上了戴夫•托马斯品牌