Unit2SportsCultureGrammarandusage课件高中英语译林版（2020）选择性

Unit2Grammar&usagePassiveVoice现在进行时和现在完成时

西游记中沙僧说得

最多的四句话？大师兄，师父被妖怪捉走了！二师兄，师父被妖怪捉走了！

大师兄，二师兄被妖怪捉走了！

大师兄，师父和二师兄被妖怪捉走了！什么是语态？语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明句中主语和谓语关系。

主动语态

被动语态activevoicepassivevoice猴子打八戒八戒被猴子打Themonkey

beats

Bajie.Bajieisbeatenbythemonkey.主语动作的发出者谓语动作宾语动作的承受者主动语态被动语态动作的承受者主语当一个句子的主语是动作的承受者的时候，我们就可以称这个句子为被动语态

主语

动作

主语

动作

主动语态被动语态执行承受把字句被字句Passivevoice（被动语态）

inthepresentcontinuous(现在进行时)

andpresentperfecttenses（现在完成时）一般现在时

表示现阶段经常发生的动作，也表示客观存在的事实和规律。主动语态：do\dose被动语态：am\is\are+done(过去分词)Wecleantheclassroom.Theclassroomiscleanedbyus.TheprettyyoungEnglishteacher______(love)byallherstudents.这位年轻漂亮的英语老师受到所有学生的喜爱。Asoundofpiano____________

(hear)inthenextroom.听到隔壁房间里有钢琴声

islovedisoftenheard一般过去时表示在过去的某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态，此动作或状态始于过去并且结束于过去。主动语态：did被动语态：was\were+done(过去分词)Wecleanedtheclassroom.Theclassroomwascleanedbyus.一般将来时表示将来某一特定时间将发生的动作或出现的某种状态，也表示某种打算、计划或准备要做某事。主动语态：will\shalldo被动语态：will\shall+be+done(过去分词)WewillcleantheclassroomtomorrowTheclassroomwillbecleanedbyustomorrow.Thismatter____________(look)intointhefuture.将来会调查这件事的。What___________________(discuss)today?今天要讨论什么呢？willbelookedisgoingtobediscussedPassivevoice（被动语态）

inthepresentcontinuous(现在进行时)

andpresentperfecttenses（现在完成时）现在进行时表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。此动作始于过去，现在正在进行，而且可能会继续进行下去。主动语态：be+doing现在进行时的被动语态：am\is\are+being+done(过去分词)Wearecleaningtheclassroom.Theclassroomisbeingcleanedbyus.be+done被动语态正在已经被…Thepassivevoiceinthepresentcontinuoustense现在进行时的被动语态强调主语是动作的承受者，表示说话时正在进行着的被动动作、现阶段正在进行着的被动动作。可用by引出动作的发出者。e.g.Themanisbeingquestionedbythepolicenow.这名男子现在正在接受警方的讯问。rulesTheverbformofthepassivevoiceinthepresentcontinuoustense:

现在进行时被动语态的动词形式：肯定句：am/is/are+being+过去分词否定句：am/is/are+not+being+过去分词一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+being+动词的过去分词(三)用法1.表示说话时正在进行的被动动作。句中常用now，atthemoment等时间状语。Myyoungersisterisnowbeinginterviewed.我妹妹现在正在接受采访。2.表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作(说话时不一定在进行)。Theseanimalsarebeinghuntedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearsoon.以如此速度捕杀动物，它们很快就会消失。3.表示一种习惯的被动行为，常与always，constantly，often等词连用，表示有赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩。Ifeelverysurprisedthatthewindowofourclassroomisoftenbeingbroken.我感到非常吃惊的是我们教室的那扇窗户经常被打破。4.与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。Jimmaybebeinginterviewedbythereportersattheverymoment.吉姆此刻可能正在被记者们采访。[名师点津]

(1)stay，love，have，want，belongto等一般不用于现在进行时的被动语态。(2)“be＋under/in等介词＋名词”

结构可用来表示现在进行时的被动语态的含义。Thetelephoneisinuse.＝Thetelephoneisbeingused.电话正在使用中。Thethief_______________(question)inthenextroom.那个小偷正在隔壁房间接受提问。isbeingquestioned现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在或与现在仍有联系。主动语态have\hasdone

被动语态：have\has+been+done(过去分词)Wehavecleanedtheclassroom.Theclassroomhasbeencleanedbyus.be

done被动语态现在已经被…Thepassivevoiceinthepresentperfecttense现在完成时的被动语态表示被动动作在过去发生或完成，但是对现在仍然有影响或者表示过去开始的被动动作一直持续到现在,句中经常有

“for+一段时间”,“since+从句”,sofar等状语。e.g.Theyhaven'tbeentoldaboutityet.他们还没有被告知这件事。Theverbformofthepassivevoiceinthepresentperfecttense：

现在完成时被动语态的动词形式：肯定句：have/has+been+过去分词否定句：have/has+not+been+过去分词一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been+过去分词(二)用法1.现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already，yet，just，never，recently等副词连用。Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired.机器已经被修好了。[名师点津]常与现在完成时连用的时间状语：already已经yet已经recently/lately最近sincethen从那时起eversince自那以来ever曾经sofar迄今为止foralongtime很长一段时间bynow到现在为止inrecentyears在最近几年里in/during/overthepast/lastyears在过去的几年里2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“Howlong...？”句型中。Financialproblemsofthecompanyhavebeendiscussedfornearlytwohours.公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时了。Howlonghasthisfilmbeenshown?这部电影已放映多长时间了？3.用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。Youshouldn’tleaveschoolbeforeyourhomeworkhasbeenfinished.在你的作业没完成之前你不应该离开学校。Theparty_______________(plan)sincethenewyear.此次聚会自新年起就被筹划了。

Theproject__________________(complete).这项工程已经完成了.hasbeenplannedhasbeencompleted现在完成时1.只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。Hisbosshasalreadypunishedhim.→Hehasalreadybeenpunished(byhisboss).注意事项2.带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。Thecompanyhasgivenhimachancetoworkabroadrecently.→Hehasbeengivenachancetoworkabroadrecently(bythecompany).→Achancetoworkabroadhasbeengiventohimrecently(bythecompany).返回Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空1.Thesechildren

(look)afterbyanoldmannow.2.Howmanycars

(make)inthefactorysince1990?3.Sinceyourwork

(finish)，youcanhavearestnow.4.Manyinterestingexperiments

(carry)outthesedays.5.Morethan100famousfilms

(show)inthecitysinceJuly.arebeinglookedhavebeenmadehasbeenfinishedarebeingcarriedhavebeenshown熟能生巧6.Threenewschools

(open)inourcityinthepastfiveyears.7.Waitaminute.Thedishesforthedinner

(cook)inthekitchen.8.Theyarelivingwiththeirparentsbecausetheirownhouse______________(rebuild).havebeenopenedarebeingcookedisbeingrebuiltMakesentenceswithpassivevoiceinthepresentcontinuousorpresentperfecttenses.constructTheroadisbeingconstructed.Theroadhasbeenconstructed.repairThecarisbeingrepaired.Thecarhasbeenrepaired.Thedishisbeingcooked.Thedishhasbeencooked.cook其他时态及其被动语态的补充一般现在时

表示现阶段经常发生的动作，也表示客观存在的事实和规律。主动语态：do\dose被动语态：am\is\are+done(过去分词)Wecleantheclassroom.Theclassroomiscleanedbyus.一般过去时表示在过去的某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态，此动作或状态始于过去并且结束于过去。主动语态：did被动语态：was\were+done(过去分词)Wecleanedtheclassroom.Theclassroomwascleanedbyus.一般将来时表示将来某一特定时间将发生的动作或出现的某种状态，也表示某种打算、计划或准备要做某事。主动语态：will\shalldo被动语态：will\shall+be+done(过去分词)WewillcleantheclassroomtomorrowTheclassroomwillbecleanedbyustomorrow.过去进行时表示过去某一特定时刻正在发生的动作。此动作始于过去，在过去某一特定时间正在进行，并可能继续进行下去。主动语态：was\were+doing被动语态：was\were+being+done(过去分词)

Wewerecleaningtheclassroomatthat

time.Theclassroomwasbeingcleanedbyusatthattime.WhenIcalled,tea_______________(serve).当我打电话时，正要上茶。TheChildren'sPalace_____________(build)lastmonth.I'mnotsure

ifitiscompleted.少年宫上个月正在被修建，我不清楚完成了没有。wasbeingservedwasbeingbuilt过去完成时表示以过去某个时间为标准，在此过去时间以前发生的动作或状态。主动语态：haddone被动语态：had+beendone(过去分词)Wehadcleanedtheclassroombefore

hewenthome.Theclassroomhadbeencleanedbyus

beforehewenthome.Sophialookedatthelanternsthat_______________(light)andplaced

neartheopening.索菲娅望着那些已经点亮的并放在洞口附近的灯笼

Thefire_____________(put)outwhenthefirefightersarrived.消防队员到达时火己经扑灭了.hadbeenlightedhadbeenput将来完成时表示以将来某个时间为标准，在此将来时间以前发生的动作或状态。主动语态：will+havedone被动语态：will+have+beendone(过去分词)Wewillhavecleanedtheclassroomby5o’clockTheclassroomwillhavebeencleanedby5o’clock.Thedrawing____________________

(complete)bytheendofthisweek.这幅画将在本周末完成。Thenewbooks___________________(enter)intheregisterbefore

anotherparcelarrives.这些新书在下一批书到来前将登记完毕。willhavebeencompleted

willhavebeenentered过去将来时从过去某个时间来看将要发生的事主动语态：woulddo\wasgoingto被动语态：would+bedone(过去分词)Wesaidwewould

cleantheclassroom.Wesaidtheclassroomwouldbe

cleanedbyus.Hesaidthework_______________(finish)inaweek.他说这项工作将在一周后完成。Shetoldmethatawonderfulplay________________(put)onat

thistheare.她告诉我这家的院将上演一出精彩的戏剧。wouldbefinishedwasgoingtobeputAreyoureadytogetfit?WearehappytoannouncethattheCommunitySportsCentrewillsoonbeopentothepubliconceagain!Ourfacilitieshavebeenenlargedandredone,andourcentreisnowbiggerandbetterthaneverbefore.Thefinishingtouchesarenowbeingputtoanewswimmingpoolandourworkoutroomshavebeenupdatedwithmodernequipment.Comebyandcheckthemout.v.宣布对…进行最后的润色已经被更新Therearealotoffitnesscoursesforyoutochoosefrom.Inresponsetopublicinterest,ouraerobicsclasshasbeenreplacedwithseveralfunoptions,includingmoderndance.Youcanfindmoredetailsaboutallourcoursesonourwebsite.Betterstill,wewillupdateourfitnesscourseseveryfewmonthssothatmorepopularcoursescanbeincluded.Weighttrainingclasses,forexample,arebeingdesignedandwillbeaddedtoourprogrammesoon.Wewillinviteprofessionalathletestobeourcoaches.Weareconfidentthatwehavesomethingforeveryone.Welookforwardtoseeingyouhere!回应v.代替n.体育生01Weusethepassivevoiceinthepresentcontinuoustensetotalkaboutsomethingthatisbeingdonerightnow.Theverbformis“(1)___________________Workingouttherulesis/are/ambeingdone

02Weusethepassivevoiceinthepresentperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthathasbeendone.Theverbformis“(2)__________________has/havebeendonePracticeChinesecartoonfilms;inthelastfewyearsInthelastfewyears,manyChinesecartoonfilms_______________.havebeenmadePracticewatch;nowWe_________________byhernow.arebeingwatched

Practicerobots;sofarSofar,plentyofrobots_____________________.havebeenproducedPracticeCovid-19;forTheCovid-19_______________for3years.hasbeenspreadPracticebeat;lookLook,he_____________bythecat.isbeingbeatenB1P211Thecitygovernmentisbuildinganewcommunitysportscentre.2Someworkersarepaintingthewallsintheworkoutrooms.3Peoplehavetoldmethenewworkoutroomsareverymodern.4Jenny'sPEteacherhasaskedhertomakeanexerciseplan.5Theteachersaretestingstudentsontheirknowledgeoffitness.Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingthepassivevoice.1Anewcommunitysportscentreisbeingbuilt(bythecitygovernment).2Thewallsintheworkoutroomsarebeingpainted(bysomeworkers).3Ihavebeentoldthatthenewworkoutroomsareverymodern.4Jennyhasbeenaskedtomakeanexerciseplan(byherPEteacher).5Studentsarebeingtestedontheirknowledgeoffitness(bytheteachers).1IvisitedthenewandimprovedCommunitySportsCentre.Itlooksamazing!Itisnotopentothepublicyet,butpreparations(1)_________________(make)presentlyforthereopening.Lotsofnewandmodernfacilities(2)_________________(put)inplace.Someoftheexercisemachines(3)_________________(test)byagroupofenergeticyoungpeoplenow.Awholenewrangeofcourses(4)_________________(design)forpeopleofallages,includingtaichiandboxing!ItriedouttheboxingclassandIlovedit!Thecoach,whowasaboxingchampion,waspatientandprofessional.Attheendoftheone-hourclass,Iwassweatingalloverbutfeltrelaxed.Despitealltheseimprovements,Ihavealsofoundsomethingthatstillneedstobedone:sofarnobasketballcourt(5)_________________(build).IloveplayingbasketballandIhopeabasketballcourtwillbebuiltinthenearfuture.Iamsureitwillmakethesportscentremorepopular.arebeingmadehavebeenputarebeingtestedhavebeendesignedhasbeenbuilt2Completethereviewwiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.B2P211.Greatchanges________place.Manynewschools________．A.havetaken;havebeenopenedB.take;areopenC.aretaken;open

D.havebeentaken;areopened2.Untilnow,hishomeworkhasnot_______finished.A.beingB.be C.been D.tobe3.Thewindow______.Youneednotwashitagain.A.iswashed B.waswashedC.hasbeenwashed D.willbewashed单项选择。4.Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholiday________yet.A.arenotdecided B.havenotbeendecidedC.isnotbeingdecidedD.hasnotbeendecided5.Nopermissionhas_______foranybodytoenterthebuilding.A.beengiven B.givenC.togive D.begiving6.Itiswell-knowntousthatalotofrivers______bythefactories.A.arepollutingB.havebeenpollutingC.arebeingpollutingD.arebeingpolluted7.—Haveyoumovedintothenewhouse?—Notyet.Therooms______.A.arebeingpaintedB.arepaintingC.arepaintedD.arebeingpaintingObserveanddecidehowtochangeasentenceintopassivevoice.Thepostmanhasdeliveredthemail.(Active)

Thedecoratorispaintingmyroom.(Active)ApplyingtherulesThemail

hasbeendelivered(bythepostman).

(Passive)Myroom

isbeingpainted

(bythedecorator).(Passive)Step1:Movetheobjecttothebeginningofthesentence.Step2:Change

theactiveformoftheverbintopassiveform,maintainingtenseofthesentence.Step3:Addthepreposition“by”beforetheoriginalsubject,ifyouwanttomentionit,Rememberitcanbeomitted.Workouttherules:Focusonsomespecialoccasions.Theyhavetalkedabouttheissue.(Active)

Ifthereisaprepositionbetweentheverbandtheobject,theprepositionwillremainaftertheverb.Theissuehasbeentalkedabout.(Passive)Theyhavesentusacopy.(Active)

Focusonsomespecialoccasions.Somesentenceshavebothadirectobject(直接宾语)(usuallyathing)andanindirectobject(间接宾语)

(usuallyaperson).Youcanchooseeitheronetoformulatethepassivesentence.We

havebeensentacopy.(Passive)Acopyhasbeensenttous.(Passive)

AschoolnewsreporterisinterviewingMrLin,aPEteacher,aboutthepreparationsfortheschoolsportsmeeting.Inpairs,usethechecklistbelowtorole-playtheinterview.3Reporter:MrLin,thankyouforagreeingtothisinterview.MayIaskwhathasbeenpreparedforthesportsmeeting?MrLin:Well,thedateofthesportsmeetinghasbeendecided:14May.…Reporter:Thankyouforyourtime,MrLin.Ihopetheschoolsportsmeetingwillbeagreatsuccess!B3P21Onepossibleversion：Reporter:MrLin,thankyouforagreeingtothisinterview.MayIaskwhathasbeenpreparedforthesportsmeeting?MrLin:Well,thedateofthesportsmeetinghasbeendecided:14May.Reporter:

Whataboutthelocation?MrLin:Thelocationhasbeendecided.Thesportsmeetingwillbeheldinthenewschoolsportscentre.Reporter:Howmanysportseventswilltherebeforthesportsmeetingthisyear?MrLin:Lastyear,wehad30medalevents.Fivemorearebeingconsideredforthisyear.Reporter:Whataretherulesforeachsport?MrLin:Theyhaven'tbeendecidedyet.Reporter:

Hasalltheequipmentbeenputinplaceyet?MrLin:No.Theequipmentisbeingpreparedfornow.Reporter:Thankyouforyourtime,MrLin.Ihopetheschoolsportsmeetingwillbeagreatsuccess!1.Deletetheshortmessageatonce!Manyaman______bysuchtricksuptonow.(2020届天津市河西区英语高三二模)A.arecheated

B.ischeatedC.havebeencheated D.hasbeencheated

2.(短文改错)Havinginformedoftheactivity,weputforwardideasaboutthecontentsoftheposter.Afterabriefdiscussion,weagreedonthesubjectsofAIand5G.

(2020届安徽省皖南八校高三临门一卷)^been1.

Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolar

bearsasmuchoftherangehasbeenpoorly(poor)

studied.(2019全国Ⅰ卷语法填空)由于大部分有关北极熊生活范围的研究还很少，所以很难统计出全球北极熊的数量。2.A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”forbeing(be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.

(2019全国Ⅱ卷语法填空)一位90岁老人因为是英国最年长的全职雇员而被评为“年度女性”。她仍然一周工作40个小时。TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.3.Wildlifehasbeengreatlythreatenedinthemodernage.(2019江苏完型填空)

当代野生动植物受到极大的威胁。4.

Useafireextinguisheronlyifyouhavebeentrained

todoso.(2018天津阅读A篇)

只有在你受过训练的前提下才可以使用灭火器。5.Sarahhasbeentold/wastold

(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain'snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinth