卓越研究生英语（理工篇）综合教程1 课件 B1U5 Odyssey beyond earth

UNIT5OdysseybeyondearthAfterstudyingthisunit,youwillbeableto:demonstratetheimpactofspaceexplorationonearthandthechallengesofitsfuturedevelopment;listenforinformationpresentedinchronologicalorder;annotateanacademictexteffectively;writeaprojectproposalforenhancinglifeonearththroughspaceexploration.Spaceexplorationisdrivenbythecontinuousevolutionoftechnology.Thedevelopmentofrockets,alongsideadvancesinelectronicsandothertechnologies,hasenabledourventureintothecosmicwonderlandandsearchtounravelthesecretsoftheuniverse.Theexplorationofspacehasmanyrisksandunknownchallenges,butitalsoyieldsunbelievablediscoveriesthatcaptivateourimaginationandadvanceourunderstandingofourworldand,fundamentally,ofourselves.China’sTiangongspacestation,whichiscurrentlyservinginorbit,isagoodexample.Howdothediscoveriesandachievementsinspaceexplorationdeepenourunderstandingoftheworld,andhowdotheyopenupnewpossibilitiesforourfuture?Whatchallengeslieahead?SettingLeadinginWorkinpairs.Readthedescriptionsoffivegreateventsinthehistoryofspaceexplorationanddiscussthesignificanceofeachevent.HowspaceexplorationisfuelingtheFourthIndustrialRevolutionAvideoaboutChina’slunarexplorationExploringViewingReadingInancienttimes,Chang’eflewtothemoon,andtoday,Chang’eexploresthemoon.Workinpairsanddiscussthequestions.1Whatsignificancedoesthename“Chang’e”holdforChina’slunarexplorationproject?2DoyouknowanyotherspaceexplorationprojectsorspacecraftwhosenamesareinspiredbyancientChinesemythologyandlegends?ViewingPre-viewingChineseLunarExplorationProgram,alsoknownastheChang’eProgram,wasfirstlaunchedin2004.Asof2020,whenChang’e-5broughtlunarsamplesbacktoearth,Chinahadcompletedthefirstthreephasesoftheprogram,whichwere“orbiting,landing,andreturning”(orbitingthemoon,soft-landingonthemoon,andreturningwithlunarsamples).Thefourthphaseisinprogressandisexpectedtobecompletedby2030.Thegoalofthefourthphaseistobuildabasicmodelofaninternationallunarscientificresearchstation.ChineseLunarExplorationProgramViewingBackgroundinformationPre-viewingWatchthevideoandcompletethefollowingexercises.ViewingAnalyticalviewingscriptOn2)______________,aLongMarchcarrierrocketbroughtChang’e-2totheearth-moontransferorbit.OnOctober24,2007,China’sfirstlunarorbiter,Chang’e-1,waslaunched.Chinaembarkedonits1)_______________________.CompletethetimelineoftheChang’emissionswithinformationfromthevideo.YoucanrefertotheAcademiclisteningskill.ViewingAnalyticalviewingfirstjourneytothemoonOctober1,2010ViewingandunderstandingOnDecember8,2018,aLongMarch-3BrocketcarriedtheChang’e-4probetospace,andmadethefirst-ever4)______________onthefarsideofthemooninhumanhistory.CompletethetimelineoftheChang’emissionswithinformationfromthevideo.YoucanrefertotheAcademiclisteningskill.ViewingAnalyticalviewingsoftlandingViewingandunderstandingOn5)_________________,theChang’e-5returnercarryinglunarsamplessafelylandedatthedesignatedlandingarea.December17,2020On3)________________,theChang’e-3lunarprobecarryingChina’sfirstmoonroverYutuwaslaunched.YutuleftChina’sfirstfootprintonthemoon.December2,2013★Watchthevideoclipagainandfillintheblankswithinformationfromthevideo.1)Chang’e-1gotthefirst-everhigh-resolutionimageofthemoon’ssurfaceandcapturedtheimageof__________________________ofthemoon.2)TheresolutionoftheimagetakenbyChang’e-2was_____________thanthattakenbyChang’e-1.3)Yutuenabledhumanstohaveacloselookattherealfaceofthemoonandprovided________________________forfutureresearch.4)In2009,Chinamadethefeasibilityassessmentforitsthird-phaselunarexplorationprogram,_________________,whichwastheworld’sfirstunmannedspacecraftto_______________________fromthemoon.ViewingAnalyticalviewingboththenorthandsouthpoles17timeshigherViewingandunderstandingaccuratefirst-handmaterialstheChang’e-5missioncollectandreturnsamplesChina’sChang’emissionshavesignificantlyadvanceditslunarexplorationefforts.IfChinaNationalSpaceAdministration(CNSA)weretocarryoutfurtherexplorationonthemooninthefuture,whattasksdoyouthinkcouldbeaccomplishedthere,andwhy?Workingroupsandshareyourideas.ViewingAnalyticalviewingThinkingbeyondUnderstandingthesequenceofevents,steps,ordevelopmentsastheyunfoldovertimeiscrucialincomprehendinginformationpresentedduringlecturesordiscussions.Listeningforchronologicalorderenhancesyourabilitytofollowandcomprehendthetemporalorganizationofcontent.Thisskillnotonlyfacilitatesadeeperunderstandingofcomplextopics,butalsohelpssynthesizeandretaininformation.Toimproveyourlisteningskill,consideremployingthefollowingstrategies:ListeningforchronologicalorderViewingAnalyticalviewingPayattentiontotemporalcuesToidentifytheorderinwhichevents,ideas,orexamplesarepresented,youcanlistenfornumericalorsequentialindicatorslikedates,years,steps,oraclearprogressionfrompasttopresent.Discoursemarkersoftimesuchasfirst,next,then,finally,after,before,orduringcanhelpidentifytransitionsbetweendifferentstagesortimeperiods.Inthevideo,forexample,youcanfollowthechronologicalprogressionofChina’slunarexplorationthroughthesequenceoftheChang’emissions.ViewingAnalyticalviewingListeningforchronologicalorderRecognizecause-and-effectrelationshipsUnderstandhoweventsoractionsleadtosubsequentoutcomes.Byidentifyingcausalconnections,youcanbettergraspthechronologicalflowofinformation.ConsidercontextualcluesTakenoteofcontextualinformationprovidedbythespeaker,includinghistoricalreferences,timelines,orreferencestoearlierorlateroccurrences.Thiscanhelpyouvisualizetheprogressionofeventsorideasandunderstandhowtheyrelatetoeachotherovertime.ViewingAnalyticalviewingListeningforchronologicalorderCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformofthewordsandphrasesbelow.aerospaceproberetrieveblastoffkickoffScientistsareusingadvancedtechnologytocontrolthetrajectoryofthe__________duringitslunarexploration.Thecountdownreachedzero,andtherocketcarryingcriticalsuppliestothespacestation__________,ascendingthroughtheatmosphereandleavingatrailoffire.Theabilityto__________andanalyzedatafromspacetelescopeshasrevolutionizedourunderstandingoftheuniverseanditsorigins.Advancementsin__________materialshaveledtolighter,strongerspacecraftcapableofresistingtheintenseconditionsofspacetravel.Theaerospaceindustryisaboutto__________aground-breakinginitiativetoinspirethenextgenerationofengineersandinnovators.probeblastedoffretrieveViewingLanguagefocusWordsandphrasesaerospacekickoffReadingPre-readingWorkinpairsanddiscussthequestions.1Whatdoyouknowaboutthefourindustrialrevolutions?TheFirstIndustrialRevolutionTheSecondIndustrialRevolution,ortheTechnologicalRevolutionTheThirdIndustrialRevolution,ortheDigitalRevolutionTheFourthIndustrialRevolution2Whataretheimpactsofeachindustrialrevolutionontheworld?ReadingPre-readingTheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(alsocalledJWSTorWebb)isalargeinfraredtelescopethatwasnamedafterJamesWebb,theadministratorofNASAduringtheApolloprogram.Ithasaprimarymirror6.5metersindiameter.WebbwaslaunchedfromESA’sspaceportinFrenchGuianaonDecember25,2021.Itstudieseveryphaseinthehistoryofouruniverse,rangingfromthefirstluminousglowsaftertheBigBang,totheevolutionofplanetarysystems,includingourownsolarsystem,tothepossibilityoflifeonotherplanetarysystems.1JamesWebbSpaceTelescopePre-readingReadingBackgroundinformationAsatelliteconstellationisagroupofsatellitesthatworktogetherasasystem.Thesesatellitescommunicatewithgroundstationslocatedworldwideandareofteninterconnected.Designedtocomplementeachother,theyfunctionasacohesiveunit.Bothexistingandnewsatelliteconstellationsservevariouspurposes,includingtheInternetofThings,telecommunications,navigation,weathermonitoring,andearthandspaceobservation,tonameafew.2SatelliteconstellationPre-readingReadingBackgroundinformationInclusiveprosperityistheconceptthatindividualsfromdiversebackgroundscanbenefitfromeconomicgrowth,newtechnologies,andtheadvantagesofglobalization.Achievinginclusiveprosperityrequiresprovidingeveryonewithaccesstoqualityeducationandskillstrainingopportunities.3InclusiveprosperityPre-readingReadingBackgroundinformationThesediscoveriesonlyscratchthesurfaceofwhatwillcomefromthetelescope,thankstodecadesofinvestmentandcontinuousadvancementsinscience,whicharethebackboneofthisunprecedenteddiscovery.(Para.1)Meaning:Thesefindingsjustrepresentonlyasmallfractionofwhatthetelescopewillreveal,thankstoyearsoffundingandongoingprogressinscience,whichformthefoundationofthisremarkablediscovery.scratchthesurfacedealwithonlyaverysmallpartofasubjectoraproblem仅触及问题的表面Currentresearchonblackholeshasonlyscratchedthesurface,leavingmanyfundamentalquestionsabouttheirnatureunanswered.LanguagepointsReadingThesediscoveriesonlyscratchthesurfaceofwhatwillcomefromthetelescope,thankstodecadesofinvestmentandcontinuousadvancementsinscience,whicharethebackboneofthisunprecedenteddiscovery.(Para.1)Notes这句话的主干结构是Thesediscoveriesonlyscratchthesurfaceofwhatwillcomefromthetelescope，其中whatwillcomefromthetelescope是介词宾语，表示这些发现只是望远镜未来成果的冰山一角。接下来的介词短语thankstodecadesofinvestmentandcontinuousadvancementsinscience用来说明原因，解释为什么这些发现只是冰山一角。最后一个部分是非限制性定语从句whicharethebackboneofthisunprecedenteddiscovery，修饰前面的decadesofinvestmentandcontinuousadvancementsinscience，进一步说明这些投资和科学进步是这一前所未有的发现的基础。LanguagepointsReading2.BeyondtheWebbTelescope,furtherdiscoveriesinspacearerapidlyaccelerating,creatinganexcitingnewparadigmforspacethatincludesnewplayers,trends,opportunities,andchallenges,allproppedupbytheconvergenceofadvancedtechnologiesthatareapartoftheongoing,broaderFourthIndustrialRevolution(4IR).(Para.2)Meaning:BeyondtheWebbTelescope,newbreakthroughsinspacearerapidlyunfolding,markingthebeginningofanexcitingnewphaseforspaceexploration.Thisphaseincludesnewparticipants,trends,opportunities,andchallenges,alldrivenbythemergingofadvancedtechnologiesthatarepartofthebroader,ongoingFourthIndustrialRevolution(4IR).LanguagepointsReading2.BeyondtheWebbTelescope,furtherdiscoveriesinspacearerapidlyaccelerating,creatinganexcitingnewparadigmforspacethatincludesnewplayers,trends,opportunities,andchallenges,allproppedupbytheconvergenceofadvancedtechnologiesthatareapartoftheongoing,broaderFourthIndustrialRevolution(4IR).(Para.2)paradigmn.[C]

(fml.)aparticularwayofdoingsth.orthinkingaboutsth.,whichisgenerallyacceptedorcopied（被普遍接受或模仿的）做事方法，思维方式Theinventionofthetelephonebroughtaboutaparadigmshiftincommunicationfromwrittenletterstoinstantconversations.prop(sth.)upsupportsth.orhelpsth.tosurvive支撑；维持Thegovernmentmadeeffortstopropuptheculturalheritagesitebypromotingconservationprograms.LanguagepointsReading2.BeyondtheWebbTelescope,furtherdiscoveriesinspacearerapidlyaccelerating,creatinganexcitingnewparadigmforspacethatincludesnewplayers,trends,opportunities,andchallenges,allproppedupbytheconvergenceofadvancedtechnologiesthatareapartoftheongoing,broaderFourthIndustrialRevolution(4IR).(Para.2)convergencen.[C,U]thefactthattwoormorethings,ideas,etc.becomesimilarorcometogether（观点等）趋于一致，趋同；会合；聚集Theconvergenceoftechnologyandhealthcarehasledtothedevelopmentofinnovativemedicaldevicestoimprovepatientcare.译文：除了韦布望远镜，太空中的进一步发现正在迅猛发展，创造了一个令人兴奋的太空新范式，包括新参与者、新趋势、新机遇和新挑战，这一切都得益于正在进行的、更广泛的第四次工业革命中先进技术的融合。LanguagepointsReading3.Goingforward,companiesandgovernmentsareexploringhow3Dprintinginorbitcantakeadvantageofthemicrogravityinspacetoprintfiberopticcables,tools,andconstructionmaterialsinnew,moreeffectiveways.(Para.4)Meaning:Lookingahead,companiesandgovernmentsareinvestigatinghow3Dprintinginmicrogravitycanmoreeffectivelyproducefiberopticcables,tools,andconstructionmaterialsinspace.goingforwardused,esp.inbusiness,tomean“inthefuture”（尤指在商务活动中）未来Giventhechangingconsumerpreferences,goingforwardthesalespersonsareplanningtotailortheirapproachtotheevolvingdemands.LanguagepointsReading3.Goingforward,companiesandgovernmentsareexploringhow3Dprintinginorbitcantakeadvantageofthemicrogravityinspacetoprintfiberopticcables,tools,andconstructionmaterialsinnew,moreeffectiveways.(Para.4)takeadvantageofsth./sb.1)makeuseofsth.well;makeuseofanopportunity利用；利用（机会）Theyplannedtotakeadvantageoftheholidayweekendtogoonahikingtripinthemountains.2)makeuseofsb./sth.inawaythatisunfairordishonest欺骗；占…的便宜Someprivatespaceventurestakeadvantageoflessknowledgeableinvestorsbyexaggeratingtheirtechnologicalcapabilitiesandpotentialreturns.LanguagepointsReading4.Reusablerocketsarealsobecomingareality,makingtripstothelowerearthorbitmoresustainableandaccessibleforindividualsandforcompaniesinindustriesfrompharmaceuticalstoenergythatmayeventuallyoperatethereastheytakeadvantageofthemicrogravityandotherphysicalcharacteristics.(Para.4)Meaning:Thedevelopmentofreusablerocketsisrevolutionizingspacetravel,makingitmoreaffordableandmorelikelytolastforalongtimeforindividualsandcompanies.Industriessuchaspharmaceuticalsandenergymaysoonoperateinlowerearthorbittoexploitthebenefitsofmicrogravityandotheruniquephysicalconditions.LanguagepointsReading4.Reusablerocketsarealsobecomingareality,makingtripstothelowerearthorbitmoresustainableandaccessibleforindividualsandforcompaniesinindustriesfrompharmaceuticalstoenergythatmayeventuallyoperatethereastheytakeadvantageofthemicrogravityandotherphysicalcharacteristics.(Para.4)sustainablea.1)thatcancontinueorbecontinuedforalongtime可持续的Thekeytosustainableweightlossisadoptinghealthyeatinghabitsandaregularexerciseroutineratherthanquick-fixdiets.2)involvingtheuseofnaturalproductsandenergyinawaythatdoesnotharmtheenvironment（对自然资源和能源的利用）不破坏生态平衡的，合理利用的Thecompany’scommitmenttosustainablepracticesincludesreducingcarbonemissionsandimplementingeco-friendlytechnologies.LanguagepointsReading5.Theincreaseinsmallsatelliteshasledtoahugegrowthinsensorswhichisshepherdingtheentryofnewcompaniesthatleverageremotesensorsinspacetobeabletocaptureimagesandpowertechnologiesonearth.(Para.5)Meaning:Thesurgeinsmallsatelliteshasresultedinasignificantexpansionofsensors,facilitatingtheemergenceofnewcompaniesthatuseremotesensorsinspacetotakeimagesandpowertechnologiesonearth.译文：小型卫星的增加导致传感器的大量增长，这推动了新公司的进入。这些公司利用太空中的远程传感器来捕捉图像并为地球上的技术提供动力。LanguagepointsReading5.Theincreaseinsmallsatelliteshasledtoahugegrowthinsensorswhichisshepherdingtheentryofnewcompaniesthatleverageremotesensorsinspacetobeabletocaptureimagesandpowertechnologiesonearth.(Para.5)shepherdvt.guidesb.oragroupofpeoplesomewhere,makingsuretheygowhereyouwantthemtogo带领；引；护送Thecoach’sroleistoshepherdathletesthroughtheirphysicaltrainingandmentalpreparationforcompetitions.n.[C]

apersonwhosejobistotakecareofsheep牧羊人；羊倌Theshepherd’sknowledgeofthesheep’sbehaviorandinstinctsallowedhimtoanticipatetheirneedsandmakeinformeddecisions.LanguagepointsReading5.Theincreaseinsmallsatelliteshasledtoahugegrowthinsensorswhichisshepherdingtheentryofnewcompaniesthatleverageremotesensorsinspacetobeabletocaptureimagesandpowertechnologiesonearth.(Para.5)leveragevt.spreadoruseresources,ideas,etc.againinseveraldifferentwaysorindifferentpartsofacompany,system,etc.充分利用（资源、观点等）Thecompanyaimstoleverageitsglobalnetworkofpartnerstoexpanditsreachintonewmarkets.n.[U]influencethatyoucanusetomakepeopledowhatyouwant影响Thewayinwhichthemediapresentseventscanexertsignificantleverageonpublicopinions.LanguagepointsReading6.Thesesatelliteconstellationsproduceanenormousamountofdata,whichisleadingtothehugegrowthinthedemandfordatastorageandanalysis,withcompaniesusingAI,especiallymachinelearninganddeeplearning,toconvertdataintointelligencethatpowersarangeofcommercialusesincludingmonitoringfoodsupply,trackinggreenhousegasemissions,andmonitoringenergysupplychains.(Para.5)Meaning:Thesegroupsofsatellitesgenerateavastvolumeofdata,drivingasubstantialincreaseintheneedfordatastorageandanalysis.CompaniesareusingAI,particularlymachinelearninganddeeplearning,toturnthisdataintousefulinformationforvariouscommercialapplications,includingmonitoringfoodsupply,trackinggreenhousegasemissions,andoverseeingenergysupplychains.译文：这些卫星星座产生了大量数据，导致对数据存储和分析的需求大幅增长。公司使用人工智能，尤其是机器学习和深度学习，将数据转化为智能，用于一系列商业用途，包括监控食品供应、追踪温室气体排放和监控能源供应链。LanguagepointsReading6.Thesesatelliteconstellationsproduceanenormousamountofdata,whichisleadingtothehugegrowthinthedemandfordatastorageandanalysis,withcompaniesusingAI,especiallymachinelearninganddeeplearning,toconvertdataintointelligencethatpowersarangeofcommercialusesincludingmonitoringfoodsupply,trackinggreenhousegasemissions,andmonitoringenergysupplychains.(Para.5)convert

v.changeormakesth.changefromoneform,purpose,system,etc.toanother（使）转变，转换，转化Theartist’sgoalwastoconvertrawemotionsintopowerfulvisualrepresentationsthroughherpaintings.LanguagepointsReading6.Thesesatelliteconstellationsproduceanenormousamountofdata,whichisleadingtothehugegrowthinthedemandfordatastorageandanalysis,withcompaniesusingAI,especiallymachinelearninganddeeplearning,toconvertdataintointelligencethatpowersarangeofcommercialusesincludingmonitoringfoodsupply,trackinggreenhousegasemissions,andmonitoringenergysupplychains.(Para.5)Notes这句话的结构较为复杂，主句是Thesesatelliteconstellationsproduceanenormousamountofdata。紧接着是一个非限制性定语从句whichisleadingtothehugegrowthinthedemandfordatastorageandanalysis，修饰前面的主句，解释大量数据所带来的结果。随后的介词短语withcompaniesusingAI,…andmonitoringenergysupplychainsespeciallymachinelearninganddeeplearning,toconvertdataintointelligence进一步说明数据增长的背景。LanguagepointsReading7.Thedecreasingcostscoupledwithmorewidespreadtechnologicaladoptionunderpinnedbythe4IRhaveledtoanunprecedentederaofaccessibilityfornewplayersinthespaceindustry,fromstateactorstoprivatecompanies.(Para.6)Meaning:Thecombinationoflowerexpensesandbroaderuseoftechnologysupportedbythe4IRhasledtoanunparallelederaofopportunityfornewcomersinthespaceindustry,includingbothgovernmentalentitiesandprivatecompanies.译文：随着成本的降低和第四次工业革命推动下更广泛的技术应用，航天行业的新参与者，包括国企和私企，迎来了一个前所未有的开放时代。LanguagepointsReading8.Forexample,newlaunchcapabilitiescouldenabletheuseofsolarfactoriesinorbitoronthemoonthatcanbeamsolarenergybacktoearth,along-awaitedgoalhinderedbyhighcosts.(Para.7)Meaning:Forinstance,advancementsinlaunchtechnologycouldmakeitfeasibletousesolarfactoriesinspaceoronthemoonthatcansendsolarenergybacktoearth,achievingalong-desiredgoalthatwaspreviouslytoocostly.long-awaiteda.thatpeoplehavebeenwaitingforalongtime等待（或期待）已久的Thelong-awaitedlaunchofthenewspacetelescopepromisestorevolutionizeourunderstandingoftheuniverse.LanguagepointsReading9.Now,withmorecompanieseitherlookingtomovetheiroperationstospaceortobringmorepeopletospace,thedemandformanufacturinginspaceisincreasingasawaytolimitthetimeandcostittakestotransportmaterialsfromearth.(Para.7)Meaning:Currently,asmorecompaniesconsiderrelocatingtheiroperationstospaceorbringingmorepeopletospace,thereisagrowingneedforin-spacemanufacturingtoreducethetimeandexpensesinvolvedintransportingmaterialsfromearth.belookingtodosth.trytofindwaysofdoingsth.试图找到做某事的方法Spaceagenciesarelookingtoestablishpermanenthabitatsonthemoontosupportlong-termscientificresearchandexploration.LanguagepointsReading10.Theemergenceoftheprivatespacesectorinothercountriescouldmeanthatcollaborationwillbekeyirrespectiveofanyexistingtensionsorvulnerabilitieswithingovernmentsorgeopoliticalrelationships.(Para.8)Meaning:Theriseoftheprivatespacesectorinvariouscountriessuggeststhatcooperationwillbeessential,regardlessofexistinggovernmentaltensionsorgeopoliticalissues.irrespectivead.(~of)withoutconsidering;notneedingtoallowfor不考虑地；不顾地Thisscholarshipprogramisdesignedtoprovidestudentswiththeopportunitytopursuehighereducationirrespectiveoftheirsocioeconomicbackground.LanguagepointsReading10.Theemergenceoftheprivatespacesectorinothercountriescouldmeanthatcollaborationwillbekeyirrespectiveofanyexistingtensionsorvulnerabilitieswithingovernmentsorgeopoliticalrelationships.(Para.8)Notesregardlessof和withoutrespectto和irrespectiveof意义相近，都可以表示“不论；不考虑；不顾”。例如：ThemissiontoMarswillproceedwithoutrespecttothepoliticalclimateonearth,focusingsolelyonscientificobjectives.Irrespectiveofnationalboundaries,internationalcollaborationinspaceexplorationaimstobenefitallofhumanity.LanguagepointsReading11.Whilecompetitioncandrivebreakthroughsatunprecedentedspeeds,itcansimultaneouslyleadtothedevelopmentandapplicationoftechnologiesunderdifferingmotivationsthatmightnotservethewidestrangeofstakeholdersandsociety.(Para.10)Meaning:Althoughcompetitioncanacceleratebreakthroughsatremarkablespeeds,itcanalsoresultinthedevelopmentanduseoftechnologiesdrivenbydifferentmotives,whichmaynotbenefitthebroadestrangeofstakeholdersandsociety.servevt.beusefultosb.inachievingorsatisfyingsth.对…有用；能满足…的需要Theuniversity’sextensivenetworkofonlineresourcesservesthestudentsandfacultybyofferingunparalleledaccesstoacademicmaterialsandresearchtools.LanguagepointsReading12.Rightnow,therearealotoffirst-moveradvantagesassomespaceexplorationandspacetechnologyapplicationsareattheinitialstagesofdevelopment.(Para.12)Meaning:Currently,therearesignificantbenefitsforthosewhoactfirstbecausemanyspaceexplorationandspacetechnologyapplicationsarestillintheirearlydevelopmentstages.Notesfirst-moveradvantage指的是在某个新市场或新技术领域中，最早进入的公司或个人能够获得的竞争优势。这种优势可能包括品牌认知度的建立、市场份额的占领以及对资源的优先获取等。LanguagepointsReading13.Asethicalandregulatoryframeworkscontinuetobedeveloped,itwillbecriticalthattheprivatesectorisincludedasamainvoiceamongmanystakeholders.(Para.12)Meaning:Asethicalandregulatoryframeworkscontinuetoevolve,itisessentialthattheprivatesectorplaysaprominentroleamongthevariousstakeholders.Notes句中mainvoice指在某个讨论或决策过程中，具有主要影响力或发言权的参与者，用来强调在制定政策或法规时，某个群体或个人的重要性和影响力。例如：Asnewspaceregulationsaredrafted,thescientificcommunitymustbeincludedasamainvoicetoensurethatresearchneedsareadequatelyaddressed.LanguagepointsReading14.Inclusiveandsustainableprosperitycouldbecomemoreofarealityshouldtheworldovercomethechallengesandseizetheopportunitiesacceleratedbyadvancedspacetechnologies.(Para.13)Meaning:Achievingwidespreadandlong-lastingprosperitycouldbecomearealityiftheworldsuccessfullyaddressesthechallengesandcapitalizesontheopportunitiespresentedbyadvancedspacetechnologies.译文：如果世界能够克服挑战并抓住先进太空技术带来的机遇，包容的、可持续的繁荣将变得更加现实。LanguagepointsReading14.Inclusiveandsustainableprosperitycouldbecomemoreofarealityshouldtheworldovercomethechallengesandseizetheopportunitiesacceleratedbyadvancedspacetechnologies.(Para.13)Notes1)moreof用来表示某事物在某种程度上变得更加真实或明显。在这个句子中，moreofareality意味着包容性和可持续的繁荣将变得更加现实或更有可能实现。例如：Withbetterplanning,theprojectcouldbecomemoreofasuccess.2)这个句子使用了should倒装结构（shouldtheworldovercomethechallenges）来强调假设条件，表示“如果世界能够克服这些挑战”。Should倒装结构是条件句的一种形式，通常用于正式或书面语中。它省略了条件从句的if，并将should置于句首，从而形成倒装结构。这句话的正常语序相当于Iftheworldshouldovercomethechallenges,inclusiveandsustainableprosperitycouldbecomemoreofareality。LanguagepointsReadingWhatarethetrendsinspaceexplorationwiththeongoing4IR?Whatopportunitiesarethusbroughtabout?Completethediagrambasedontheannotationsofthetext.AnalyticalreadingReadingReadingandunderstandingMutuallyreinforcingrelationshipbetweenthe4IRandspaceexploration:Scientificprogressisleadingtoadvancesinspaceexploration.Advancesinspaceexplorationareleadingto1)______________________________.Twokeytrendshavethusemerged:Decreasinglaunchcosts2)____________________________________________increasingcapabilitiesofsmallersatellitesnewtechnologiesandapplicationsAnalyticalreadingReadingReadingand