WeleUnitDiscoveringUsefulStructures课件高中英语精美课件与练习

WelcomeUnitDiscoveringUsefulSentencesLeadinGrammarplays

an

essential

roleinlanguagelearning.Whatdoyouthinkofgrammar?Why?LeadinvocabularyIflanguageislikeatree,whatcangrammarbeandwhatcanvocabularybe?grammarwithoutvocabularywithoutgrammar××LeadinThat’swhyweneedtolearnbothvocabularyandgrammar.meaning?LeadinTheroleofgrammaristohelpusorganizewordsinorder,sowecanmakecorrectsentences.ShortsentencesYouarebeautiful.LongsentencesButIbelievethatthereisonethingthatneverescapesus,thetasteforthefoodwegrewupwith.Tostudygrammar,westartwithbasicsentencestructures.PartOne

常见句子成分GrammarS表示“主语（subject）”V

表示“谓语（predicate）”O表示“宾语（object）”IO表示“间接宾语（indirectobject）”DO表示“直接宾语（directobject）”P表示“表语（predicative）”Attr.

表示定语(attributive)A表示

“状语（adverbial）”C表示“补足语（complement）”Toseeistobelieve.Whathehassaidistrue.TVnewsoftengivesuslotsofinformation.Cyclingandboatingaremyfavoritefreetimeinterests.主语：句子的主体；谓语陈述、说明的对象，说明动作由“谁”发出。Itdrivesmemadtoteachher.It’sapitythatyoumissedtheexcitingfootballmatch.注意：主语一般位于句首，但若不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从句作主语，常用it作形式主语，则把真正的主语放在句后。主语即学即练找出下列句子的主语。Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.

Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.Runningisgoodforourhealth.

Tostudyhardisyourduty.

Shelikesdancing.

WhatIwantissomeapples.谓语：表示主语的行为或状态；是英语句子的灵魂、核心。一般在主语之后。谓语中最重要的是谓语动词(通常由实义动词充当)，它有时态，语态的变化，并受主语人称和数的影响。简单谓语：由动词或动词词组组成Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Tomlooksforwardto

meetingthenewexchangestudent.复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词组成HecanspeakEnglishwell.Iwillreturnyouthebooktomorrow.谓语实义动词有实在意义并能独立作谓语。助动词本身没有意义，不单独作谓语，协助主要动词构成谓语。情态动词有一定词义，不能单独作谓语，后加动词原形。系动词有词义，但不能独立做谓语，必须和表语构成主系表结构。动词的分类behavedowillcanmustmayneedshallreadeatdrinkamkeepstaysoundbecome即学即练找出下列句子的谓语。Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.Thepoorarelivingintheshelter.Runningisgoodforourhealth.

Hedoesn’tlikefruit.

Atigereatsmeat.WhatIwantissomeapples.注意：复合谓语的划分要把时态、被动语态、情态动词和否定词归入进去。助动词和情态动词须和实义动词一起构成谓语！宾语：动作的承受者，表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者。宾语一般位于及物动词和介词之后。Thechildrenareflyingkites.Doyoumindpassingmethedictionary？Shedidn'tsayanything.Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?宾语SomestudentsfinditdifficulttostudyEnglish.Mostofusthink

it

nousearguingwithher.注意：不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、名词性从句作宾语，常用it作形式宾语，则把真正的宾语放在句后。在动词后方所跟的双宾语中表示物的叫做直接宾语

directobject

（简称“直宾”）表示人的叫做间接宾语

indirectobject

（简称“间宾”）常见接双宾语的动词：teach,buy,bring,take,give,send,sell,show,tell,write,lend,make...双宾语（IO+DO）Shegavehim

abook.Tompassedher

aruler.Mumboughtme

asweater.Hetaughtus

Chinese.常借助介词to的常用动词teach/tellsb.sth=teach/tellsth.tosb.take/bring/givesb.sth=take/bring/givesthtosb.Show/

send/writesb.sth.=show/send/writesth.tosb.

常借助介词for的常用动词buysb.sth=buysth.forsb.lendsb.sth.（借）=lendsth.forsb.makesb.sth=makesth.forsb.双宾语易位VS

表语：描述主语的特征，用来说明主语的身份、性质、状况等，位于系动词后。Theflowersmells

sweet.Myhobbyis

collectingstamps.Englishis

bothusefulandimportant.Thatis

whyhedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday.表语系动词：起连接主语和表语作用，本身有一定词义，它和实义动词一样有时态变化，也受主语人称和数的影响。即学即练找出下列句子的宾语。Theproblemremainstobesettled.Youlookyoungerthanbefore.Myfatherisateacher.Theyareatthetheatre.Everythinglooksdifferent.Herjobistrainingthenurses.宾语补足语：用来补充说明宾语的动作或状态。Wesawhimplaysoccer.Theymade

hertheir

monitor.Mymotheralwayskeepseverythingingoodorder.Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselflyinginthestreet.常见接宾语补足语的动词：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.宾语补足语ObjectComplement宾补与双宾语的区别是什么呢？Hewasseentogoupstairs.Hecamehomeoutofhumour.Tiredandsleepy,Iwenttobed.Startingasastreetvender,heisnowamanagerofafamouscompany.

主语补足语：对主语进行补充说明。主语补足语SubjectComplement

定语：修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质、特征常位于名词前、或名词后。注意：单个词作定语时常放在被修饰词之前(前置定语)，而短语或从句作定语时，则放在被修饰词之后(后置定语)。定语AttributiveTheseareappletress.Ihavenotimetotravelinspring.ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter.Themenherearealwaysbusyworkingonthefarm.Iwillbebackinawhile.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.Hegotupsolatethathemissedthetrain.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.状语：说明动作何时、何地、如何发生；说明形容词或副词的程度。用于修饰形容词,副词,动词或句子。位置自由自在。类型：表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。状语Adverbial即学即练找出下列句子的状语。Iwaitedtoseeyou.I'mverypleasedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.You

each

haveachancetogotocollege.We

students

shouldputourheartintothestudy.IamLiHua,

aChinesestudentstudyinginLondon.

ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.

同位语用于主语、宾语等进一步解释说明。同位语AppositivePartTwo

基本句型结构Grammar主谓结构：主语＋谓语Hesetoff.Thesunisrising.Thelittleboyiscrying.Theboy'sdreamcametrue.此句型中的谓语为

或不及物动词短语，故其后不能接宾语，也

被动语态。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。不及物动词没有setoff意为“出发；动身”，是不及物动词短语，其后不能接宾语。主谓宾结构：主语＋谓语＋宾语此句型中的谓语必须是

或及物动词短语，一般有被动语态。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句等。Iwanttohaveacupoftea.Studentshavedifferentopinions.Ourschoolwillholdasportsmeet.Thestudentshaveknowntheanswer.及物动词注意：在“动词＋介词”的动词短语中，宾语只能跟在介词之后；在“动词＋副词”的动词短语中，作宾语的名词放在副词前、后皆可，而作宾语的代词只能放在副词之前。PleasewakeLiLingup(＝wakeupLiLing)．(√)Pleasewakeherup.(√)Pleasewakeupher.(×)主(系)表结构：主语＋系动词＋表语Everythinglooksdifferent.Allofthemwereamazed.Theproblemremainstobesettled.Thesesuggestionsareofgreatimportance.此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子的系动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语，才能表达完整的意思。表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语、动名词等。常见的系动词有：be动词感官系动词(sound,

look,

smell,

taste,

feel)变化系动词(become,

get,

grow,

turn,

go,

fall,

run)持续系动词(remain,

keep,

hold,

stay)表象系动词(seem,

appear,

look)等。主谓宾宾结构:主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语Heboughtmeabirthdaypresent.Ishowedhimmypictures.Irememberyoushowedmesomephotosonthattheme.Besides,nothingcouldbebetterifyoucould

offermesomeinformation.此句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，指人的宾语称为间接宾语，指物的宾语称为直接宾语。通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，但间接宾语前需用介词for或to。间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有：buy、fetch、save、choose、sing等。间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有：give、tell、teach、write、bring、lend、hand、show、offer、send、pay、order等。主谓宾补结构：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语Miketoldmenottogo.Thenewsmadeeveryoneofusveryhappy.Sheaskedthestudentstheirnames.WeallheardhimreadingEnglishaloud.此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。常见能够接宾补的动词有：使役动词：keep,

make,let,have,leave,get等；感官动词或短语：see,watch,notice,observe,find,catch,lookat,listento,hear,feel,smell等；后跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词：ask,tell,order,request,permit,persuade等。主谓状：主语＋谓语＋状语Theytalkedforhalfanhour.The