大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷58（共205题）

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷58（共9套）（共205题）大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第1套一、仔细阅读(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)Here'sawarningfromhealthexperts:Sittingisdeadly.Scientistsareincreasinglywarningthatsittingforprolongedperiods—evenifyoualsoexerciseregularly—couldbebadforyourhealth.Anditdoesn'tmatterwherethesittingtakesplace—attheoffice,atschool,inthecarorbeforeacomputerorTV—justtheoverallnumberofhoursitoccurs.Researchispreliminary,butseveralstudiessuggestpeoplewhospendmostoftheirdayssittingaremorelikelytobefat,haveaheartattackorevendie.InaneditorialpublishedthisweekintheBritishJournalofSportsMedicine,ElinEkblom-BakoftheSwedishSchoolofSportandHealthSciencessuggestedthatauthoritiesrethinkhowtheydefinephysicalactivitytohighlightthedangersofsitting.Whilehealthofficialshaveissuedguidelinesrecommendingminimumamountsofphysicalactivity,theyhaven'tsuggestedpeopletrytolimithowmuchtimetheyspendinaseatedposition."Afterfourhoursofsitting,thebodystartstosendharmfulsignals,"Ekblom-Baksaid.Sheexplainedthatgenesregulatingtheamountofglucoseandfatinthebodystarttoshutdown.Evenforpeoplewhoexercise,spendinglongstretchesoftimesittingatadeskisstillharmful.TimArmstrong,aphysicalactivityexpertattheWorldHealthOrganization,saidpeoplewhoexerciseeveryday—butstillspendalotoftimesitting—mightgetmorebenefitifthatexercisewerespreadacrosstheday,ratherthaninasinglebout.Thatwasn'twelcomenewsforAytekinCan,31,whoworksataLondonfinancialcompany,andspendsmostofhisdayssittinginfrontofacomputer.Severaleveningsaweek,Canalsoteachesjiujitsu,aJapanesemartialartinvolvingwrestling,andalsodoesThaiboxing."I'msuretherearesomedetrimentaleffectsofstayingstillfortoolong,butIhopethatbeingactivewhenIcanhelps,"hesaid."Iwouldn'twanttothinkthesittingcouldbethatdangerous."Still,inastudypublishedlastyearthattrackedmorethan17,000Canadiansforaboutadozenyears,researchersfoundpeoplewhosatmorehadahigherdeathrisk,independentlyofwhetherornottheyexercised.FiguresfromaUSsurveyin2003-2004foundAmericansspendmorethanhalftheirtimesitting,fromworkingattheirdeskstosittingincars.Expertssaidmoreresearchisneededtofigureoutjusthowmuchsittingisdangerous,andwhatmightbepossibletooffsetthoseeffects."Peopleshouldkeepexercisingbecausethathasalotofbenefits,"Ekblom-Baksaid."Butwhenthey'reintheoffice,theyshouldtrytointerruptsittingasoftenaspossible,"shesaid."Don'tjustsendyourcolleagueane-mail.Walkoverandtalktohim.Standup."1、Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?A、Exercisingmorecanreducetheharmbroughtbysitting.B、Sittingforalongtimeisharmfulforpeople’shealth.C、Exercisingregularlyisalsobadforpeople’shealth.D、Whereyousitwillnotaffectyourhealth.标准答案：B知识点解析：主旨题。文章开头讲到“Here’sawarningfromhealthexperts：Sittingisdeadly．”(健康专家发出警告：久坐会致命)，然后展开来讲久坐有害健康：即使经常锻炼身体，不管你坐在哪里，久坐都有害健康。故第一段的中心思想是：久坐有害健康。B项正确。2、Ifsomeonespendsmostofhisdayssitting,thefollowingwillbelikelytobecausedexcept______.A、hewillbelikelytobefatB、hemayhaveaheartattackC、hemayhaveastomachacheD、hemayevendieifsittingtoolong标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据题干中的“Ifsomeonespendsmostofhisdayssitting。”可定位至第二段“Researchispreliminary，butseveralstudiessuggestpeoplewhospendmostoftheirdayssittingaremorelikelytobefat，haveaheartattackorevendie”，由此可知，每天大部分时间都处于静坐状态的人更容易发胖、患心脏病甚至死亡。但文中并没有提到久坐会引起胃痛，故选择C项。3、Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"Evenforpeoplewhoexercise,spendinglongstretchesoftimesittingatadeskisstillharmful?"(Para.6)?A、Exercisingcan’thelpreducetheharmcausedbysitting.B、Theharmdependsontheprolongedtimesittingatadesk.C、Exercisingisnotnecessaryforpeople.D、Exercisinghasnoadvantagesforpeoplewhooftensit.标准答案：B知识点解析：推断题。题干中的句子意为“即使对那些经常锻炼的人来说，长时间坐着也有害。”该句所在段讲到，世界卫生组织的身体锻炼专家蒂姆·阿姆斯特朗说，对于那些每天锻炼但依然有很多时间是处于静坐状态的人来说．如果每天的锻炼可分散进行而不是一次集中完成，效果会更好。由此可推知，久坐的危害取决于持续很长时间的坐的动作。如果锻炼时间和坐下来的时间都很集中。那么危害就很大。因此，正确答案是B。4、Whatdoesthelastparagraphshow?A、Tointerruptsittingasoftenaspossibleisgoodforpeople’shealth.B、Sittingforlongtimecanhardlybeavoided.C、Keepexercisingcaneliminatetheharmofsitting.D、Officeworkersdon’tliketoexercise.标准答案：A知识点解析：推断题。文章最后一段讲到，“人们应该坚持锻炼，因为锻炼身体益处多多。但当他们在办公室时，应该尽可能多地起来活动活动”，也就是尽可能多的中断坐的时间会对人的健康有益。A项正确。5、Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A、PeopleshouldkeepexercisingB、Exercisingmaynotreducetheharmofsitting.C、Sittingforlongtimeisdeadly.D、Howtoeliminatetheharmofsitting?标准答案：C知识点解析：主旨题。本文主要讲述、了久坐危害健康，甚至引起死亡的研究发现，也就是文章开头，提到的“Sittingisdeadly．”(久坐会致命)，C项正确，A项突出了“exercising”，偷换了文章主题；B项意为“锻炼身体可能不会缓解久坐的危害”，该说法片面：D选项意为“如何消除久坐的危害?”文章倒数第二段提到“Expertssaidmoreresearchisneededtofigureoutjusthowmuchsittingisdangerous，andwhatmightbepossibletooffsetthoseeffects．”，可见目前还没有发现消除久坐危害的对策，故错误。We'vegotitallwrong,saysCarlosSlim,theMexicantelecomstycoonandworld'ssecond-richestman:weshouldbeworkingonlythreedaysaweek.AttendingabusinessconferenceinParaguay,Mr.Slimsaiditwastimefora"radicaloverhaul"ofpeople'sworkinglives.Insteadofbeingabletoretireat50or60,hesays,weshouldworkuntilweareolder—buttakemoretimeoffaswedoso."Peoplearegoingtohavetoworkformoreyears,untiltheyare70or75,andjustworkthreedaysaweek—perhaps11hoursaday,"hetoldtheconference,accordingtoPnewsagency."Withthreeworkdaysaweek,wewouldhavemoretimetorelaxforqualityoflife.Havingfourdays(off)wouldbeveryimportanttogeneratenewentertainmentactivitiesandotherwaysofbeingoccupied."The74-year-oldself-mademagnatebelievesthatsuchamovewouldgenerateahealthierandmoreproductivelabourforce,whiletacklingfinancialchallengeslinkedtolongevity.Heisputtinghismoneywherehismouthis.InhisTelmexfixed-linephonecompanyinMexico,whereworkersonacollectivelabourcontractwhojoinedthecompanyintheirlateteensareeligibletoretirebeforetheyare50,hehasinstitutedavoluntaryschemeallowingsuchworkerstokeepworking,onfullpay,buttheyonlyneedtoworkfourdaysaweek.Mr.SlimstunnedtheMexicanbusinessworldthismonthwithplanstobreakuphisAmericaMovilempire,sellingaboutafifthofitsassets,inordertoavoidregulatorysanctions.Hiscompaniesdominate80percentofthefixed-lineand70percentofthemobilemarketsinMexico—aboveanew50percentthreshold.Themagnateisakeenstrategistandphilanthropist,whohasoftensaidwhathelikestodobestistothink.Hehascultivatedinterestsoutsidethecorporateworld:hispassionforRodinsculptureandartcollectingisevidentintheSoumayamuseuminMexicoCitydedicatedtohislatewife.Anotherofhisdeep-heldbeliefsisthateducationshouldberethought.HetoldtheconferenceinParaguaythatitshould"notbeboring,butshouldbefun"andshouldteachpeople"nottomemorizebuttoreason;nottodomesticatebuttotrain".Healsocalledformorevocationaltraining.Mr.Slim,whoisattheageof74already,meanwhile,appearstohavenoplanstoretire."Lookatwhoherespects:the(Mexican)bankerManuelEspinosaYglesiaswassomethingofamentor,andhewasstillworkinginhislate80s,"saidAndrewPaxman,aBritishhistorianwhoiswritingabookaboutMr.Slim.6、WhichisnotthereasonofhavingfourdaysoffaweekbeingveryimportantaccordingtoMr.Slim?A、Peoplewillhavemoretimetorelaxandachievequalityoflife.B、Peoplecangeneratenewentertainmentactivitiesinthesparetime.C、Peoplewillhavetimetothinkaboutotherwaysofbeingoccupied.D、Peoplewillbehappyandmorewillingtogotowork.标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。根据题干中的“havingfourdaysoffaweek”和“veryimportant”可定位至第二段末句“‘Withthreeworkdaysaweek，wewouldhavemoretimetorelax；forqualityoflife．Havingfourdays[off]wouldbeveryimportanttogeneratenewentertainmentactivitiesandotherwaysofbeingoccupied．’”，由此可知，一周休息四天有利于提高生活质量，有利于创造新的娱乐活动以及消磨时间的新方法。A、B、C三项均符合文意，故选择D。7、WhichofthefollowingisnottheadvantageofworkingthreedaysaweekinMr.Slim’sopinion?A、Themovecangenerateahealthierlabourforce.B、Thelabourwillbemoreproductive.C、Peoplewillremainhappyifso.D、Itwilltacklefinancialchallengeslinkedtolongevity.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据题干中的“theadvantageofworkingthreedaysaweek”可定位至第二段中“The74-year-oldself-mademagnatebelievesthatsuchamovewouldgenerateahealthierandmoreproductivelabourforce，whiletacklingfinancialchallengeslinkedtolongevity．”，A、B、D均包含在该句中，C项文章并未提及，故选择C。8、ThesearetheidentitiesofMr.Slimexcept______.A、heisamagnateB、heisadiplomatistC、heisastrategistD、heisaphilanthropist标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。关于斯利姆先生的身份，文章第二段明确提到“The74-year-oldself-mademagnate”(这位白手起家的74岁富豪)，故A项符合他的身份，再根据“Themagnateisakeenstrategistandphilanthropist”可知，斯利姆先生是一位决策家和慈善家，则C、D项符合，而B项“他是一位外交家”，文章并未提到，故不符合他的身份。9、WhatisMr.Slim’sdeep-beliefineducation?A、Todomesticate,tomemorizeandtotrain.B、Tobefun,toreasonandtomemorize.C、Tobefun,tomemorizeandtotrain.D、Tobefun,toreasonandtotrain.标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。根据题干中的“Mr．Slim’sdeep-beliefineducation”可定位至文章第四段，根据前两句Anotherofhisdeep-heldbeliefsisthateducationshouldberethought．HetoldtheconferenceinParaguaythatitshould“notbeboring，butshouldbefun”andshouldteachpeople“nottomemorizebuttoreason；nottodomesticatebuttotrain”．可知，斯利姆先生认为教育“不应该是无聊的，而应该是有趣的”，应该教会人们“推理而不是记忆；应该是一种训练而不是驯养”。D项符合文意。10、Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe______.A、CarlosSlimCallsforaThree-dayWorkingWeekB、PeopleFavouraThree-dayWorkingWeekC、WorkingThreeDaysaWeekiswithadvantagesD、WorkingThreeDaysaWeekWillbeImplemented标准答案：A知识点解析：主旨题。本文主要讲述了墨西哥电信业大亨、全球第二大富豪卡洛斯·斯利姆(CarlosSlim)提倡一周只工作三天，接着阐述了这样工作的好处，以及他自己所做的努力。A项意为“卡洛斯·斯利姆提倡一周工作三天”，能够完整概括本文的主旨大意。B、C项太片面，D项文中未提到。Oftenheardpeoplecomplainabout,whynotmyface,whysobadweathertoday,whydoIliveinsuchapoorfamily,whyGodtoldme...whyshouldwecomplainaboutitcomplainedthatit?Lifewasnotallthebest,lifewasnotperfect,onthecontrary,theupsanddowns,istheroutine.Donotcomplain,everyone'slifewillnotbeeasy,butpreciselybecauseofthesetwistsandturnsinfoldingwave,acquiredacolourfullife.Ifwecanoftenlookattheissuefromanotherangle,youmighteasilyfindthelifeisstillveryexciting.Youcan'tchangetheface,smile,whydon'tyouthinkaboutindulgence;youcan'tchangetheweather,whydon'tyouchangethemood?Asthesayinggoes:afterthestorm.Thesameistrueoflife,aftertrainingcanoftenmakelifewonderful.China,awritercametotheUnitedStates,hesawafloweroftheoldladyisalwaysveryhappy,verystrange.Hewouldpickaflowerasked:"Whyareyoualwayssohappy?"Repliedtheoldlady.Anditmadethewriterstandinamazement."ThatJesuswascrucifiedistheworld'sdarkestday,threedayslatertoEaster.Allthetroubletowaitforthreedaysaslongastherightnottovanishintothinair?"Writerfortheoldladyansweredandmovedanoldladycouldlookatthisfreeandeasylife,couldseesothoroughlytolife.Kinginventors—Edisonfilamentdoinordertofindthebestmaterialshavebeendonea1,000experimentmanytimesandfailed.Havealaughathisneighbour:"DoyouKnowtodo1,000experimentshavefailedmanytimes?"Edisonsaid:"Iamnotfoundmorethan1,000kindsofinappropriatematerialfilamentsoit?"Edisonfailedtolookatfromanotherangle,heisquitesurethatitcanbethemostsuitablematerials,ispreciselybecauseofthisself-confidence,theyareabletomakeunremittingefforts,finallysuccessful.Peopletolovelife,lovelife,tohaveself-confidence,itisnecessarytomakeunremittingeffortstowardsthetarget,likeAiQingsaid,"Evenifweareacandle,waxshouldbedrybeforethetorchashestears;eventhoughweareamatchshouldbeatthecrucialmomentthereisarayoflight,"ifso,willthemeaningofourlives,ourliveswillbeabletoissueastrangeglory.Finally,Ihadtoremindyouthatinthefaceofsetbacks,donotcomplainaboutitcomplainedthattheold,andtolearnhowtotransformtheissueofperspective,sothatlifeisnotsusceptibleto"rain"byknockout.11、Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?A、Peopleareaccustomedtocomplaininglife.B、Peoplearenotsatisfiedwiththeirlives.C、Lifeisnotperfectanddon’tcomplain.D、Thelifeofeverybodyismiserable.标准答案：C知识点解析：主旨题。文章第一段讲到作者自己经常听到别人抱怨，作者认为生活本来就不是十全十美，进而引出话题：对待生活的态度——不要抱怨。选项中，C项“生活并不完美，不要抱怨”与原文文意最为贴切，因此选择C。12、Whichisthesynonymof"twistsandturns"(Line5,Para.1)?A、Repetitions.B、Misery.C、Complaints.D、Setbacks.标准答案：D知识点解析：语义题。文章开头讲到生活并不完美，有很多起起伏伏，生活并非一帆风顺，“twistsandturns”所在句与前半句用but连接，构成转折关系，因而，“twistsandturns”与一帆风顺意思相反，选项中，只有D项“setbacks(挫折，波折)”与“一帆风顺”意思相反。13、Whatistherelationshipbetweenthesecondparagraphandthethirdparagraph?A、Thetwoparagraphsareparalleling.B、Thethirdparagraphistheillustrationofthepriorone.C、Causeandeffect.D、Comparisonandcontrast.标准答案：B知识点解析：推断题。本题考查对文章内在逻辑的理解。文章第二段主要内容为：换个角度来看问题，你可能会很容易发现自己的人生照样很精彩。接着作者在第三段引用了两个事例来证明换个角度看问题的重要性。因此．第三段为第二段提供了例证。14、Whatdoestheoldlady’ssayinginparagraph3mean?A、Goodluckwillcomethreedayslater.B、Timecanappeaseallofwound.C、Lookingatissuesfromanotheranglewillmakeyouhappy.D、Peopleshouldbehopefultothefuture.标准答案：C知识点解析：推断题。第三段中，老太太说：“耶稣被钉在十字架上是全世界最黑暗的一天，可三天后就是复活节。一切的烦恼只要等待三天不就烟消云散了吗?”，而第三段为第二段提供了例证，即换个角度看问题就可以活得精彩。因此，老太太这番话意为：换个角度看问题便可豁然开朗。C项符合。15、Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardslife?A、Positive.B、Indifferent.C、Pessimistic.D、Radical.标准答案：A知识点解析：态度题。作者在文章开头讲到，生活并不完美，不要抱怨，换个角度看问题生活依旧精彩，接着作者引用了两个事例来证明换角度看问题的重要性。最后倡导人们要热爱生活，热爱生命。由此可判断，作者对于生活的态度是积极乐观的。NBAcentreJasonCollinsrecentlyannouncedhewasgayinacoverstoryforSportsIllustrated.Inotherwords,he"cameoutofthecloset."Thisexpressionforrevealingone'shomosexualitymayseemnatural.Beingintheclosetimplieshidingfromtheoutsideworld,andtheactofcomingoutofitimpliesthewilltostophiding.Butthoughtheclosethaslongbeenametaphorforprivacyorsecrecy,itsusewithreferencetohomosexualityisrelativelyrecent.AccordingtoGeorgeChauncey'scomprehensivehistoryofmoderngayculture,GayNewYork,theclosetmetaphorwasnotusedbygaypeopleuntilthe1960s.Beforethen,itdoesn'tappearanywhere"intherecordsofthegaymovementorinthenovels,diaries,orlettersofgaymenandlesbians.""Comingout,"however,haslongbeenusedinthegaycommunity,butitfirstmeantsomethingdifferentthanitdoesnow."Agayman'scomingoutoriginallyreferredtohisbeingformallypresentedtothelargestcollectivemanifestationofprewargaysociety,theenormousdragballsthatwerepatternedonthedebutanteandmasqueradeballsofthedominantcultureandwereregularlyheldinNewYork,Chicago,NewOrleans,Baltimore,andothercities."Thephrase"comingout"didnotrefertocomingoutofhiding,buttojoiningintoasocietyofpeers.Thephrasewasborrowedfromtheworldofdebutanteballs,whereyoungwomen"cameout"inbeingofficiallyintroducedtosociety.Thegaydebutanteballswereamatterofpublicrecordandoftencoveredinthenewspaper,so"comingout"withingaysocietyoftenmeantrevealingyoursexualorientationinthewidersocietyaswell,butthephrasedidn'tnecessarilycarrytheimplicationthatifyouhadn'tyetcomeout,youwerekeepingitasecret.Therewereothermetaphorsfortheactofhidingorrevealinghomosexuality.Gaypeoplecould"wearamask"or"takeoffthemask".Amancould"wearhishairup"or"lethishairdown",or"drophairpins"thatwouldonlyberecognizedbyothergaymen.Itisunclearexactlywhengaypeoplestartedusingtheclosetmetaphor,but"itmayhavebeenusedinitiallybecausemanymenwhoremained'covert'thoughtoftheirhomosexualityasasortof'skeletoninthecloset'."Itmayalsohavecomefromoutsiderswhovieweditthatway.Itseemsthat"comingoutofthecloset"wasbornasamixtureoftwometaphors:adebutanteproudlysteppingintothearmsofacommunityandashockingsecretbeingkeptinhiding.Nowthecommunityisthewidercommunity,andthesecretisnolongershocking."Comingout"isausefulphrase,butitneednotimplyacloset.16、Whydid"comeoutofthecloset"seemsnaturalwhenreferstorevealingone’shomosexuality?A、BecausehomosexualcouplesliveinaplacenamedCloset.B、Becauseboththeclosetandhomosexualitymeanprivacy.C、BecauseJasonCollinshasrefrainedfromNBA.D、Becausepeoplealwaysuse"closet"torefertohomosexuality.标准答案：B知识点解析：推断题。根据题干中的“‘comeoutofthecloset’seemnatural”可定位至第一段“Beingintheclosetimplieshidingfromtheoutsideworld．andtheactofcomingoutofitimpliesthewilltostophiding．”由此可知，“柜”和“同性恋”有共同点——将秘密隐藏起来，也就是它们都代表着隐私，而“出柜”便是将秘密公开，因此，用“出柜”来形容同性恋公开看起来很自然。17、Whichofthefollowingstatementabout"comingout"isTrue?A、Closetisalwaysthemetaphorofhomosexuality.B、Theoriginalmeaningofthephraseistherevealingofhomosexuality.C、Thephrasewasborrowedfromtheworldofdebutanteballs.D、Thephrase"comingout"onlyreferstocomingoutofhiding.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。A项意为“‘柜’一直是同性恋的隐喻”，这与第二段“…theclosetmetaphorwasnotusedbygaypeopleuntilthe1960s．”相矛盾，因此错误；B选项意为“‘出柜’最初的意思是公开同性恋”，这与第三段“Agayman’scomingoutoriginallyreferredtohisbeingformallypresentedtothelargestcollectivemanifestationofprewargaysociety，”不相符；C选项意为“‘出柜’一词是从上流女子舞会里借用过来的”，与第三段“Thephrasewasborrowedfromtheworldofdebutanteballs”相符合，故正确；D项与第三段“Thephrase“comingout”didnotrefertocomingoutofhiding”意思相反。因此选择C。18、Whatdoes"takeoffthemask"meanamonggaypeople?A、Toshowheishomosexual.B、Tohidehishomosexuality.C、Itmeansthathewantstochangehissexualorientation.D、Itmeansthathedoesn’twanttobehomosexual.标准答案：A知识点解析：推断题。根据题干中的“takeoffthemask”可定位至第四段“Therewereothermetaphorsfortheactofhidingorrevealinghomosexuality．Gaypeoplecould‘wearamask’or‘takeoffthemask’．”加之．“戴上面具”本身意味着神秘地隐藏起来，而“摘下面具”则意味着公开，故“戴上面具”指的是向人公开自己是同性恋。19、Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A、Thephrase"comingout"isonlyusedinthegaycommunity.B、Themeaningof"comingout"isbecomingwiderandwider.C、Thephrase"comingout"onlystandsforashockingsecretinhidingD、Themeaningof"comingout"hasnotchangeduntilnow.标准答案：B知识点解析：推断题。文章最后一段讲述了“出柜”一词的隐喻意，而随着社交群体的宽泛，“出柜”一词已经不再暗指隐秘，可见其意思越来越宽泛了。20、Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A、Thephrase"comingout"isusedingaycommunity.B、Thephrase"comingout"meansrevealingofhomosexuality.C、Themeaningofthephrase"comingout"hasnotchanged.D、Thedevelopmentoftheuseof"comingout".标准答案：D知识点解析：主旨题。本文以“NBA中锋杰森·柯林斯最近在《体育画报》的封面故事中宣布他是同性恋”一事引入文章的主题——“出柜”，接着文章探索了“出柜”一词的出现时间、适用对象及其意义的演变过程，最后提到，如今“出柜”一词意义更广了，因此，本文主要讲述了“出柜”一词应用的发展演变过程，D项符合。大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第2套一、词汇理解(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)AccordingtoascientificstudypublishedinApril,2015,birdshaveshowntheycanplanforafuturestateofmind.Hoarding【C1】________forfutureuseisnotuniquetohumans.Birds,squirrelsandmonkeysdoit.Buttheabilitytothinknotjustabouttomorrow,buttorealizehowtomorrow'sfeelingsmightdifferfromtoday's,wasthoughttobethe【C2】________ofpeople.ThisweekresearchersdemonstratedthatWesternscrub-jays,atypeofcrow,candoit,too.Theresearchers,ledbyNickyClaytonoftheUniversityofCambridge,wantedtotestanideaproposedbyWolfgangKohler,NorbertBischofandDorisBischofKohler,threeGermanpsychologists.TheBischofKohlerhypothesissaysthatonlyhumanscanmentallyseparatethemselvesfromwhattheyareexperiencingto【C3】________howtheymightfeelaboutfutureevents.Totestwhetherthisisso,Dr.Claytonandhercolleaguessoughttoteaseapartscrub-jays'【C4】________desiresfromtheirplanningforfutureneeds.Theyletthebirdseatasmuchofonefoodastheywanted,exploitingaconditioncalledspecificsatiety(饱租)—oncethebirdsarefullofonefood,theyshowstrong【C5】________forsomethingdifferent.Theythenofferedthebirdsthatsamefoodorasecondonetostoreforlater.【C6】________thescrub-jaysbehavedaspredicted,choosingtostowawaythesecondfood,whichtheyhadnotjusteaten.Butminutesbeforeallowingthebirdsto【C7】________theirstorage,theresearchersfedthebirdstosatietywiththatsecondfood—theonetheyhadalreadystored.Thebirdschangedtheirhoardingpreferencesontheverynexttrial.Eventhoughtheyhadjusthadtheirfillofthefirstfood,theystillhoardit,presumablybecausetheythoughtitwouldbetheirpreferredchoicelater.Theresultsarepublishedinthisweek'sCurrentBiology.Thefindingmattersbecausethebirdsseemtoplanaheadforwhattheywillwantlater,eventhoughtheirchoiceconflictswithwhattheywantnow.Itcouldprompta【C8】________ofhowanimalsperceivetheworldaroundthem.Withoutthebenefitof【C9】________subjectswhocanexplaintheirthinking?However,Dr.Claytonandhercolleagueswillhavetodevelopevenmorecunningexperimentsto【C10】________complexmentalprocessesfromsimplebehavior.A)conceiveF)IncidentallyK)preferenceB)contendG)inferL)preserveC)experimentalH)InitiallyM)provisionsD)explicitI)momentaryN)reassessmentE)homogeneousJ)predecessorO)recover1、【C1】标准答案：M知识点解析：名词辨析题。根据空格前的hoarding可知，空格处缺少名词作其宾语。空格前面的动名词hoarding“贮藏，囤积”可以与备选名词中的provisions“粮食，食物”搭配使用，再联系下文的“Birds，squirrelsandmonkeysdoit.”可推知，动物也有为未来贮存食物的能力，故M为正确答案。2、【C2】标准答案：L知识点解析：名词辨析题。根据空格前的the和之后的ofpeople可推断此处缺少名词。结合上文可推知，此处意为：不仅能想着明天，而且还能意识到明天的感觉会如何不同于今天，这种能力曾被认为是人类所独有的。备选名词中的preserve“独有活动”符合句意，故L为正确答案。3、【C3】标准答案：A知识点解析：动词辨析题。根据空格前的to可推断此处缺少动词。空格及其后的宾语从句howtheymightfeelaboutfutureevents意为“设想他们对未来的感觉”。备选动词中只有conceive“想象，设想”符合句意，故A为正确答案。4、【C4】标准答案：I知识点解析：形容词辨析题。根据空格后的desiresfrom，该空缺少形容词作定语。由本句句意可知，空格处所填的词应与from后的theirplanningforfutureneeds“对未来需要的打算”表达相反的意思——“即时欲望”，备选形容词中只有momentary“短暂的，瞬间的”符合句意，故I为正确答案。5、【C5】标准答案：K知识点解析：名词辨析题。由空格前的形容词strong可知，该空缺少名词。由空格所在句破折号前的specificsatiety可知，只要这些鸟饱食一种食物，那它们就会表现出对其他食物强烈的偏好，因此preference“偏好，偏爱”符合句意，故K为正确答案。6、【C6】标准答案：H知识点解析：副词辨析题。句子基本结构完整，且空格位于句首，故推断此处缺少副词。结合上下文可知，空格所在句是指实验的最初阶段，故H项Initially“最初”符合句意，为正确答案。7、【C7】标准答案：O知识点解析：动词辨析题。空格处于allowsb.／sth.todosth.句型中，可推断此处缺少动词。由空格之后的句子可推知，在接下来的实验中，研究人员们先用这些鸟已经储备的第二种食物将其喂饱，几分钟后，再让鸟________储备的食物，结果，它们的选择发生了变化。备选动词中，recover“重新找到”可以与空格后的theirstorage“它们储备的食物”搭配使用，故O为正确答案。8、【C8】标准答案：N知识点解析：名词辨析题。根据空格前的a以及空格后的of可知，该空缺少名词。由空格所在句的上一句可推知本句句意为：实验促使人们重新估量动物是如何感知这个世界的。故N项reassessment“重新估计”符合句意，为正确答案。9、【C9】标准答案：C知识点解析：形容词辨析题。由空格后的subjects可知，该空缺少形容词。由上文对于实验的介绍可以推知本句句意为：无法借助这样的实验对象时，谁可以解释这些鸟类的想法呢?故C项experimental“实验的”符合句意，为正确答案。10、【C10】标准答案：G知识点解析：动词辨析题。由空格前的to可推断此处缺少动词。本句句意为：然而，克雷顿博士与她的研究组不得不设计更加精妙的实验来从实验对象的简单行为________复杂的思维过程。备选动词中的infer可以与from搭配，意为“从……推断出……”符合句意，故G为正确答案。二、长篇阅读(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)Obama'sSuccessIsn'tAllGoodNewsforBlackAmericansA)AsErinWhitewatchedtheelectionresultsheadtowardsvictoryforBarackObama,shefeltaburdenliftingfromhershoulders."Inthatonesecond,itwasavalidationformywholerace,"sherecalls."I'vealwaysbeenanachiever,"saysWhite,whoisstudyingforanMBAatVanderbiltUniversityinNashville,Tennessee."ButtherehadalwaysbeenthesethingsinthebackofmymindquestioningwhetherIreallycanbewhoIwant.Itwaslikeashadow,followingmearoundsayingyoucanonlygosofar.Nowit'slikeabarrierhasbeenletdown."B)White'sexperienceiswhatmanypsychologistshadexpected—thatObamawouldprovetobeapowerfulrolemodelforAfricanAmericans.SomehopedhisrisetoprominencewouldhaveabigimpactonwhiteAmericans,too,challengingthosewhostillharborracistsentiments."Thetraitsthatcharacterizehimareverycontradictorytotheracialstereotypesthatblackpeopleareaggressiveanduneducated,"saysAshbyPlantofFloridaStateUniversity."He'sveryintelligentandeloquent."StinginthetailC)AshbyPlantisoneofanumberofpsychologistswhoseizedonObama'scandidacytotesthypothesesaboutthepowerofrolemodels.Theirworkisalreadystartingtorevealhowthe"Obamaeffect"ischangingpeople'sviewsandbehavior.Perhapssurprisingly,itisnotallgoodnews:thereisastinginthetailoftheObamaeffect.D)Butfirstthegoodnews.BarackObamareallyisapositiverolemodelforAfricanAmericans,andhewasmakinganimpactevenbeforehegottotheWhiteHouse.Indeed,theObamaeffectcanbesurprisinglyimmediateandpowerful,asRayFriedmanofVanderbiltUniversityandhiscolleaguesdiscovered.E)TheytestedfourseparategroupsatfourkeystagesofObama'spresidentialcampaign.Eachgroupconsistedofaround120adultsofsimilarageandeducation,andthetestassessedtheirlanguageskills.Attwoofthesestages,whenObama'ssuccesswaslessthancertain,thetestsshowedacleardifferencebetweenthescoresofthewhiteandblackparticipants—anaverageof12.1outof20,comparedto8.8,forexample.WhentheObamafeverwasatitsheight,however,theblackparticipantsperformedmuchbetter.ThosewhohadwatchedObama'sacceptancespeechastheDemocrats'presidentialcandidateperformedjustaswell,onaverage,asthewhitesubjects.Afterhiselectionvictory,thiswastrueofalltheblackparticipants.DramaticshiftF)Whatcanexplainthisdramaticshift?Atthestartofthetest,theparticipantshadtodeclaretheirraceandweretoldtheirresultswouldbeusedtoassesstheirstrengthsandweaknesses.Thisshouldhaveprimedthesubjectswith"stereotypethreat"—ananxietythattheirresultswillconfirmnegativestereotypes,whichhasbeenshowntodamagetheperformanceofAfricanAmericans.Obama'ssuccessesseemedtoactasashieldagainstthis."Wesuspecttheyfeltinspiredandenergizedbyhisvictory,sothestereotypethreatwouldn'tproveadistraction,"saysFriedman.LingeringracismG)IftheObamaeffectispositiveforAfricanAmericans,howisitaffectingtheirwhitecompatriots(同胞)?Istheexperienceofhavingacharismatic(有魅力的)blackpresidentmodifyinglingeringracistattitudes?Thereisnoeasywaytomeasureracismdirectly,insteadpsychologistsassesswhatisknownas"implicitbias",usingacomputer-basedtestthatmeasureshowquicklypeopleassociatepositiveandnegativewords—suchas"love"or