大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷56（共220题）

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷56（共9套）（共220题）大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第1套一、词汇理解(本题共30题，每题1.0分，共30分。)MillionsofAmericansareenteringtheir60sandaremoreconcernedthaneveraboutretirement.Theyknowtheyneedtosave,buthowmuch?Andwhatexactlyaretheysavingfor—tospendmoretime【C1】______thegrandkids,gotravelling,orstartanothercareer?Itturnsoutthathusbandsandwivesmayhave【C2】______differentideasaboutthesubject.Thedeepestdivideisinthewayspousesenvisagetheirlifestyleintheirlateryears.FidelityInvestmentsInc.found41percentofthe500couplesitsurveyed【C3】______onwhetherbothoratleastonespousewillworkinretirement.Wivesaregenerallyrightregardingtheirhusbands'retirementage,butmen【C4】______theagetheirwiveswillbewhentheystopworking.Andhusbandsareslightlymore【C5】______abouttheirstandardoflivingthanwivesare.Busyjuggling(穷于应付)careersandfamilies,mostcouplesdon'ttakethetimetositdown,【C6】______ortogether,andthinkaboutwhattheywouldliketodo5,10,or20yearsfromnow.They【C7】______theyareonthesamepage,butthe【C8】______istheyhaveavoidedeventalkingaboutit.Ifyouareself-employedorinajobthatdoesn'thaveastandardretirementage,youmaybemoreapttodelaythinkingabouttheseissues.Itisoftena【C9】______retirementdatethatprovidesthecatalyst(催化剂)tostartplanning.Gettinglaidofforacceptinganearly-retirement【C10】______canforceyourhand.Butdon'twaituntilyougetaseverance(遣散费)checktobeginplanning.A)assumeB)confidentialC)disagreeD)formulaE)forthcomingF)illustratingG)mysteriouslyH)observeI)optimisticJ)packageK)radicallyL)realityM)separatelyN)spoilingO)underestimate1、【C1】标准答案：N知识点解析：此空为“spendtimedoing”的结构．所以应用动词ing形式。再根据后面紧接宾语grandkids可知，应选spoiling(宠爱)，意为“花更多时间去宠孙子”。2、【C2】标准答案：K知识点解析：此空后接形容词different，可知需填副词。选项中mysteriously(神秘地)、radically(根本地)、separately(分开地)，能与differentideas构成搭配，符合句意的是radically表示夫妻在此问题上有着根本不同的观点。因此，正确答案是K。3、【C3】标准答案：C知识点解析：此处缺少谓语动词，且要与on构成搭配，可知为不及物动词。disagreeon(执不同意见)，符合原文“夫妻对于退休时是否继续工作存在异议”之意。因此，正确答案是C。4、【C4】标准答案：O知识点解析：此空为谓语动词，且but为并列连词，前半句为一般现在时，此空也应用动词原形。把握此句大意的关键点在于but，前半句表达妻子一般能正确判断丈夫的退休年龄，由此可推断出丈夫不能准确判断。选项中underestimate(低估)符合此意。因此，正确答案是O。5、【C5】标准答案：I知识点解析：此空为表语，且前面有副词slightly修饰，可知此空应填形容词。选项中confidential(机密的)、forthcoming(即将到来的)、optimistic(乐观的)，和后面生活标准构成搭配的只有“乐观的”符合。因此，正确答案是I。6、【C6】标准答案：M知识点解析：此空与副词together构成并列，因此，应保持词性一致。or连接相反的含义，separately与together恰互为相反状态，因此，正确答案是M，separately(单独地)。7、【C7】标准答案：A知识点解析：此空为该句谓语，所以需填动词。时态与并列的后半句保持一致，为一般现在时。此句含义“他们以为他们意见一致”，可知assume(假设)更符合此意。因此，正确答案是A。8、【C8】标准答案：L知识点解析：前一句表达他们以为意见一致，是自己认为与想象的，but转折语气，可知事实上相反。此句意为“事实是他们甚至都没有谈论这个话题”。因此，正确答案是L，teality(事实)。9、【C9】标准答案：E知识点解析：此空后接名词“退．休日期”，可知需填形容词。此句意为“常常是马上要来临的退休日成为退休计划的催化剂”．即人们在接近退休时才会被迫开始做计划。因此，正确答案是E，forthcoming(即将到来的)。10、【C10】标准答案：J知识点解析：此空前的冠词an透露需要填写可数名词单数，符合条件的有formula(公式)，package(包裹，一揽子计划)，结合上下文可知early-retirementpackage意为“提前退休计划”，因此，正确答案是J。Moneycanbuyhappiness,butonlyifyouspenditonsomeoneelse,researchersreported.Spendingaslittleas$5adayonsomeoneelsecouldsignificantly【C1】______happiness,theteamattheUniversityofBritishColumbiaandHarvardBusinessSchoolfound.Theirexperimentsonmorethan630Americansshowedtheywere【C2】______happierwhentheyspentmoneyonothers—eveniftheythoughtspendingthemoneyonthemselveswouldmakethem【C3】______."Wewantedtotestourtheorythathowpeoplespendtheirmoneyisatleastasimportantashowmuchmoneythey【C4】______,"saidElizabethDunn,apsychologistattheUniversityofBritishColumbia.Theyaskedtheir600volunteersfirstto【C5】______theirgeneralhappiness,reporttheirannualincomeanddetailtheirmonthlyspendingincludingbills,giftsforthemselves,giftsforothersanddonationstocharity."【C6】______ofhowmuchincomeeachpersonmade,thosewhospentmoneyonothersreportedgreaterhappiness,whilethosewhospentmoreonthemselvesdidnot,"Dunnsaidinastatement.Dunn'steamalsosurveyed16employeesatacompanyinBostonbeforeandaftertheyreceivedanannualprofit-sharing【C7】______ofbetween$3,000and$8,000."Employeeswho【C8】______moreoftheirbonustopro-socialspendingexperiencedgreaterhappinessafterreceivingthebonus,andthemannerinwhichtheyspentthatbonuswasamoreimportant【C9】______oftheirhappinessthanthesizeofthebonusitself,"theywroteintheirreport,publishedinthejournalScience.Theygavetheirvolunteers$5or$20andhalfgotclear【C10】______onhowtospendit.Thosewhospentthemoneyonsomeoneorsomethingelsereportedfeelinghappieraboutit.A)wealthierB)boostC)rateD)actuallyE)focusedF)earnG)devotedH)bonusI)regardlessJ)discussK)predictorL)instructionM)happierN)InspiteO)improve11、【C1】标准答案：B知识点解析：空前是情态动词could和副词significantly，空后是名词happiness，故此处应填一个动词，文章第一段提到把钱花在别人身上可以买到快乐，由此可推知．每天为别人花5美元可以增加快乐感。选项中，B项boost意为“增加，促进”，O项improve意为“改善，提高”，improve和boost均可以用来修饰happiness，不过boost语气更强烈，与文中空前副词significantly相呼应，更符合句意。因此选择boost“增加，促进”。12、【C2】标准答案：D知识点解析：空前是be动词were，空后是形容词比较级happier，则此处应填一个副词，联系上下文，可推知此句意为“即使实验对象认为为自己花钱会更快乐，但实际结果显示，他们为别人花钱时其实更加快乐”。D项actually意为“事实上，实际上”。因此选择actually“事实上，实际上”。13、【C3】标准答案：M知识点解析：空前是动宾结构，则此处应填一个动词或形容词，该空所在句破折号前句意为“实际结果显示，他们为别人花钱时其实更加快乐”，破折号后是由evenif引导的与前半句意思相反的句子，由此可推知，此空所在句意为“即使实验对象认为为自己花钱会更快乐”。M项happier意为“更快乐的”。因此选择happier“更快乐的”。14、【C4】标准答案：F知识点解析：空前是人称代词they，they前是名词money，那么此处应填一个动词，和they结合构成money的后置定语，此空所在句是由asimportantas将前后部分联系起来，此空和spend对应，花钱和赚钱对应，则此处应填earn。因此选择earn“获得，挣得”。15、【C5】标准答案：C知识点解析：空前是asksb．to结构，空后是名词theirgeneralhappiness，则此处应填一个动词，根据下一段内容“为别人花更多钱的人称自己的快乐感增强，而为自己花较多钱的人则没有这种感受”。这是作者对志愿者针对自己快乐感的评价的转述，C项rate意为“评价”。因此选择rate“评价”。16、【C6】标准答案：I知识点解析：根据此空所在句后半句内容“为别人花更多钱的人称自己的快乐感增强，而为自己花较多钱的人则没有这种感受。”可推知，前半句应是一个让步状语从句，I项regardless与空后of结合构成短语regardlessof，意为“无论，不管”。因此选择regardless“不管，不顾”。17、【C7】标准答案：H知识点解析：空前是profit-sharing(分红制)，空后是具体的金额范围，则此处应填一个与金钱有关的名词，选项中H项bonus意为“奖金”，加之下文中多次出现bonus，故bonus符合题意。因此选择bonus“奖金”。18、【C8】标准答案：G知识点解析：空前是定语从句引导词who，空后是名词moreoftheirbonus，则此处应填一个动词，联系上下文推知此句意为“这些员工领到奖金后，将较多钱花在别人身上的人快乐感更强”，选项中G项devoted意为“奉献”，与介词to搭配，意为“将……奉献给……”，符合题意。因此选择devoted“奉献”。19、【C9】标准答案：K知识点解析：空前是形容词important，空后是介词of．则此处应填一个名词，联系上下文推知，此句意为“他们支配这笔钱的方式比奖金本身的多少对快乐感的影响更大。”选项中K项predictor意为“预测器”，即他们支配这笔钱的方式是更重要的快乐感的预测器，这是一种打比方的说法，符合原文意思。因此选择predictor“预测器”。20、【C10】标准答案：L知识点解析：空前是形容词clear，空后是介词on，则此处应填一个名词，根据此段已有内容“研究人员向志愿者们分发了5美元至20美元金额不等的钱……结果发现，将钱用于别人或其他事情的人感到更快乐。”推知，研究人员告诉其中一组人花钱的方式，这样才会使两组实验人员形成对比。L项instruction意为“指示，指导”，符合文意。因此选择instruction“指示，指导”。Athirdofofficeworkerswouldrathergrabafewminutes【C1】______sleepthanbreakfast,accordingtoasurveythatestimatedpooreatinghabitswerecostingcompaniesdearlyintermsoflost【C2】______.AsurveybyIpsosMorifound17percentofBritishofficeworkersneverhavebreakfastand17percenthaveitjustonetothreetimesaweek.Itfoundeightpercentof1,051officestaffquestionedalso【C3】______skiplunch,withthesepooreatinghabitsestimatedtobecostingcompanies17billionpounds($34billion)ayearor97millionlostworkingdays."Worryingly,ofthosewho【C4】______ornevereatlunch,27percentalsonevereatbreakfastduringtheworkingweek,"saidIpsosMoriresearchersinastatement.Thesurvey,commissionedbyfoodservicecompanyBaxterStorey,【C5】______skippingbreakfastcostcompanies8.1billionpoundsor46.5millionlostworkingdays,withmanystudiesfindingalinkbetweeneatingbreakfastandattention【C6】______,learningabilityandgeneralwell-being.Whenotherpooreatinghabitssuchashavingnobreakfastandlunchorhavingnobreakfastandsnacks,areincluded,lostproductivity【C7】______tonearly17billionpounds.Thesurveyfoundmostemployees—percent—havelunch,with68percentoptingforsandwiches,butmostpeopledon'tdrinkenoughduringtheday.Only11percenthadthe【C8】______eightormoredrinksduringtheworkingday."Peoplewhoeatbreakfasthavebetterconcentration,problemsolvingability,mentalperformance,memoryandmood.Peoplewhoeatbreakfastarealsomore【C9】______energeticandhavebettercoordination,"saidnutritionspecialistMattBarker."Researchtellsusthatscoresonmemorytestswereabout15percentlowerinpeoplewhoskippedbreakfast.Andthosewhoskipittendtoeatsugary,fattyfoodslaterintheday,【C10】______theirproductivity."A)physicallyB)rarelyC)estimatedD)targetE)mentallyF)recommendedG)reducingH)adequateI)regularlyJ)extraK)specifiedL)enhancingM)productivityN)spanO)rocketed21、【C1】标准答案：J知识点解析：本文主要讲述了不良的饮食习惯导致工作效率下降的问题.由此可推知，此空所在句意为“三分之一的上班族早上宁愿多睡几分钟，也不愿起床吃早餐”。选项中，J项extra意为“额外的”，符合句意。因此选择extra“额外的”。22、【C2】标准答案：M知识点解析：空前是形容词lost(丧失的)，则此处应填一个名词，结合句意推知，员工不良的饮食习惯导致工作效率丧失，从而给公司造成了巨大损失。M项productivity意为“效率，生产力”，符合句意。因此选择productivity“效率，生产力”。23、【C3】标准答案：I知识点解析：空前的中心词是名词officestaff，空后是动词skip，则此处应填一个副词，修饰动词skip，根据后半句中的withthesepooreatinghabits可推知，此处指的是不良的饮食习惯，那么应该指经常不吃午餐的员工。I项regularly意为“经常地”，符合句意。因此选择regularly“经常地”。24、【C4】标准答案：B知识点解析：此空所填的词与副词never并列，故应填一个具有否定意义的副词，选项中，只有B项rarely(很少地)是具有否定意义的副词，填进去后句意为“令人担忧的是，在那些很少或从来不吃午餐的人中，27％的人也从不吃早餐。符合原文意思，因此选择rarely“很少地”，25、【C5】标准答案：C知识点解析：空前的中心词是Thesurvey，空后是省略掉that的从句，故此处应填一个动词，根据前文类似句子“withthesepooreatinghabitsestimatedtobecostingcompanies17billionpounds($34billion)ayearor97millionlostworkingdays．结合备选动词中C项estimated“估计”，K项specified“明确”，O项rocketed“快速增加”可知，C项动词estimated符合题意。26、【C6】标准答案：N知识点解析：此空所填词和ability并列，故应填一个名词，根据常识判断，不吃早餐的人很难长时间集中注意力，也就是“是否吃早餐与注意力集中时间长度、学习能力及总体幸福感有关”。选项中N项span意为“跨度，范围”，符合句意。因此选择span“跨度，范围”。27、【C7】标准答案：O知识点解析：空前句意为“如果将其他一些不良的饮食习惯也算上，如早餐和午餐都不吃或不吃早餐而吃零食，公司所遭受的损失……”，空后是具体数据：近170亿英镑，与上一段中提到的“81亿英镑”对比，突显出损失额的增加幅度之大。选项中O项rocketed有“快速增加”之意，与介词to搭配，意为“迅速增加到”，符合句意。因此选择rocketed“快速增加”。28、【C8】标准答案：F知识点解析：空前主谓结构完整，空后中心词是drinks，故此处应填一个形容词，根据常识，科学的饮水习惯是每天喝八杯水左右，即每天喝八杯水左右是受人推荐的饮水习惯。选项中，F项recommended意为“被推荐的”，符合句意。因此选择recommended“被推荐的”。29、【C9】标准答案：A知识点解析：空前中心词是be动词are，空后是形容词energetic，故此处应填一个副词．吃早餐的人更具活力，当然指的是身体状态，A项physically意为“身体上地”，符合句意。因此选择physically“身体上地”。30、【C10】标准答案：G知识点解析：空前句结构完整，空后是名词theirproductivity．则此处应填一个动词的现在分词形式，表伴随意义。根据此段内容“研究人员称，不吃早餐的人记忆力测试得分约低15％。而且早上不吃饭的人之后可能会吃甜食和高脂肪食品……”，可知，前后两甸是递进关系，故此句应为否定意义，即“降低他们的效率”，G项reducing意为“减少”，符合句意。因此选择reducing“减少”。大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第2套一、仔细阅读(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)Commonindoorplantsmayprovetobeavaluableweaponinthefightagainstrisinglevelsofindoorairpollution.Thoseplantsinyourofficeorhomearenotonlydecorative,butNASAscientistsarefindingthemtobesurprisinglyusefulinabsorbingpotentiallyharmfulgasesandcleaningtheairinsidemodernbuildings.NASAandtheAssociatedLandscapeContractorsofAmerica(ALCA)haveannouncedthefindingsofa2-yearstudythatsuggestthecommonindoorplantmayprovideanaturalwayofhelpingcombat"SickBuildingSyndrome."Researchintotheuseofbiologicalprocessesasameansofsolvingenvironmentalproblems,bothonEarthandinspacehabitats,hasbeencarriedoutformanyyearsbyDr.BillWolverton,formerlyaseniorresearchscientistatNASA'sJohnC.StennisSpaceCentre,BaySt.Louis,Miss.Basedonpreliminaryevaluationsoftheuseofcommonindoorplantsforindoorairpurificationandrevitalization,ALCAjoinedNASAtofundastudyusingaboutadozenpopularvarietiesofornamentalplantstodeterminetheireffectivenessinremovingseveralkeypollutantsassociatedwithindoorairpollution.NASAresearchonindoorplantshasfoundthatlivingplantsaresoefficientatabsorbingcontaminantsintheairthatsomewillbelaunchedintospaceaspartofthebiologicallifesupportsystemaboardfutureorbitingspacestations.Whilemoreresearchisneeded,Wolvertonsaysthestudyhasshownthatcommonindoorlandscapingplantscanremovecertainpollutantsfromtheindoorenvironment."Wefeelthatfutureresultswillprovideanevenstrongerargumentthatcommonindoorlandscapingplantscanbeaveryeffectivepartofasystemusedtoprovidepollutionfreehomesandworkplaces"heconcludes."Plantstakesubstancesoutoftheairthroughthetinyopeningsintheirleaves,"Wolvertonsaid."Butresearchinourlaboratorieshasdeterminedthatplantleaves,rootsandsoilbacteriaareallimportantinremovingtracelevelsoftoxicvapours.""Combiningnaturewithtechnologycanincreasetheeffectivenessofplantsinremovingairpollutants,"hesaid."Alivingaircleaneriscreatedbycombiningactivatedcarbonwithapottedplant.Therootsoftheplantgrowrightinthecarbonandslowlydegradethechemicalsabsorbedthere,"Wolvertonexplains.NASAresearchhasconsistentlyshownthatliving,greenandfloweringplantscanremoveseveraltoxicchemicalsfromtheairinbuildinginteriors.Youcanuseplantsinyourhomeorofficetoimprovethequalityoftheairtomakeitamorepleasantplacetoliveandwork—wherepeoplefeelbetter,performbetter,andenjoylifemore.1、Indoorplantscanbeusedinmanywaysexcept______.A、showingtheowner’stasteB、decoratingofficesandhomesC、absorbingpotentiallyharmfulgasesD、cleaningtheairinsidebuildings标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。根据第一段Thoseplantsinyourofficeorhomearenotonlydecorative，butNASAscientistsarefindingthemtobesurprisinglyusefulinabsorbingpotentiallyharmfulgasesandcleaningtheairinsidemodembuildings．“那些摆放在你办公室或家中的植物不仅是装饰品。而且美国国家航空航天局发现，它们在吸收潜在有害气体和净化现代建筑内的空气方面还能起到令人惊异的作用。”可知B“装饰办公室或家”、C“吸收潜在有害气体”、D“净化建筑”均有涉及，只有A没有提到，所以A选项是答案。2、ThestudyjointlyfundedbyALCAandNASAisbasedon______.A、previousresearchofcommonindoorplants’applicationinindoorairpurificationandrevitalizationB、laboratoryevidenceofcommonindoorplants’applicationinindoorairpurificationandrevitalizationC、assumptionsofcommonindoorplants’useinindoorairpurificationandrevitalizationD、tentativeevaluationsofcommonindoorplants’applicationinindoorairpurificationandrevitalization标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。根据第四段内容Basedonpreliminaryevaluationsoftheuseofcommonindoorplantsforindoorairpurificationandrevitalization，ALCAjoinedNASAtofundastudyusingaboutadozenpopularvarietiesofornamentalplantstodeterminetheireffectivenessinremovingseveralkeypollutantsassociatedwithindoorairpollution．“基于对使用普通室内植物净化室内空气和再生新鲜空气的初步评估．美国园林产业联合会与美国国家航空航天局共同赞助了一项研究。该研究用约12种常见的观赏植物，测定它们清除与室内空气污染相关的几种主要污染物的效力”。可知该研究是基于对使用普通室内植物净化室内空气和再生新鲜空气的初步评估，所以选D。3、AllthefoliowingsarevitaltotheremovaloftracelevelsoftoxicvapoursexceptA、plantleavesB、plantrootsC、plantstemD、soilbacteria标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据第六段Butresearchinourlaboratorieshasdeterminedthatplantleaves，rootsandsoilbacteriaareallimportantinremovingtracelevelsoftoxicvapours．“但是，我们的实验室研究已得出结论：植物叶片、根部以及土壤细菌在清除微量有害气体方面都起着非常重要的作用。”可知C(植物茎部)并没有提及，所以选C。4、Theword"degrade"(Line4,Para.7)maybereplacedby______.A、reduceB、increaseC、neutralizeD、replace标准答案：A知识点解析：语义题。原文第七段大意为：“把自然和技术结合起来能够增强植物清除空气污染物的效力，”他说。“把活性炭和盆栽植物结合在一起，一个活的空气清洁器就诞生了。植物的根就长在活性炭中，在那儿慢慢地将吸收的化学物质，”沃尔弗顿解释说。联系前一句内容，推断degrade应和remove意思相同，为“降低，降解”．A选项reduce接近，因此选A。5、Peopleuseplantsinhomeorofficetomakethemfeel______.A、energeticandexaltedB、depressedandlowC、sadandgloomyD、pleasantandcomfortable标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。文章最后一段Youcanuseplantsinyourhomeorofficetoimprovethequalityoftheairtomakeitamorepleasantplacetoliveandwork--wherepeoplefeelbetter，performbetter，andenjoylifemore．“你可以在家中或办公室里摆放植物，用它们来改善空气质量，使这些地方成为更舒适的生活与工作场所——人们在这儿感觉更好，办事效率更高，更多地享受生活。”说明室内植物让人们感觉愉快舒适。因此正确答案为D。Moderatedrinkingreducesstrokerisk,studyconfirms.Similartothewayadrinkortwoadayprotectsagainstheartattacks,moderatealcoholconsumptionswardsoffstrokes,anewstudyfound.Thestudyalsofoundthatthetypeofalcoholconsumes—beer,wineorliquor—wasunimportant.Anyofthem,oracombination,wasprotective,researchersreportedintoday'sJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation."Nostudyhasshownbenefitinrecommendingalcoholconsumptiontothosewhodonotdrink",cautionedtheauthors,ledbyDr.RalphL.SaccoofColumbiaUniversityCollegeofPhysiciansandSurgeonsinNewYork.ButthenewdatasupportstheguidelinesoftheNationalStrokeAssociation,whichsaymoderatedrinkers,mayprotectthemselvesfromstrokesbycontinuingtoconsumealcohol,theauthorssaid.Theprotectiveeffectofmoderatedrinkingagainstheartattackiswellestablished,butthedatahasbeenconflictingwithalcoholandstrokes,theauthorsaid.ThenewstudyhelpssettlethequestionandisthefirsttofindblacksandHispanicbenefitaswellaswhites,accordingtotheauthors.Furtherresearchisneededamongothergroups,suchasAsian,whopaststudiessuggestmaygetnostrokeprotectionfromalcoholormayevenbeputatgreaterrisk.Amonggroupswheretheprotectiveeffectexists,itsmechanismappearstodifferfromtheprotectiveeffectagainstheartattacks,whichoccursthroughboostsinlevelofso-called"good"cholesterol,theauthorssaid.Theyspeculatedalcoholmayprotectagainststrokebyactingonsomeotherbloodtrait,suchasthetendencyofbloodplateletstoclump,whichiskeyinformingthebloodclotsthatcancausestrokes.Theresearchersstudied677NewYorkresidentswholiveinthenorthernpartofManhattanandhadstrokesbetweenJuly1,1993,andJune1997.Aftertakingintoaccountdifferencesinotherfactorsthatcouldaffectstrokerisk,suchashighbloodpressure,theresearchersestimatedthatsubjectswhoconsumeduptotwoalcoholicdrinksdailywereonlyhalfaslikelytohavesufferedclot-typestrokesasnon-drinkers.Clot-typestrokesaccountfor80percentofallstrokes,aleadingcauseofUSdeathsanddisability.Strokeriskincreasedwithheavierdrinking.Atsevendrinksperday,riskwasalmosttriplethatofmoderatedrinkers.6、Theprincipleofprotectingoneselffromstrokesbyconsumingalcoholreasonablycannotbeappliedto______.A、heavydrinkersB、lightdrinkersC、milddrinkersD、non-drinkers标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。根据第二段引号“Nostudyhasshownbenefitinrecommendingalcoholconsumptiontothosewhodonotdrink”．“没有研究显示推荐那些不喝酒的人喝酒有益”可知，喝酒有节制是针对有饮酒习惯的人而言，没有喝酒习惯的人并不推荐他们喝酒，所以D选项表达正确。7、Whydidresearchersfindabouttherelationshipbetweenstrokesandalcoholconsumptionbeforethenewstudy?A、Theyagreedthatalcoholconsumptioncouldcausestrikes.B、Theycouldnotfindanydatatosupporttherelationship.C、Whattheyfoundwastotallyoppositetothenewstudy.D、Theirfindingswerenotconsistentwithanotherone’s.标准答案：D知识点解析：细节题。根据beforethenewstudy定位到第三段内容Theprotectiveeffectofmoderatedrinkingagainstheartattackiswellestablished，butthedatahasbeenconflictingwithalcoholandstrokes．theauthorsaid．“有节制地饮酒保护人们不患心脏病这种说法广为人们接受．但是有关饮酒和中风的数据则互相矛盾”。说明之前的研究没有确定饮酒和中风两者之间的关系。题干中的notconsistent和原句conflicting互为对应点，所以选D。8、ThenewstudyconductedbyDr.Saccoandhiscolleaguesisuniqueinthat______.A、itrefutesearlystudiesontheprotectiveeffectofmoderatedrinkingagainstheartattacksB、itconfirmsearlystudiesofmoderatedrinkingagainstheartattacksC、itfindsthatmoderatedrinkingcanbenefitpeopleofdifferentracesequallywellD、ithelpstoresolvethedisputesovertheeffectofmoderatedrinkingagainststrokes标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据第三段ThenewstudyhelpssettlethequestionandisthefirsttofindblacksandHispanicbenefitaswellaswhites．accordingtotheauthors．“新的研究确定了饮酒和中风的关系，而且首次发现黑人和西班牙裔像白人也能同样受益。”说明节制的饮酒有益于不同种族的人，所以选C。9、Howdoesmoderatealcoholconsumptionmostprobablyprotectusfromstrokes?A、Byenhancingthelevelofthegoodcholesterol.B、Byreducingthepossibilityofthebloodplateletstodeposit.C、Byreducingthenumberofbloodplateletsandbloodclots.D、Byenhancingthepossibilityofthebloodplateletstodeposit.标准答案：B知识点解析：推断题。根据第四段Theyspeculatedalcoholmayprotectagainststrokebyactingonsomeotherbloodtrait。suchasthetendencyofbloodplateletstoclump，whichiSkeyinformingthebloodclotsthatcancausestrokes．“他们推断酒精通过对某些血液特征起作用防止中风．比如血小板结块的趋势，血小板会堆积形成血块，导致中风”推断要想防止中风，就要防止血小板沉淀堆积，这和B选项表述一致，因此选B。10、Accordingtothelastparagraph,______aretheleastlikelytosufferclot-typestrokes.A、peoplewhohavetwoalcoholicdrinksdailyB、peoplewhodon’thaveanyalcoholicdrinksC、peoplewhohavemorethantwoalcoholicdrinksdailyD、peoplewhohavelessthansevenalcoholicdrinksdaily标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。根据文章最后一段…theresearchersestimatedthatsubjectswhoconsumeduptotwoalcoholicdrinksdailywereonlyhalfaslikelytohavesufferedclot-typestrokesasnon-drinkers．“研究估计每天喝两杯的人得血块凝结中风的几率只有不饮酒的人的一半”可知正确答案为A。Theproblemofhowhealth-careresourcesshouldbeallocatedorapportioned,sothattheyaredistributedinboththemostjustandmostefficientway,isnotanewone.Everyhealthsysteminaneconomicallydevelopedsocietyisfacedwiththeneedtodecide(eitherformallyorinformally)whatproportionofthecommunity'stotalresourcesshouldbespentonhealth-care;howresourcesaretobeapportioned;whatdiseasesanddisabilitiesandwhichformsoftreatmentaretobegivenpriority;whichmembersofthecommunityaretobegivenspecialconsiderationinrespectoftheirhealthneeds;andwhichformsoftreatmentarethemostcost-effective.Whatisnewisthat,fromthe1950sonwards,therehavebeencertaingeneralchangesinoutlookaboutthefinitudeofresourcesasawholeandofhealth-careresourcesinparticular,aswellasmorespecificchangesregardingtheclienteleofhealth-careresourcesandthecosttothecommunityofthoseresources.Thus,inthe1950sand1960s,thereemergedawarenessinWesternsocietiesthatresourcesfortheprovisionoffossilfuelenergywerefiniteandexhaustibleandthatthecapacityofnatureortheenvironmenttosustaineconomicdevelopmentandpopulationwasalsofinite.Inotherwords,webecameawareoftheobviousfactthattherewere"limitstogrowth".Thenewconsciousnessthattherewerealsoseverelimitstohealth-careresourceswaspartofthisgeneralrevelationoftheobvious.Lookingback,itnowseemsquiteincrediblethatinthenationalhealthsystemsthatemergedinmanycountriesintheyearsimmediatelyafterthe1939-1945WorldWar,itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbesatisfied,atleastinprinciple;the"invisiblehand"ofeconomicprogresswouldprovide.However,atexactlythesametimeasthisnewrealizationofthefinitecharacterofhealth-careresourceswassinkingin,anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsocieties:thatpeoplehaveabasicrighttohealth-careasanecessaryconditionofaproperhumanlife.Likeeducation,politicalandlegalprocessesandinstitutions,publicorder,communication,transportandmoneysupply,health-carecametobeseenasoneofthefundamentalsocialfacilitiesnecessaryforpeopletoexercisetheirotherrightsasautonomoushumanbeings.Peoplearenotinapositiontoexercisepersonallibertyandtobeself-determiningiftheyarepoverty-stricken,ordeprivedofbasiceducation,ordonotlivewithinacontextoflawandorder.Inthesameway,basichealth-careisaconditionoftheexerciseofautonomy.11、Whichofthefollowingsisnotanissueforeveryhealthsystemtotackle?A、Whatproportionofthecommunity’stotalresourcesshouldbespentonhealth-care.B、Whatdiseasesanddisabilitiesandwhichformsoftreatmentaretobegivenpriority.C、Whichkindsofprofessionsaretobegivenspecialconsideration.D、Whichformsoftreatmentarethemostcost-effective.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据第一段可知A选项“在卫生保健方面投入的资源应占社会全部资源的多大比例”，B“什么样的疾病和残疾以及什么形式的治疗应该享有优先权”，D“什么形式的治疗是最节省成本的”都有提及，只有C“哪种职业需要特殊关照”并没有提及，属于每一个卫生系统需要做出的决定，所以C选项为答案。12、Whatisnewabouthealth-careresourcesfrom1950sonwards?A、Health-careresourcesshouldbeallocatedorapportionedefficiently.B、Health-careresourceswerelimitedandfinite.C、Health-careresourceswereinfiniteandinexhaustible.D、Health-careresourcesshouldbegivenprioritybythegovernments.标准答案：B知识点解析：细节题。根据1950s定位到第二段内容Thenewconsciousnessthattherewerealsoseverelimitstohealth-careresourceswaspartofthisgeneralrevelationoftheobvious．“卫生保健资源同样也会有一些限制的新观念就是这个显而易见的事实的一部分。”说明20世纪50年代以来人们认识到卫生健康资源是有限的。所以选B。13、Withhindsight,whatisinconceivableaboutnationalhealthsystemsintheyearsaftertheendofWWII?A、Itwastakenforgrantedthatsuchsystemscateredtoallofpeople’sbasichealthneeds.B、Itwastakenforgrantedthatsuchsystemswereperfectlyestablished.C、Itwastakenforgrantedthatsuchsystemswerejustandfair.D、Itwastakenforgrantedthatsuchsystemswereup-to-date.标准答案：A知识点解析：细节题。根据WWII定位到第二段Lookingback，itnowseemsquiteincrediblethatinthenationalhealthsystemsthatemergedinmanycountriesintheyearsimmediatelyafterthe1939—1945WorldWar，itwasassumedwithoutquestionthatallthebasichealthneedsofanycommunitycouldbesatisfied，atleastinprinciple；the“invisiblehand”ofeconomicprogresswouldprovide．“回溯起来．有一个观点现在看来不可思议：在1939年到1945年的世界大战结束后的几年内，很多国家建立了国民卫生体系，人们认为这样的国民卫生体系至少在理论上能够满足任何人群的所有基础卫生需求，经济增长中‘看不见的手’将提供一切所需。”题干中的Withhindsight和原文的Lookingback．inconceivable和incredible，cateredto和satisfied互为对应点，所以选A。14、Whendidhealth-carecometobeseenasaright?A、BeforeWWII.B、Before1950s.C、Ataboutthetimethatthelimitsofhealth-careresourcesbecameevident.D、Ataboutthetimewhenthebeliefthateconomicprogresswouldproduceallthehealth-careresourcesprevailed.标准答案：C知识点解析：细节题。根据第三段However．atexactlythesametimeasthisnewrealizationofthefinitecharacterofhealth．careresourceswassinkingin，anawarenessofacontrarykindwasdevelopinginWesternsocieties：thatpeoplehaveabasicrighttohealth—careasanecessaryconditionofaproperhumanlife．“然而，就在这种认为卫生资源是有限的新思想销声匿迹的同时，一种相反的思想在西方社会发展起来了。这种思想认为享受卫生保健是人们的一项基本权利，而这种权力是人们正常生活的必要条件。”可知C选项的表述“几乎在人们认识到医疗资源是有限的同时，医疗保健开始被看做是人们的一项权利”是正确的．因此选C。15、Apersonisconsideredasautonomousandindependentwhenhe/sheis______.A、poverty-strickenB、deprivedofbasiceducationC、notlivingwithinacontextoflawandorderD、entitledtotherightsofhealth-careresources标准答案：D知识点解析：推断题。根据文章最后一段Peoplearenotinapositiontoexercisepersonallibertyandtobeself-determiningiftheyarepoverty—stricken，ordeprivedofbasiceducation，ordonotlivewithinacontextoflawandorder．Inthesameway．basichealth—careisaconditionoftheexerciseofautonomy．“如果为贫穷而苦恼，或者被剥夺了基础教育，或者没有生活在法律法规的框架下，那么人们就不能拥有个人自由，自主行事。同样，基础卫生保健也是人实现自由的一个条件。”可推断一个自由独立的人需要卫生保健的权利。所以正确答案为D。AustraliahasbeenunusualintheWesternworldinhavingaveryconservativeattitudetonaturaloralternativetherapies,accordingtoDrPaulLaver,alecturerinPublicHealthattheUniversityofSydney."We'vehadatraditionofdoctorsbeingfairlypowerfulandIguesstheyareprettyloathtoallowpretenderstothe