大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷55（共210题）

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷55（共9套）（共210题）大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第1套一、长篇阅读(本题共30题，每题1.0分，共30分。)TheBirthofScientificEnglishA)Worldscienceisdominatedtodaybyasmallnumberoflanguages,includingJapanese,GermanandFrench,butitisEnglishwhichisprobablythemostpopulargloballanguageofscience.ThisisnotjustbecauseoftheimportanceofEnglish-speakingcountriessuchastheUSAinscientificresearch;thescientistsofmanynon-English-speakingcountriesfindthattheyneedtowritetheirresearchpapersinEnglishtoreachawideinternationalaudience.B)GiventheprominenceofscientificEnglishtoday,itmayseemsurprisingthatnoonereallyknewhowtowritescienceinEnglishbeforethe17thcentury.Beforethat,LatinwasregardedasthelinguafrancaforEuropeanintellectuals.C)TheEuropeanRenaissance(c.14th~16thcentury)issometimescalledthe"revivaloflearning",atimeofrenewedinterestinthe"lostknowledge"ofclassicaltimes.Atthesametime,however,scholarsalsobegantotestandextendthisknowledge.D)TheemergentnationstatesofEuropedevelopedcompetitiveinterestsinworldexplorationandthedevelopmentoftrade.Suchexpansion,whichwastotaketheEnglishlanguagewesttoAmericaandeasttoIndia,wassupportedbyscientificdevelopmentssuchasthediscoveryofmagnetism(andhencetheinventionofthecompass),improvementsincartographyand—perhapsthemostimportantscientificrevolutionofthemall—thenewtheoriesofastronomyandthemovementoftheEarthinrelationtotheplanetsandstars,developedbyCopernicus(1473-1543).E)EnglandwasoneofthefirstcountrieswherescientistsadoptedandpublicizedCopernicanideaswithenthusiasm.Someofthesescholars,includingtwowithinterestsinlanguage—JohnWall'sandJohnWilkins—helpedFoundtheRoyalSocietyin1660inordertopromoteempiricalscientificresearch.F)AcrossEuropesimilaracademiesandsocietiesarose,creatingnewnationaltraditionsofscience.Intheinitialstagesofthescientificrevolution,mostpublicationsinthenationallanguageswerepopularworks,encyclopaedias,educationaltextbooksandtranslations.G)OriginalsciencewasnotdoneinEnglishuntilthesecondhalfofthe17thcentury.Forexample,Newtonpublishedhismathematicaltreatise,knownasthePrincipia,inLatin,butpublishedhislaterworkonthepropertiesoflight—Opticks—inEnglish.H)TherewereseveralreasonswhyoriginalsciencecontinuedtobewritteninLatin.Thefirstwassimplyamatterofaudience.Latinwassuitableforaninternationalaudienceofscholars,whereasEnglishreachedasociallywider,butmorelocal,audience.Hence,popularsciencewaswritteninEnglish.I)AsecondreasonforwritinginLatinmay,perversely,havebeenaconcernforsecrecy.Openpublicationhaddangersinputtingintothepublicdomainpreliminaryideaswhichhadnotyetbeenfullyexploitedbytheir"author".Thisgrowingconcernaboutintellectualproperlyrightswasafeatureoftheperiod—itreflectedboththehumanistnotionoftheindividual,rationalscientistwhoinventsanddiscoversthroughprivateintellectuallabour,andthegrowingconnectionbetweenoriginalscienceandcommercialexploitation.J)Therewassomethingofasocialdistinctionbetween"scholarsandgentlemen"whounderstoodLatin,andmenoftradewholackedaclassicaleducation.Andinthemid-17thcenturyitwascommonpracticeformathematicianstokeeptheirdiscoveriesandproofssecret,bywritingthemincipher,inobscurelanguages,orinprivatemessagesdepositedinasealedboxwiththeRoyalSociety.SomescientistsmighthavefeltmorecomfortablewithLatinpreciselybecauseitsaudience,thoughinternational,wassociallyrestricted.DoctorsclungthemostkeenlytoLatinasan"insiderlanguage".K)AthirdreasonwhythewritingoforiginalscienceinEnglishwasdelayedmayhavebeentodowiththelinguisticinadequacyofEnglishintheearlymodernperiod.Englishwasnotwellequippedtodealwithscientificargument.First,itlackedthenecessarytechnicalvocabulary.Second,itlackedthegrammaticalresourcesrequiredtorepresenttheworldinanobjectiveandimpersonalway,andtodiscusstherelations,suchascauseandeffect,thatmightholdbetweencomplexandhypotheticalentities.L)Fortunately,severalmembersoftheRoyalSocietypossessedaninterestinlanguageandbecameengagedinvariouslinguisticprojects.Althoughaproposalin1664toestablishacommitteeforimprovingtheEnglishlanguagecametolittle,thesociety'smembersdidagreatdealtofosterthepublicationofscienceinEnglishandtoencouragethedevelopmentofasuitablewritingstyle.M)ManymembersoftheRoyalSocietyalsopublishedmonographsinEnglish.OneofthefirstwasbyRobertHooke,thesociety'sfirstcuratorofexperiments,whodescribedhisexperimentswithmicroscopesinMicrographia(1665).Thisworkislargelynarrativeinstyle,basedonatranscriptoforaldemonstrationsandlectures.N)In1665anewscientificjournal,PhilosophicalTransactions,wasinaugurated.PerhapsthefirstinternationalEnglish-languagescientificjournal,itencouragedanewgenreofscientificwriting,thatofshort,focusedaccountsofparticularexperiments.O)The17thcenturywasthusaformativeperiodintheestablishmentofscientificEnglish.InthefollowingcenturymuchofthismomentumwaslostasGermanestablisheditselfastheleadingEuropeanlanguageofscience.Itisestimatedthatbytheendofthe18thcentury401Germanscientificjournalshadbeenestablishedasopposedto96inFranceand50inEngland.However,inthe19thcenturyscientificEnglishagainenjoyedsubstantiallexicalgrowthastheindustrialrevolutioncreatedtheneedfornewtechnicalvocabulary,andnew,specialised,professionalsocietieswereinstitutedtopromoteandpublishinthenewdisciplines.1、InseventeenthcenturyBritain,thoseprofoundthinkerscombinedtheirinterestsinsciencewithanenthusiasminhowtoexpressideas.标准答案：E知识点解析：题干意为，在17世纪的英国，那些先进的思想家将他们对科学的兴趣与对如何表达想法的热情结合在一起。定位于原文E段，“1660”对应“seventeenthcentury”“interestsinlanguage”对应“anenthusiasminhowtoexpressideas”。故选E。2、TheworldwidescientistshavetowritetheiressaysinEnglishiftheywanttoattractaudiencefromdifferentcountries.标准答案：A知识点解析：定位于A段第二句，“ThisisnotjustbecauseoftheimportanceofEnglish—speaking…theyneedtowritetheirresearchpapersinEnglishtoreachawideinternationalaudience．”不仅因为像美国这样的英语国家在科学研究中的重要作用，而且因为许多非英语国家的科学家为了拥有更多的国际读者，他们需要用英语写论文。即题干大意，如果想要吸引来自不同国家的读者，全世界的科学家需要用英语写论文。故选A。3、ScientificEnglishdevelopedagaininthe19thcenturyasadirectresultoftheindustrialrevolution.标准答案：O知识点解析：根据“19世纪”这一关键词，定位于原文O段。“However，inthe19thcenturyscientificEnglishagainenjoyedsubstantiallexicalgrowthastheindustrialrevolution…”意为，但是在19世纪，因为工业革命的兴起，科技英语在词汇量上再次大幅增长。题干中“asadirectresultofindustrialrevolution”是原文“astheindustrialrevolution”的同义替换，词汇量上增长即科技英语发展之意。所以，正确答案是O。4、TheanotherreasonforwritinginLatininsteadofinEnglishistokeepdiscoveriessecret.标准答案：I知识点解析：题干意为，用拉丁文而不用英语写作是因为想将发现的东西保密起来。定位于原文I段第一句，“AsecondreasonforwritinginLatinmay，perversely，havebeenaconcernforsecrecy．”看起来有点荒谬．但用拉丁文写的第二个原因是考虑到保密性。与题干大意相符，故选I。5、Anearlyscientificjournalfosteredanewkindofwritingbasedonshortdescriptionofspecificexperiments.标准答案：N知识点解析：根据关键词“anearlyscientificjournal”定位于N段第二句。题干意为，早期的科学期刊促进了一种新的写作风格，即基于对具体实验的简洁描述。题干“early”对应“thefirst’，“foster”对应“encourage”，“shortaccountsofparticularexperiments”对应“shortdescriptionofspecificexperiments”。所以，正确答案选N。6、SincetheimportanceofscientificEnglishnowadays,itisdifficultforustoimaginethatfewpeoplecouldwritescienceinEnglishbefore1600s.标准答案：B知识点解析：题干意为，因为如今科技英语已非常重要，我们很难想像在1600年前，很少人会在科学文章中用英语写作。定位于原文B段第一句，题干“sincetheimportanceof”与原文“giventheprominenceof”为近义替换，“itmayseemsurprising”看起来很不可思议的即难理解的意思。所以，正确答案是B。7、OnereasonforwritingofpopularscienceinEnglishhasbeentheconcernforamajorityofaudience.标准答案：H知识点解析：根据关键词“popularscience”定位于H段第三句。拉丁文适用于国际学者，但英语可以被大多数读者所理解，所以大众科学用英语写成。“amajorityofaudience”对应“asociallywider”。所以，正确答案是H。8、InBritain,scientistsworriedthatEnglishhadneitherthetechnicalvocabularynorthegrammaticalresourcestoexpresstheirideas.标准答案：K知识点解析：根据关键词“technicalvocabulary”和“grammaticalresources”定位于K段．意为在英国，科学家担心英语缺乏技术词汇和语法来表达思想。所以，选择K段。9、Luckily,scientistsassociatedwiththeRoyalSocietysetaboutdevelopingEnglish.标准答案：L知识点解析：根据关键词“RoyalSociety”定位于L段。题干意为，幸运的是，科学家与皇家学会联合发展英语。与L段第一句意思相符，故选L。10、Inmid-17thcentury,thedesiretoprotectideasseemstohavebeenstrong,especiallyinthecaseofmathematiciansanddoctors.标准答案：J知识点解析：题干意为，在17世纪中期，对知识的保护欲望似乎更强烈，尤其体现在数学家和医生的例子上。根据关键词“数学家和医生”定位于J段，此段列举数学家和医生用大多数人不用的语言来记录事宜，说明对知识产权的重视和保护。EatingDisordersA)Eatingdisordershavebeenmostcommonlyassociatedwithwomenandthereforemoststudiesonanorexianervosahavebeenconcentratedwithinthefemalepopulation.Suchgenderbiashowevermakesitlesslikelythatadoctorwilldiagnoseamaleashavinganeatingdisorderoranorexiaeventhoughthesymptomsmightbeidentical.B)Menarefarlesslikelytodiscussaneatingdisorderwithothermenorwithwomen.Theirdoctorsaremorelikelytodiagnosethemashavingaboutofdepressionduetostressorsomekindofupsetratherthansufferingfromaneatingdisorderbecausesuchdisordershavebeenlargelylabelledfemalediseases.Thisismostlyduetotheculturaldifferencesbetweenmenandwomen.C)Discussionsaboutbeauty,newdietsandbodyweightareseenasthefemalearenaofdiscussionthatmalesseldomenter.Also,traditionallymen'sbeautyisdisplayedinbodymass,buildingmuscleandbodybuildingandthereforetodiscussissuessurroundingweightlossinnotseenasparticularlymasculinebecausemen"Don'thavepsychologicalproblems"and"Don'ttalkabouttheirfeelings"eventhoughmendosufferfromanorexia.D)ThediseaseisfarmorecommonintheWesternworldthananywhereelseandthereismuchcauseforconcernasrecentresearchsuggeststhatthediseaseisontheincrease.Thediseasemostlymanifestsitselfduringadolescencewhenthesignsofobviousweightlossbecomeapparent.Peoplewhosufferfromthediseasehaveagenuineandconstantterrifyingfearofgainingweight,evenwhentheirweightismuchlessthanpeopleoftheirsameheightandstature..E)Doctorshavebeenabletocharacterizethediseasebecausethesufferer'sbodyweightisabout15%belowaveragefortheirheight.Suffersalsotendtoavoidfattyfoods,uselaxatives,diureticsorengageinexcessiveexercise.F)Becausepeopleliveinaworldobsessedwithimageandafashionandcosmeticsindustrythatforcesanimageoftheidealbody,itcansometimesbedifficulttodistinguishbetweenanorexicsandthosewhohaveahigherinterestintheirphysicalappearancethanmostpeople.Anorexicscanbedistinguishedfromanon-anorexicsbecauseweightlossiscompletelyself-inducedandthesufferergoestoextremestoloseweight,alsoengaginginself-inducedvomitinguntileventuallythesituationfastgetsourofcontrol.G)Suffersarealsocompletelypreoccupiedwiththeirbodiesandactuallybelievethemselvestobefatwheninrealitytheyaremalnourishedandstarklythinnerthantheirpeers.Theyalsobegintoloseinterestinactivitiestheirpeersareinvolvedinsuchassocializingandveryoftenbecomewithdrawn.Thesearecommonsymptomsinmanyadolescentsbutcoupledwiththeobviousanddrasticweightlossandlackofconcentrationitiseasiertodiagnoseanadolescentwiththebeginningstagesofanorexia.H)Theactualcauseofthediseaseisunknownbutscientistsbelievethatbiologicalandsocialfactorsplayaroleandsometimesthediseasecanbetriggeredbytraumaticeventssuchasadeathinthefamily,stressortheonsetofpuberty.I)Whileitistruethatmostsuffersofthediseasearefemale,some10%aremale.Studiesshowthattherearedifferencesbetweenmaleandfemaleanorexics.Femalesufferstendtoviewthemselvesasfatter,moreoverweightthanmaleswiththesamecondition.Malestendtoengageinlessself-inducedvomiting,takefewerlaxativesanddiuretics,andaremoremotivatedbuthavemorephysicalcomplaints.J)Ithasbeensuggestedalsothatthereisalinkbetweenmaleswiththediseasetotendingtobehomosexual.Theactualfigureisunknownanditisimportanttounderstandthatsuchalinkdoesnotindicatethatallmalesufferersofanorexianervosaoreatingdisorderarehomosexual.Alsotheretendstoahigherrateinsuicideattemptsinmalesufferers.K)Thebiggestproblem,however,isdiagnosingmaleanorexiaoreatingdisorderbecauseofthecommonbeliefthatsuchdiseaseareessentiallyfemalealthoughthemedicalprofessionismoreawareofmaleanorexiathaneverbefore.L)Sufferscangomanyyearswithouttreatmentbuteventuallysuffererslosemorebodyweight,asmuchas25%-30%,whichleadstochronicillnessandevendeath.Themortalityrateisashighas5%.Othersareluckybecausesometimesonsetofthediseasecanbetemporarywithcompleterecovery.M)Thereistreatmentforsuffersofthisterribledisease.Insomecasessuffersaretreatedbymedication,usuallywhenthediseaseisaccompaniedbyseveredepression.Usuallythoughsufferersarereferredtoapsychologistoratherapistandareencouragedtojoinself-helpgroupsandarecounselledbypeoplewhohavefirst-handexperienceofthediseasethemselves.11、Itishardtodistinguishnon-anorexicfromgenuinesuffersduetotheappearancepreoccupationinoursocieties.标准答案：F知识点解析：题干意为，因为我们社会过于重视外表，所以很难分辨真厌食者和非患者。原文F段第一句．“BecausepeopleliveinaworldobsessedwithimageandafashionandcosmeticsindustrythatforcesanimageoftheidealbodV，itcansometimesbedifficulttodistinguishbetweenanorexicsandthosewhohaveahigherinterestintheirphysicalappearancethanmostpeople．”题干“appearancepreoccupation”是原文“obsessedwithimage”的近义替换．题干“non—anorexic”代替原文“thosewhohaveahigherinterestintheirphysicalappearance”。所以，正确答案是F。12、Doctorsaresoeasilytobeinfluencedbygenderprejudicethattheyareunlikelytodiagnosemenashavingeatingdisorderslikewomen.标准答案：A知识点解析：根据关键词“genderprejudice”定位于A段第二句，原文“genderbias”(性别偏见)是同义替换。原文“Suchgenderbiashowevermakesitlesslikelythatadoctorwilldiagnoseamaleashavingaseatingdisorder…”意为．这样的性别偏见使医生不大可能将有同样症状的男性患者判断为进食障碍。言下之意，医生容易受到性别偏见的影响，即题干之意。所以，选择A段。13、Those,whohaveexperiencedpainfuleventslikedeathofrelativesandpressure,arelikelytogetthedisease.标准答案：H知识点解析：题干意为，那些经历过痛苦如亲人去世或压力的人们，会更容易得此病。原文H段。“sometimesthediseasecanbetriggeredbytraumaticeventssuchasdeathinthefamily，stress…”“betriggeredby”(由……引发)即引发因素会导致……结果，“traumaticevents”对应“painfulevents”，“deathinthefamily”对应“deathofrelatives”，由此可看出题干为此句的改写。14、Thereasonwhyweshouldpaymoreattentiononthediseaseisfortherisingnumberclaimedbyaresearch.标准答案：D知识点解析：题干意为，我们需要更多地关注这项疾病上面是因为这项疾病数量在增长。D段第一句，“thereismuchcauseforconcernasrecentresearchsuggeststhatthediseaseisontheincrease”可看出，“Thereasonwhy…is”替换“thereismuchcause”．“risingnumber”对应“ontheincrease”，题干为原文的改写，故选D。15、Forthoseluckypeople,anorexiaissometimesmerelyapassingphase.标准答案：L知识点解析：根据关键词“lucky”定位于L段最后一句，“Othersareluckybecausesometimesonsetofthediseasecanbetemporarywithcompleterecovery．”“thedisease”指代厌食症“anorexia”，“temporary”(暂时的)与“apassingphase”对应。所以，应选L。16、Whenpatientssufferfrombothanorexiaandseveredepression,theyarerequiredtotakemedication.标准答案：M知识点解析：根据关键词“severedepression”，定位于原文M段第二句，“InsomecasesSUffersaretreatedbymedication，usuallywhenthediseaseisaccompaniedbyseveredepression．”原句意为，在一些病例中，如果患者伴有严重抑郁症，则需要服用药物。与题干意思相符，即患者同时患有厌食症和严重抑郁症，需要用药。所以．正确答案是M。17、Adoctorwronglydiagnosesaneatingdisorderinmalesasstressrelatedbecausesomediseasesarethoughttoaffectwomenmorethanmen.标准答案：B知识点解析：题干意为，医生将男性的进食障碍误诊为与压力相关，是因为这些疾病被认为是更多地影响女性。原文B段第二句，“Theirdoctorsaremorelikelytodiagnosethemashavingaboutofdepressionduetostress…largelylabelledfemalediseases．”与题干意思一致。18、Acombinationofphysicalandemotionssymptomsarethewarningsignsthatanadolescentmightbedevelopingthedisease.标准答案：G知识点解析：根据关键词“adolescent”定位于原文G段第三句．“Thesearecommonsymptomsinmanyadolescentsbutcoupledwiththeobviousanddrasticweightlossandlackofconcentrationitiseasiertodiagnoseanadolescentwiththebeginningstagesofanorexia．”题干“warningsigns”对应“commonsymptoms”，“physicalsymptoms”(身体症状)对应“weightloss”(体重减轻)，“emotionssymptoms”(情绪症状)对应“lackofconcentration”(注意力不集中)。所以，正确答案是G。19、Men,sufferingfromanorexia,aremorelikelytocommitsuicide.标准答案：J知识点解析：根据关键词“commitsuicide”定位于原文J段最后一句，“Alsotheretendstoahigherrateinsuicideattemptsinmalesufferers．”意为，男性患者的自杀率比较高。“commitsuicide”与“suicideattempts”为近义替换，题干与原文大意相符，故选J。20、Previouslymalebeautyfocusonthephysicalaspectsofthebody.标准答案：C知识点解析：原文C段第二句，“traditionallymen’sbeautyisdisplayedinbodymass，buildingweightandbodybuilding”意为．传统的男性美注重体重、体型和健身，即注重外形身材，与题干“physical”相对应。所以，正确答案是C。AdvantagesofPublicTransportA)AnewstudyconductedfortheWorldBankbyMurdochUniversity'sInstituteforScienceandTechnologyPolicy(ISTP)hasdemonstratedthatpublictransportismoreefficientthancars.Thestudycomparedtheproportionofwealthpouredintotransportbythirty-sevencitiesaroundtheworld.Thisincludedboththepublicandprivatecostsofbuilding,maintainingandusingatransportsystem.B)ThestudyfoundthattheWesternAustraliancityofPerthisagoodexampleofacitywithminimalpublictransport.Asaresult,17%ofitswealthwentintotransportcosts.SomeEuropeanandAsiancities,ontheotherhand,spentaslittleas5%.ProfessorPeterNewman,ISTPDirector,pointedoutthatthesemoreefficientcitieswereabletoputthedifferenceintoattractingindustryandjobsorcreatingabetterplacetolive.C)AccordingtoProfessorNewman,thelargerAustraliancityofMelbourneisaratherunusualcityinthissortofcomparison.Hedescribesitastwocities:AEuropeancitysurroundedbyacar-dependentone.Melbourne'slargetramnetworkhasmadecaruseintheinnercitymuchlower,buttheoutersuburbshavethesamecar-basedstructureasmostotherAustraliancities.TheexplosionindemandforaccommodationintheinnersuburbsofMelbournesuggestsarecentchangeinmanypeople'spreferencesastowheretheylive.D)Newmansaysthisisanew,broaderwayofconsideringpublictransportissues.Inthepast,thecaseforpublictransporthasbeenmadeonthebasisofenvironmentalandsocialjusticeconsiderationsratherthaneconomics.Newman,however,believesthestudydemonstratesthat"theauto-dependentcitymodelisinefficientandgrosslyinadequateineconomicaswellasenvironmentalterms".E)BicycleusewasnotincludedinthestudybutNewmannotedthatthetwomost"bicyclefriendly"citiesconsidered—AmsterdamandCopenhagen—wereveryefficient,eventhoughtheirpublictransportsystemswere—"reasonablebutnotspecial".F)Itiscommonforsupportersofroadnetworkstorejectthemodelsofcitieswithgoodpublictransportbyarguingthatsuchsystemswouldnotworkintheirparticularcity.Oneobjectionisclimate.Somepeoplesaytheircitycouldnotmakemoreuseofpublictransportbecauseitiseithertoohotortoocold.Newmanrejectsthis,pointingoutthatpublictransporthasbeensuccessfulinbothTorontoandSingaporeand,infact,hehascheckedtheuseofcarsagainstclimateandfound"zerocorrelation".G)Whenitcomestootherphysicalfeatures,roadlobbiesareonstrongerground.Forexample,NewmanacceptsitwouldbehardforacityashillyasAucklandtodevelopareallygoodrailnetwork.However,hepointsoutthatbothHongKongandZurichhavemanagedtomakeasuccessoftheirrailsystems,heavyandlightrespectively,thoughtherearefewcitiesintheworldashilly.H)Infact,Newmanbelievesthemainreasonforadoptingonesortoftransportoveranotherispolitics:"Themoredemocratictheprocess,themorepublictransportisfavoured."HeconsidersPortland,Oregon,aperfectexampleofthis.I)Someyearsago,federalmoneywasgrantedtobuildanewroad.However,localpressuregroupsforcedareferendumoverwhethertospendthemoneyonlightrailinstead.Therailproposalwonandtherailwayworkedspectacularlywell.Intheyearsthathavefollowed,moreandmorerailsystemshavebeenputin,dramaticallychangingthenatureofthecity.NewmannotesthatPortlandhasaboutthesamepopulationasPerthandhadasimilarpopulationdensityatthetime.J)IntheUK,traveltimestoworkhadbeenstableforatleastsixcenturies,withpeopleavoidingsituationsthatrequiredthemtospendmorethanhalfanhourtravellingtowork.Trainsandcarsinitiallyallowedpeopletoliveatgreaterdistanceswithouttakinglongertoreachtheirdestination.However,publicinfrastructuredidnotkeeppacewithurbansprawl,causingmassivecongestionproblemswhichnowmakecommutingtimesfarhigher.K)Thereisawidespreadbeliefthatincreasingwealthencouragespeopletolivefartheroutwherecarsaretheonlyviabletransport.TheexampleofEuropeancitiesrefutesthat.TheyareoftenwealthierthantheirAmericancounterpartsbuthavenotgeneratedthesamelevelofcaruse.InStockholm,carusehasactuallyfalleninrecentyearsasthecityhasbecomelargerandwealthier.L)Anewstudymakesthispointevenmorestarkly.DevelopingcitiesinAsia,suchasJakartaandBangkok,makemoreuseofthecarthanwealthyAsiancitiessuchasTokyoandSingapore.Incitiesthatdevelopedlater,theWorldBankandAsianDevelopmentBankdiscouragedthebuildingofpublictransportandpeoplehavebeenforcedtorelyoncars—creatingthemassivetrafficjamsthatcharacterizethosecities.M)NewmanbelievesoneofthebeststudiesonhowcitiesbuiltforcarsmightbeconvertedtorailuseisTheUrbanVillagereport,whichusedMelbourneasanexample.Itfoundthatpushingeveryoneintothecitycentrewasnotthebestapproach.Instead,theproposaladvocatedthecreationofurbanvillagesathundredsofsites,mostlyaroundrailwaystations.N)Itwasonceassumedthatimprovementsintelecommunicationswouldleadtomoredispersalinthepopulationaspeoplewerenolongerforcedintocities.However,theISTPteam'sresearchdemonstratesthatthepopulationandjobdensityofcitiesroseorremainedconstantinthe1980safterdecadesofdecline.Theexplanationforthisseemstobethatitisvaluabletoplacepeopleworkinginrelatedfieldstogether."Thenewworldwilllargelydependonhumancreativity,andcreativityflourisheswherepeoplecometogetherface-to-face."21、ThehillycitylikeAucklandisinappropriateforrailtransportsystem.标准答案：G知识点解析：题干意为，像奥克兰这样的山城不适宜开发轨道交通网。根据Auckland关键词．定位于G段第二句，“itwouldbehardforacityashillyasAucklandtodevelopareallygoodrailnetwork”可知，题干为原文改写，故选G。22、Byputtingmorefundsintootherfields,efficientcitiescanimprovethequalityoflifefortheirinhabitants.标准答案：B知识点解析：根据关键词“efjficientcities”定位于B段最后一句，“thesemoreefficientcitieswereabletoputthedifferenceintoattractingindustryandjobsorcreatingabetterplacetolive”意为这些高效率城市可以将更多的资金投入到吸引工厂、扩大就业和创造更好的场所中。题干“improvethequalityoflifefortheirinhabitants”是原文“creatingabetterplacetolive”的近义替换。所以，正确答案是B。23、Areferendumwasheldbylocalorganizationstodecidewhethertoconstructlightrail.标准答案：I知识点解析：根据关键词“referendum”定位于I段第二句．“localpressuregroupsforcedareferendumoverwhethertospendthemoneyonlightrailinstead”意思是，当地压力团体强行组织了一次公投，来表决是否要投钱建轻轨。题干大意相符，故选I。24、Citieswithhighlevelsofbicyclesusagecanbeefficientevenwhenpublictransportisonlyaveragelygood.标准答案：E知识点解析：题干意为，自行车使用普及率高的城市效率也高，即使其公共交通只是一般。原文E段，“…twomost“bicyclefriendly”cities…reasonablebutnotspecial”可看出，题干为此句的改写，所以，正确答案是E。25、ThefactthathousesinMelbourne’sinnersuburbsarelargelydemandedindicatesthatpeopleshifttoanewperceptiononwheretolive.标准答案：C知识点解析：根据关键词“innersuburbs”定位于C段最后一句．“TheexplosionindemandforaccommodationintheinnersuburbsofMelbournesuggestsarecentchangeinmanypeople’spreferencesastowheretheylive．”题干“housesarelargelydemanded”对应原文“explosionindemandforaccommodation”，且整句话为原文的改写。故选C。26、TheISTPstudyexaminedpublicandprivatesystemsin37citiesoftheworld.标准答案：A知识点解析：根据关键词“ISTP”和“37cities”定位于A段，“Thestudycompared…bythirty-sevencitiesaroundtheworld．”研究比较了37个城市公共交通投入的资金比例。很明显，正确答案是A。27、Somepeopleargueagainstpracticingpublictransportfortheextremeclimate.标准答案：F知识点解析：题干意为，由于极端天气，一些人反对公共交通。原文F段第三句，“Somepeoplesaytheircitycouldnotmakemoreuseofpublictransportbecauseitiseithertoohotortoocold．”题干“extremeclimate”对应“eithertoohotortoocold”所以．正确选项是F。28、Massivetrafficjamandlongercommutingtimeresultfromtheimbalancebetweenpublicinfrastructureandurbanexpansion.标准答案：J知识点解析：题干意为．大规模的交通堵塞和通勤时间加长是由于公共设施和城市扩张之间的不平衡所致。原文J段最后一句，“However，publicinfrastructuredidnotkeeppacewithurbansprawl，causingmassivecongestionproblemswhichnowmakingcommutingtimesfarhigher．”题干“trafficjam”与“congestionproblem”为同义替换，题干为此句的改写。29、FromtheperspectivefromNewman,theresearchshowsthatcitymodel,reliableoncars,lacksofadequaciesinthefieldsofeconomicandenvironment.标准答案：D知识点解析：原文D段最后一句．“…theauto-dependentcitymodelisinefficientandgrosslyinadequateineconomicaswellasenvironmentalterms．”题干“citymodel，reliableoncars”对应“auto-dependentcitymodel”(依赖汽车的城市模式)，“lacksofadequacies”对应“inadequate”(不足)。所以，正确答案是D。30、Humaninnovation,whichisoftenactivatedbypeople’sdirectinteraction,playsamajorroleinthefuture.标准答案：N知识点解析：题干意为，创造力常在人们直面交流中活跃起来，并将在未来起重要作用。是原文N段最后一句的改写。“Thenewworldwilllargelydependonhumancreativity，andcreativityflourisheswherepeoplecometogetherface-to-face．”“innovation”对应“creativity”(创造力)，“peoplecometogetherfacetoface”对应“people’sdirectinteraction”(人们面对面的沟通)。因此，正确答案是N。大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第2套一、仔细阅读(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)Onequestionthatworriesmanyvisitorsto,awebsitedevotedtothedelightsanddifficultiesoflifewithahiddengun,iswhethertheir"concealed-carry"permitswillbevalidoutsidethestateinwhichtheyareissued.Cantheytaketheirgunsonholidaywiththem?Cantheypackthemintheircheckedbagsforaflight?WhatiftheirplaneisdivertedtoaspotlikeNewYork,whichmakesitexceedinglydifficu