大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷42（共215题）

大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷42（共9套）（共215题）大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第1套一、词汇理解(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)Onelunchtime,MayWardwasdoinghershoppinginalocalsupermarket,whenshesuddenlyslippedandfell.Shewasbadlyshakenandbruisedbut【C1】______nothingseriousresulted.Itturnedoutthatshehasslippedonsomeice-creamwhichhadbeenspilledonthefloor.Twoweekslatershewrotetothefirmtoclaimcompensation.Sheassertedthattheyhadbeennegligentand【C2】______innotkeepingthefloorclean.Thefirmdenieditand【C3】______thattheyhadapropersystemand【C4】______forkeepingthefloorclean.SinceMrs.Wardfeltthatshewas【C5】______tocompensation,shesuedthefirmintheLawCourts.Herethefirmclaimedthatitdidnotfollow,justbecausesomeonehasslippedonthefloor,thattheymusthavebeennegligentcarryingouttheirduties.Theysaidthatunlessthecustomercouldprovehowtheice-creamcametobeonthefloor,andhowlongithadbeenlefttherebeforetheaccidenthappened,shehadnotmadeoutaproper【C6】______againstthem.Butthejudgetookadifferentview.Hesaidthattheaccidentwouldnothavehappenedatallifthefirmhadtaken【C7】______care.Itwasuptothefirm,hesaid,toprovide【C8】______,thattheaccidentdidnot【C9】______fromanynegligenceontheirpart.Theywould【C10】______beinabetterpositionthanthecustomertoestablishhowlongtheice-creamhadbeenspiltandexplainthecircumstancestotheCourts.ThefinalresultwasthatMrs.Wardreceived￡137aspaymentfordamages.A)reasonableB)obviouslyC)evidenceD)caseE)innocentF)inconvenienceG)deriveH)maintainedI)entitledJ)ariseK)carelessL)unexpectedlyM)determineN)fortunatelyO)instructions1、【C1】标准答案：N知识点解析：此处需要一个副词，评说伤势不重。词库中fortunately“所幸的是”符合句意。2、【C2】标准答案：K知识点解析：填入此处的词与negligent为并列关系，应为形容词或分词。梅．沃德认为超市公司有疏忽之处，没有保持地面干净。可见，careless符合语义要求。3、【C3】标准答案：H知识点解析：根据空格前的denied(否认)，可知此处需填入动词过去式。后面的“有一套合理的体系”说明这是公司在自我辩护，由此确定答案为maintained“坚持认为”。4、【C4】标准答案：O知识点解析：此处应为名词，与前面的apropersystem并列，是公司为自己辩护的理由。结合后面的“保持地面整洁”选择词库中的instructions，表示“保持地面整洁的指示”。5、【C5】标准答案：I知识点解析：此处应填入形容词或分词，且能与介词to搭配。沃德太太把公司告上了法庭是因为她觉得有理由得到赔偿。填入的词应表“有权利”、“有理由”之类的意思，entitled符合条件，beentitledtosth．意为“有……的权利”。6、【C6】标准答案：D知识点解析：不定冠词a提示此处需填入名词单数形式，而且能与makeout形成搭配。超市公司认为：只有证明冰激凌如何丢在地上、落在地上多久后才发生事故，沃德太太才有理由起诉。case符合语意，makeoutacase意为“找到充分的理由”。7、【C7】标准答案：A知识点解析：此处应填入修饰care的定语，可为形容词、名词或分词。法官认为公司如果处理得当，这类事件就不会发生。词库中reasonable符合句意。8、【C8】标准答案：C知识点解析：此处应填名词作provide的宾语。句中he指上文提到的thejudge，法官一般需要当事人提供“证据”，故用evidence。9、【C9】标准答案：J知识点解析：didnot提示此处应填入动词原形，且该词能与后面的from搭配。这里法官指出超市公司需提供证据证明事故不是由他们造成的，即提及了造成事故的原因，arisefrom“由……引起”强调起因，符合语境。derive虽能与from搭配，但derivefrom“从……起源”强调起源，不符合句意。10、【C10】标准答案：B知识点解析：空格位于would和be之间，应为副词。上文提到，法官认为得由公司提供证据，再结合本句后面的betterposition，可知公司提供证据肯定比消费者要容易，obviously符合句意。二、长篇阅读(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)HowtoLovetheWorldAsItIs?[A]Itstruckmerecentlythatalotofpeoplethinktheyknowwhat'swrongwiththisworld,anditalsostruckmethatthey'reallwrong.Seriously—almosteverypoliticalandreligiousgroup,everyopinionatedperson,everypublicationwithanopinion,hassaidatonetimeoranotherwhattheythinkiswrongwiththisworld.Sowhat'sreallywrongwiththeworld,inmyopinion?Notathing.[B]Itseemstobeaprevailingworld-viewthattheworldismessedup,thattherearejustafewthingswrongwithit,andifwecouldonlygetthosethingstochange,theworldwouldbegreat.Ifwecouldjusteducatepeopleandgetthemtorealizewhat'swrongwiththisworld,thingscouldchange.[C]Thistypeofviewoftheworldstemsfromanidealthatmanypeoplehaveintheirheadsofwhattheworldshouldbelike.Theymightnotrealizetheyhavethatideal,butit'sthere.AndtheworldwillneverreachthisPlatonicideal,becauseit'sjustthisimageofperfectionthatdoesnotmatchreality.Realityandthisidealareincompatible.[D]Sowhat'swrongwiththatview?Nothing'swrongwithit,actually.That'showmostpeopleare,andIdon'tthinkIcanchangethat,norwouldIwantto.Ithoughtitwouldbeaninterestingdiscussion,though,becauseIthinkthisdiscrepancybetweenwhatpeoplethinktheworldshouldbeandwhattheworldreallyiscancauseunhappiness.Ifyouwanttheworldtobecompletelyvegetarianandkindtoanimals,anditisn'tandwon'tbeintheforeseeablefuture,youwillmostlikelybeunhappy.Ifyouwanttheworldtogobacktohowitwasduringyourchildhood,orduringyourparents'generation,anditisn'tlikelytodoso,you'renotgoingtobehappy.Thesameistrueofanyofourideals.It'sverypossiblethattherealityofthepeopleinyourlifedon'tmeettheseideals.Thatmightcauseyoutobeunhappywiththem.Whenrealitydoesn'tmeetideals—anditrarelydoes—webecomeunhappy.[E]Sowhat'sthealternative?I'mnotproposingthatyou,oranyoneelse,changeyourworld-view.Ifyou,oranyoneelse,arehappywiththatworld-view,don'tchangeit.Butthereisanalternative,andI'mnotsayingit'sbetter.It'stheworld-viewItrytohave:insteadofhavinganideal,stoplookingforperfection.Accepttheworldasitis,andloveitforwhatitis.Acceptpeopleastheyare,andlovethem.[F]Whatwouldbetheresultofthisalternativeworld-view?Well,Ithinkyou'dbehappier,ifonlybecauseyoudidn'tseetheworldasafundamentallyflawedorevilplace,andbegantoseethegoodintheworld.This,however,isopentoindividualinterpretation,andyourownexperienceislikelytobedifferentthanmine.[G]Doesthismeanthatweshouldgiveupontryingtomakepositivechangesintheworld?Shouldwestoptryingtomaketheworldabetterplace?No!Don'teverstoptryingtodogoodthings!Eveniftheworldisalreadyagoodplace,wecanalwaysfindhappinessandsatisfactionintryingtodogood,intryingtomakepeople'slivesbetter.[H]Butwhataboutalltheevilandsufferingintheworld?Shouldweacceptandlovethataswell?That'sthetoughestpart,Ithink.It'shardtoacceptthatpeoplearedyingofdiseasesandfamineandwarandmurderandabuse,andperhapsimpossibletolovethataspectoftheworld.Youdon'thavetoloveit,butithelpstotrytoreallyunderstandit.Whydoesthishappen?Whatarethedeeperreasons?Attheheartofthedeepestreasonsishumanity—weareallflawedcreaturesinsomeway,andthat'swhatmakesushumanandbeautiful.[I]Whywouldsomeonecommitviolence,forexample?Becausetheyareevil?Therearenumerousreasons,butattheheartofitisprobablythatthispersonwashurt,abandoned,abused,orneglectedinsomeway,atsomepointinhislife.Thatpersonneedsourcompassionmorethananyone.Andifwetrytounderstandthisperson,orunderstandtheheartofanyviolenceintheworld,thenwecanbetterapplytheloveandcompassionthat'sneededtohealthispainandmaketheworldabetterplace.[J]Solet'ssaythatyou'dliketotrythisworld-view.You'dliketolovepeople,andtheentireworld,asitis,andnotasyou'dlikeittobe.Howdoyougoaboutdoingthat?TherearesixthingsIrecommenddoing.[K](1)Stoplookingforperfectionandideals.Realizethatyouhaveanidealinyourhead,andthatitisprobablyincompatiblewiththeworld.Itmightbeanidealaboutaperson,orabouthowthingsshouldbe.Theworldandpeoplearenotperfect.Stoplookingforperfection,andrealizethatitisalreadyhere.[L](2)Observe.Insteadoflookingatthisidealpictureinyourhead,lookatwhat'sreallythere.Whatistheworldreallylike?Whatarepeoplereallylike?Theonlywaytoknowthisistoobserve.Listentopeople.Lookattheworldaroundyou.Gatherdata,fromreality.[M](3)Understand.Nowthatyouhavethisdata,startaskingquestions.Whyarepeoplethewaytheyare?Whydidsomeonedowhattheydid?Whydoesthisproblemreallyexist?Don'tstopatthefirstanswersyoucomeupwith—digdeeper,anddeeper,untilyoureallyunderstandsomething.Seektounderstandbeforeyoujudge,inallsituations.Sometimesthatwillrequireimagination—youwon'tbeabletoreallyknowtherootofsomethingunlessyoupersonallyinvestigateeverything,butinsteadsometimesyoucantrytoimaginewhatmadeapersonthewaytheyare,orasituationwhatitis.[N](4)Accept.Onceyou'veobservedandbeguntounderstand,acceptthatthisisthewaytheworldis.Thisiswhothepersonis.Theworldisn'tgoingtomeetanyideal—itiswhatitis,andwhileitwillalwayschange,itprobablywon'tchangetomeetyourideal.Thepersoninquestionisexactlythesame—theywon'tmeetyourideal,butarewhotheyare.Acceptthisasfact.[O](5)LoveandCompassion.Onceyou'veacceptedthingsorpeopleastheyare,trytofinditinyourhearttolovethem,astheyare.Thewaytodothisistoseethegoodineverythingandeveryone,andifyou'vesoughttoreallylookandunderstand,youwillfindgoodineverything.[P](6)EnjoyLife.Theworldisawonderfulplaceonceyou'veaccepteditforwhatitisandsoughttoloveit.Peoplearewonderfulcreatures,fulloflifeandcreativityandmessinessanduniqueness.Acceptthis,understandit,loveit.Andenjoythisgiftwe'vebeengiven,foritisincredible.Andperfect,justasitis.11、Theprevailingbeliefisthattheworldisinamessandachangeofthesituationwouldmaketheworldbecomebetter.标准答案：B知识点解析：根据prevailingbelief和mess定位到B段。首句指出，当前流行的一种世界观是这个世界很混乱，存在一些问题，但只要我们解决了这些问题，这个世界会变得非常美好。本题句子是对原文的同义转述。12、Therehavebeenwars,murdersandabusesduetoourhumanity.标准答案：H知识点解析：根据wars，murders，abuses和humanity定位到H段。该段说，要人们接受因疾病、饥荒、战争、谋杀和虐待而失去生命的确很难，而要喜爱这些也许根本就是不可能的。但是造成这些的最深层的原因就是人性——我们在某方面天生就有缺陷。本题句子是对原文的概括，其中dueto对应原文的reasons。13、Theonlywaytofindoutwhattheworldisreallylikeistoobserve.标准答案：L知识点解析：根据theonlyway和observe定位到L段。该段作者自问自答：这个世界真正的样子是什么?世上的人到底是什么样的?要了解这些，唯一的方法就是观察。本题句子意思与此一致。题目中的findout对应原文的know。14、Frommypointofview,thereisnothingwrongwiththeworld.标准答案：A知识点解析：根据nothingwrongwiththeworld定位到A段。该段说，很多人认为这个世界存在各种问题，但作者认为一点事都没有。本题句子与原文该段最后两句对应。15、Wecanalwaysfindsatisfactionintryingtomaketheworldabetterplace.标准答案：G知识点解析：根据satisfaction和tryingtomaketheworldabetterplace定位到G段。作者认为，即使这个世界已经很好，我们也总是能在做好事、改善人们的生活中获得快乐和满足。本题句子是对原文的同义转述。16、Thealternativeworld-viewIsuggestistostopsearchingforperfectionandaccepttheworldasitis.标准答案：E知识点解析：根据alternative和accepttheworldasitis定位到E段。作者的建议是：不要去构想一个理想世界，不再追求完美，接受现在这个世界本来的样子，去喜爱这个真实的世界。本题句子是对原文的同义转述。17、Itisone’ssufferingthatcontributestohiscommitmentofviolence.标准答案：I知识点解析：根据commitmentofviolence定位到I段。该段说，导致有的人实施暴力最根本的原因可能是这个人在生命中的某一个时期在某些方面受到了伤害、遭到了遗弃、虐待或被人忽视。本题句子的suffering概括了原文的thispersonwashurt…orneglectedinsomeway。18、Itisadvocatedthatoneshouldtrytounderstandbeforemakingajudgment.标准答案：M知识点解析：根据understand和makingajudgment定位到M段。作者建议，在任何情况下，都不要轻易做出决断，在做出决断前要先用心去理解。本题句子的makingajudgment对应原文的judge。19、Perfectionisanidealthattheworldwillneverreachbecauseitdosnotmatchreality.标准答案：C知识点解析：根据perfection和doesnotmatchreality定位到C段。该段指出，这个世界永远不会达到这种柏拉图式的理想状态，因为这种理想只是脱离现实的一种完美影像。本题句子的perfection对应原文的Platonic。20、Whenthereisadiscrepancybetweenidealandthereality,peoplearemostlikelytobecomedepressed.标准答案：D知识点解析：根据discrepancy定位到D段。该段提到，人们理想中的世界和现实世界的差异会让他们感到郁闷。本题句子是对该段后半部分内容的概括，题目中的depressed对应原文的unhappiness。三、仔细阅读(本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。)Theworldisgoingthroughthebiggestwaveofmergersandacquisitions(收购)everwitnessed.TheprocesssweepsfromhyperactiveAmericatoEuropeandreachestheemergingcountrieswithunsurpassedmight.Manyinthesecountriesarelookingatthisprocessandworrying:"Won'tthewaveofbusinessconcentrationturnintoanuncontrollableanti-competitiveforce?"There'snoquestionthatthebigaregettingbiggerandmorepowerful.Multinationalcorporationsaccountedforlessthan20%ofinternationaltradein1982.Todaythefigureismorethan25%andgrowingrapidly.Internationalaffiliatesaccountforafast-growingsegmentofproductionineconomiesthatopenupandwelcomeforeigninvestment.InArgentina,forinstance,afterthereformsoftheearly1990s,multinationalswentfrom43%toalmost70%oftheindustrialproductionofthe200largestfirms.Thisphenomenonhascreatedseriousconcernsovertheroleofsmallereconomicfirms,ofnationalbusinessmenandovertheultimatestabilityoftheworldeconomy.IbelievethatthemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethesamethatunderlietheglobalizationprocess:fallingtransportationandcommunicationcosts,lowertradeandinvestmentbarriersandenlargedmarketsthatrequireenlargedoperationscapableofmeetingcustomers'demands.Allthesearebeneficial,notdetrimental,toconsumers.Asproductivitygrows,theworld'swealthincreases.Examplesofbenefitsorcostsofthecurrentconcentrationwavearescanty.YetitishardtoimaginethatthemergerofafewoilfirmstodaycouldrecreatethesamethreatstocompetitionthatwerefearednearlyacenturyagointheU.S.,whentheStandardOiltrustwasbrokenup.Themergersoftelecomcompanies,suchasWorldCom,hardlyseemtobringhigherpricesforconsumersorareductioninthepaceoftechnicalprogress.Onthecontrary,thepriceofcommunicationsiscomingdownfast.Incars,too,concentrationisincreasing—witnessDaimlerandChrysler,RenaultandNissan—butit.doesnotappearthatconsumersarebeinghurt.Yetthefactremainsthatthemergermovementmustbewatched.Afewweeksago,AlanGreenspanwarnedagainstthemegamergersinthebankingindustry.Whoisgoingtosupervise,regulateandoperateaslenderoflastresortwiththegiganticbanksthatarebeingcreated?Won'tmultinationalsshiftproductionfromoneplacetoanotherwhenanationgetstoostrictaboutviolationtofaircompetition?Andshouldonecountrytakeuponitselftheroleof"defendingcompetition"onissuesthataffectmanyothernations,asintheU.S.vs.Microsoftcase?21、Whatismentionedaboutthewaveofmergerandacquisition?A、ItiswarmlywelcomedbytheAmericanandEuropeancountries.B、Itturnstobeanuncontrollableanti-competitiveforce.C、Itsweepstheworldwithunprecedentedforce.D、Itisanewtrendinthebusinessworldthatneverappearedbefore.标准答案：C知识点解析：选项C是对首段开头两句的概括，为本题答案。22、TheauthorcitedthemultinationalsinArgentinainorderto______.A、arouseconcernoverthestabilityoftheworldeconomyB、criticizetheoveremphasisonthedevelopmentofmultinationalsC、beacontrasttotheinsufficientconcernaboutsmallernationalfirmsD、illustratetheincreasingimportanceofmultinationalsininternationaltrades标准答案：D知识点解析：作者在第2段前四句提出跨国公司在国际贸易中所占份额越来越大，而第5句以阿根廷跨国公司为例就是为了说明这一点，例子中列举数字的增长进一步说明了跨国公司越来越重要，选项D即表达了这一观点。23、Theforcesbehindthewaveofmergerandacquisitionwillresultin______.A、enhancedmarketsB、advantagestocustomersC、lowertradecostD、theinitiatingofglobalization标准答案：B知识点解析：第3段第2句中的allthese指的就是本段首句提到的推动合并和收购浪潮的力量，而第2句中的beneficialtoconsumers与选项B是同义替换，因此选项B为本题答案。24、TheStandardOiltrustwasbrokenupbecause______.A、theideaofmergerwasnotwelcomeacenturyagoB、itbecamesopowerfulthatitendangeredcompetitionC、itgainedonlyveryscantybenefitsfromthemarketD、theU.S.marketwasnotyetusedtocompetition标准答案：B知识点解析：第4段第2句中when事实上指出了一种隐藏的因果关系，结果是when引出的从句，而原因就是其前面主句的内容，即标准石油托拉斯被分拆是因为它对competition构成了threats，选项B是对这一意思的另一种表达，为正确答案。25、Inthelastparagraph,theauthormostprobablyagreesthat______.A、megabankingmergerswillnotappearbecauseofGreenspan’swarningB、multinationalsalwaystrytoavoidviolatingfaircompetitionC、theattitudetowardsunfaircompetitionvariesfromnationtonationD、theU.S.shouldn’thavesuedMicrosoftforunfaircompetition标准答案：C知识点解析：末段第4句中的shift…fromoneplacetoanother表明有些地区对违反公平竞争的行为的限制松紧不一，即这些地区对违反公平竞争的行为的态度不相同，因此选项C为本题答案。Itisacommonbeliefthatsharpfrostscolortheautumnleaves.Asamatteroffact,suchfrostsarefarmorelikelytoturnleavesblackordullbrownthantogivethemthegorgeoustintsweadmire.Thecoloringoftheleavesinthefallisachemicalprocessthatisfavoredbygradualcoolingratherthansuddencold.Itisnotentirelyconfinedtotheautumn.Brightredandyellowleavesareoftenfoundontheswampmapleandothertrees,eveninsummer.Throughtheseasonofgrowththeleavesserveasfoodfactoriesforthetrees.Intheirtinycellsthecarbonoftheairiscombinedwithmaterialsbroughtupbythetreefluidfromtherootstoformthestarch,sugar,andothersubstancesbywhichthewholetreeisfed.Thefood-makingprocessisperformedbysunshinewiththeaidofasubstancecalledchlorophyll.Chlorophyllisamixtureofseveralpigments,orcoloringmatters.Oneoftheseisgreen,andgivestheleavestheirordinarycolor.Anotherisyellowandisthesamesubstancethat,onaccountofitsabundanceingrowinggrass,makesbutterparticularlyyellowinthespring.Whenthecoolweathersetsinandthegrowthofvegetationslowsdown,thetreesneedlessfoodandgraduallysuspendworkintheleaffactories.Boththefoodandthechlorophyllintheleavesaredrawnintothebodyofthetreeandstoredupforuseinthespring.Thistransferinvolvesmanychemicalchanges.Oneofthemisthebreakingupofthechlorophyllintothesubstancesofwhichitiscomposed.Thegreenpigmentpassesoutoftheleavesbeforetheyellow.Thusyellowbecomesoneoftheprevailinghuesoftheautumnfoliage.Thereds,whichalsoprevailintheautumn,donotcomefromthechlorophyll,butfrompigmentscontainedinthesap.Theirappearanceindicatesanexcessofsugarintheleaves,afterthewithdrawalofothermaterials.Itissupposed,also,thatthereddeningoftheleavesprotectsthefoodmaterialsfromtheharmfuleffectsofstronglightduringtheirpassageintothetree.Thesameredcoloringisseeninthebudsofmanyplantsinthespring,whereitprobablyalsoservesaprotectivepurpose.26、Whichofthefollowingisatruestatementaboutthecoloringbfleaves?A、Suddencoldturnsleavesblackordullbrown.B、Leavesarecoloredbysuddenchangeoftemperature.C、Bright-colorleavesareseldomfoundinhotseasons.D、Redisthemaincoloroftheautumnleaves.标准答案：A知识点解析：首段提到的sharpfrosts与选项A中的Suddencold同义，选项A就是首段第2句前半部分的内容，为本题答案。27、Thenutrientsforthetreesareproducedin______.A、thetreefluidB、theleavecellsC、thetreetrunksD、thechlorophyll标准答案：B知识点解析：题干中的nutrients相当于第3段第2句中的bywhichthewholetreeisfed，该句开头的intheirtinycells表明这些营养物形成的地方。而their指的就是上句提到的leaves，由此可推断选项B为本题答案。28、Yellowprevailsintheautumnleavesmainlybecause______.A、thefood-makingprocessceaseswhenitbecomescoolB、chlorophyllbreaksupintovariouspigmentsincoolweatherC、theyellowpigmentremainsintheleaveslongerthanthegreenD、thetransferofchlorophyllinvolvescomplicatedchemicalchanges标准答案：C知识点解析：第4段末句开头的thus表明该句与前一句构成因果关系，选项C是对第4段倒数第2句的近义改写，为本题答案。29、Whichofthefollowinghasnothingtodowithchlorophyll?A、Thenutrients-producingprocessofthetrees.B、Leaveswhichturngreeninthespring.C、Grasswhichbecomesyellowinthespring.D、Youngleavesthatareredinthespring.标准答案：D知识点解析：末段首句和末句表明红色并非来自叶绿素，末句中的buds与选项D中的youngleaves同义，由此可见，选项D为正确的说法。30、Theamountofsunlightmaymostprobablyinfluence______.A、thetimingwhentheleaveschangecolorsB、thequalityofthenutrientsforthetreesC、thespeedofthefood-makingprocessD、thevarietyofpigmentsinthechlorophyll标准答案：B知识点解析：原文末段第3句暗示强烈的阳光会破坏食物的品质，由此可见，阳光对供给植物的营养物会产生影响，即选项B的说法。大学英语六级改革适用（阅读）模拟试卷第2套一、长篇阅读(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。)TheBirthofScientificEnglishA)Worldscienceisdominatedtodaybyasmallnumberoflanguages,includingJapanese,GermanandFrench,butitisEnglishwhichisprobablythemostpopulargloballanguageofscience.ThisisnotjustbecauseoftheimportanceofEnglish-speakingcountriessuchastheUSAinscientificresearch;thescientistsofmanynon-English-speakingcountriesfindthattheyneedtowritetheirresearchpapersinEnglishtoreachawideinternationalaudience.B)GiventheprominenceofscientificEnglishtoday,itmayseemsurprisingthatnoonereallyknewhowtowritescienceinEnglishbeforethe17thcentury.Beforethat,LatinwasregardedasthelinguafrancaforEuropeanintellectuals.C)TheEuropeanRenaissance(c.14th~16thcentury)issometimescalledthe"revivaloflearning",atimeofrenewedinterestinthe"lostknowledge"ofclassicaltimes.Atthesametime,however,scholarsalsobegantotestandextendthisknowledge.D)TheemergentnationstatesofEuropedevelopedcompetitiveinterestsinworldexplorationandthedevelopmentoftrade.Suchexpansion,whichwastotaketheEnglishlanguagewesttoAmericaandeasttoIndia,wassupportedbyscientificdevelopmentssuchasthediscoveryofmagnetism(andhencetheinventionofthecompass),improvementsincartographyand—perhapsthemostimportantscientificrevolutionofthemall—thenewtheoriesofastronomyandthemovementoftheEarthinrelationtotheplanetsandstars,developedbyCopernicus(1473-1543).E)EnglandwasoneofthefirstcountrieswherescientistsadoptedandpublicizedCopernicanideaswithenthusiasm.Someofthesescholars,includingtwowithinterestsinlanguage—JohnWall'sandJohnWilkins—helpedFoundtheRoyalSocietyin1660inordertopromoteempiricalscientificresearch.F)AcrossEuropesimilaracademiesandsocietiesarose,creatingnewnationaltraditionsofscience.Intheinitialstagesofthescientificrevolution,mostpublicationsinthenationallanguageswerepopularworks,encyclopaedias,educationaltextbooksandtranslations.G)OriginalsciencewasnotdoneinEnglishuntilthesecondhalfofthe17thcentury.Forexample,Newtonpublishedhismathematicaltreatise,knownasthePrincipia,inLatin,butpublishedhislaterworkonthepropertiesoflight—Opticks—inEnglish.H)TherewereseveralreasonswhyoriginalsciencecontinuedtobewritteninLatin.Thefirstwassimplyamatterofaudience.Latinwassuitableforaninternationalaudienceofscholars,whereasEnglishreachedasociallywider,butmorelocal,audience.Hence,popularsciencewaswritteninEnglish.I)AsecondreasonforwritinginLatinmay,perversely,havebeenaconcernforsecrecy.Openpublicationhaddangersinputtingintothepublicdomainpreliminaryideaswhichhadnotyetbeenfullyexploitedbytheir"author".Thisgrowingconcernaboutintellectualproperlyrightswasafeatureoftheperiod—itreflectedboththehumanistnotionoftheindividual,rationalscientistwhoinventsanddiscoversthroughprivateintellectuallabour,andthegrowingconnectionbetweenoriginalscienceandcommercialexploitation.J)Therewassomethingofasocialdistinctionbetween"scholarsandgentlemen"whounderstoodLatin,andmenoftradewholackedaclassicaleducation.Andinthemid-17thcenturyitwascommonpracticeformathematicianstokeeptheirdiscoveriesandproofssecret,bywritingthemincipher,inobscurelanguages,orinprivatemessagesdepositedinasealedboxwiththeRoyalSociety.SomescientistsmighthavefeltmorecomfortablewithLatinpreciselybecauseitsaudience,thoughinternational,wassociallyrestricted.DoctorsclungthemostkeenlytoLatinasan"insiderlanguage".K)AthirdreasonwhythewritingoforiginalscienceinEnglishwasdelayedmayhavebeentodowiththelinguisticinadequacyofEnglishintheearlymodernperiod.Englishwasnotwellequippedtodealwithscientificargument.First,itlackedthenecessarytechnicalvocabulary.Second,itlackedthegrammaticalresourcesrequiredtorepresenttheworldinanobjectiveandimpersonalway,andtodiscusstherelations,suchascauseandeffect,thatmightholdbetweencomplexandhypotheticalentities.L)Fortunately,severalmembersoftheRoyalSocietypossessedaninterestinlanguageandbecameengagedinvariouslinguisticprojects.Althoughaproposalin1664toestablishacommitteeforimprovingtheEnglishlanguagecametolittle,thesociety'smembersdidagreatdealtofosterthepublicationofscienceinEnglishandtoencouragethedevelopmentofasuitablewritingstyle.M)ManymembersoftheRoyalSocietyalsopublishedmonographsinEnglish.OneofthefirstwasbyRobertHooke,thesociety'sfirstcuratorofexperiments,whodescribedhisexperimentswithmicroscopesinMicrographia(1665).Thisworkislargelynarrativeinstyle,basedonatranscriptoforaldemonstrationsandlectures.N)In1665anewscientificjournal,PhilosophicalTransactions,wasinaugurated.PerhapsthefirstinternationalEnglish-languagescientificjournal,itencouragedanewgenreofscientificwriting,thatofshort,focusedaccountsofparticularexperiments.O)The17thcenturywasthusaformativeperiodintheestablishmentofscientificEnglish.InthefollowingcenturymuchofthismomentumwaslostasGermanestablisheditselfastheleadingEuropeanlanguageofscience.Itisestimatedthatbytheendofthe18thcentury401Germanscientificjournalshadbeenestablishedasopposedto96inFranceand50inEngland.However,inthe19thcenturyscientificEnglishagainenjoyedsubstantiallexicalgrowthastheindustrialrevolutioncreatedtheneedfornewtechnicalvocabulary,andnew,specialised,professionalsocietieswereinstitutedtopromoteandpublishinthenewdisciplines.1、InseventeenthcenturyBritain,thoseprofoundthinkerscombinedtheirinterestsinsciencewithanenthusiasminhowtoexpressideas.标准答案：E知识点解析：题干意为，在17世纪的英国，那些先进的思想家将他们对科学的兴趣与对如何表达想法的热情结合在一起。定位于原文E段，“1660”对应“seventeenthcentury”“interestsinlanguage”对应“anenthusiasminhowtoexpressideas”。故选E。2、TheworldwidescientistshavetowritetheiressaysinEnglishiftheywanttoattractaudiencefromdifferentcountries.标准答案：A知识点解析：定位于A段第二句，“ThisisnotjustbecauseoftheimportanceofEnglish—speaking…theyneedtowritetheirresearchpapersinEnglishtoreachawideinternationalaudience．”不仅因为像美国这样的英语国家在科学研究中的重要作用，而且因为许多非英语国家的科学家为了拥有更多的国际读者，他们需要用英语写论文。即题干大意，如果想要吸引来自不同国家的读者，全世界的科学家需要用英语写论文。故选A。3、ScientificEnglishdevelopedagaininthe19thcenturyasadirectresultoftheindustrialrevolution.标准答案：O知识点解析：根据“19世纪”这一关键词，定位于原文O段。“However，inthe19thcenturyscientificEnglishagainenjoyedsubstantiallexicalgrowthastheindustrialrevolution…”意为，但是在19世纪，因为工业革命的兴起，科技英语在词汇量上再次大幅增长。题干中“asadirectresultofindustrialrevolution”是原文“astheindustrialrevolution”的同义替换，词汇量上增长即科技英语发展之意。所以，正确答案是O。4、TheanotherreasonforwritinginLatininsteadofinEnglishistokeepdiscoveriessecret.标准答案：I知识点解析：题干意为，用拉丁文而不用英语写