Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructures语法学案学生版

44320242025学年高二选择性必修第一册英语Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructures整体掌握语法学案人教版英语24字整体教学教师版目录目录动词­ing形式作宾语和表语思维导图整体掌握语法精讲规律探析基础巩固透析语法能力提升突破考点

动词­ing形式作宾语和表语思维导图整体掌握eq\x(动词­ing形式)eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(作宾语\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(动词宾语,介词宾语)),作表语,作宾补))语法精讲规律探析语法规则v.ing作宾语的用法1．牢记下列用v.ing形式作宾语的动词：admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,imagine,mind,practise,risk,suggest,miss,finish,keep等。Thestudentadmittedbeingcarelessindoinghomework.这个学生承认做家庭作业粗心。Sheimaginedwalkingintotheofficeandtellingeveryonewhatshethoughtofthem.她想象自己走进办公室，对每个人说出自己对他们的看法。Heescapedbeingkilledintheblastbecausehehadnotgonetowork.他因没有去上班而避免了在那次爆炸中丧生。2．只能接v.ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：can'thelp,insiston,endup,feellike,succeedin,prevent/stop/keep...from,devote...to,lookforwardto,payattentionto,beaccustomedto,beusedto,getdownto,stickto,leadto,objectto等。Theyinsistedonvisitingthatplantnextweek.他们坚持下个星期参观那家工厂。Ididn'tsucceedinmakingmyselfunderstoodbyhim.我没能让他理解我。Ihavebeenlookingforwardtoseeingyou.我一直盼望见到你。3．在allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit＋名词/代词＋不定式(宾语补足语)”形式。Ourteacherdoesnotallowcheatingtogounpunished.我们的老师不允许作弊行为不受到惩罚。Hedidnotallowhimselftobetooupsetbythenews.他没有因听到这个消息而使自己过于烦恼。Theydon'tpermitscratchingpaintoffthewall.他们不许刮掉墙上的油漆。Hermotherdoesn'tpermithertostayawayatnight.她母亲不允许她在外过夜。4．动词need,require,want意为“需要”时，后跟动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式作宾语，意义没有区别。Theproblemrequiresdealingwith/tobedealtwithimmediately.这个问题要马上处理。Thebuildingneedsrewiring/toberewired.这座楼房需要重新安装电线。5．有些动词和动词短语后跟动词不定式和动名词作宾语皆可，但含义不同。常见的有：动词宾语的形式意义forgettodo忘记做……doing忘记做过……remembertodo记着要去做……doing记得做过……regrettodo遗憾/抱歉要做……doing后悔做了……trytodo尽力做……doing尝试做……meantodo打算做……doing意味着……stoptodo停下来去做(另外一件事)doing停止做(某一件事)goontodo接着做(另外一件事)doing接着做(同一件事)I'vealwaysregrettedmakingfriendswithhim.我一直后悔和他交了朋友。IregrettosaythatIcan'tattendyourparty.很抱歉，我不能参加你们的晚会。Itriedsendingherflowersbutitdidn'thaveanyeffect.我尝试送花给她，但是没有什么效果。Wemusttrytogeteverythingdoneintime.我们必须设法及时把一切做好。[学以致用1]单句语法填空①Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoid________(eat)withheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions.②Tohelpuspreparefortheexam,theteachersuggested________(read)throughournotes.③Wearealllookingforwardto________(visit)themuseumsoon.④Hedoesn'treallymean________(work)here,whichmeans________(leave)thejobsoonafterwards.⑤Thedeerwasluckyanditjustmissed________(catch)bythehunter.动词ing形式作表语1．v.ing形式作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为，用来说明主语的内容，与主语通常是同一概念，表语和主语通常可以交换位置。Herjobiskeepingthelecturehallascleanaspossible.＝Keepingthelecturehallascleanaspossibleisherjob.她的工作是尽可能地使报告厅保持干净。2．v.ing形式作表语，可以表示主语的某种性质或特征，这类词可以看作形容词。Theargumentisveryconvincing.这个论点很令人信服。ThenewsthatyouwilletoChinathissummervacationisexciting.这个暑假你要来中国的消息是令人兴奋的。[学以致用2]单句语法填空①Hehadaterrificsenseofhumourandcouldbevery________(amuse)．②Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkis________(learn)howtoconnectwithothers,notjustmunicatewiththem.③Myhobbyis________(sit)onthebeach，staringatthebluesky.④Yourspeechisveryinterestingand________(encourage)．动词­ing形式作宾语补足语动名词与现在分词都可以作宾语补足语。1．动名词作宾语补足语。IcallthisrobbingPetertopayPaul.我把这叫作拆东墙补西墙。2．现在分词作宾语补足语。(1)在see，hear，feel，watch，notice等感官动词后和catch,find，have，keep，leave等动词之后可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。这时现在分词和句子宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示正在进行的动作。Icouldfeelthewindblowingonmyface.我能感到风迎面吹来。Whentheteachercaughttheboystudentcheatingintheexam,hemadehimgoout.发现这个男学生正在作弊，老师让他出去了。Hekeptthemworkingallday.他让他们整天干活。(2)以上结构中有很多可变为被动形式。变化后，现在分词就变成了主语的补语。Hewasfoundlyingontheground.有人发现他躺在地上。Thepaperswereleftlyingaround.文件散落了一地。[学以致用3]单句语法填空Ifeelsomeone______________(pat)myshoulder.Iwon'thaveyou_____________(stand)long.Whatyouhavesaidleftme_____________(think)thatyouexperiencedmuchwhenyouwereyoung.Icaughtsightofayoungman_____________(run)outofthebankwhenIgotoffthebus.基础巩固透析语法Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Poemswhichhadseemeddulland_______________(bore)suddenlycametolife.2．Thebirdnarrowlyescaped_______________(shoot)bythehunter.3．Shelookedsmallandgentleandaltogether_______________(charm).4．Doyoufeellike_______________(have)awalkwithmeaftersupper?5．Myfathersuggested_______________(read)morebooksinmysparetime.6．Toavoid_______________(see)bytheteacher,Tonystoleintotheclassroombythebackdoor.7．Haveyouconsidered_______________(build)ahouseinthecountryside?8．Someofthechildrenareshyandtheyhavesomedifficultyin_______________(make)friends.9．Weregret_______________(inform)youthatyouwillhavetogiveupthischance.10．Weagreed_______________(meet)here，butsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.Ⅱ.完成句子1．目前形势令人惊恐。Thepresentsituation_______________．2．这个问题正在会上讨论。Thisquestion_______________atthemeeting.3．当这个人看完信后，他看着他的朋友。Afterthemanfinished_______________helookedathisfriend.4．李明一直梦想着将来可以开始他自己的生意。LiMinghasalwaysbeendreamingof_______________inthefuture.5．尽管我是一个残疾人，但我在生活中总是喜欢帮助别人。WhileI'madisabledman,Ialwaysenjoy_______________inmydailylife.能力提升突破考点语法填空1．Shedoesn’tlike(label)asanincapablewoman.(所给词的适当形式填空)2．Thisincludeskeepingtheoriginalenvironmentfrom(touch).(所给词的适当形式填空)3．Mykidspendshours(chat)onthephonewithherfriendseveryday.（所给词的适当形式填空）4．Ihaveneverimaginedthere(be)suchagoodhotelinthistown.(所给词的适当形式填空)5．Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoy(play)gamesofhideandseek.(所给词的适当形式填空)6．Thebestapproachto(build)upyourbodyistodoexerciseeveryday.(所给词的适当形式填空)7．Asaman,youshouldhavethecouragetoadmit(make)mistakes.(所给词的适当形式填空)8．Youcan’tavoid

(make)mistakesinlanguagelearning.（所给词的适当形式填空）9．Everyworkerlooksforwardto(have)agoodbosswhoiskindtothem.(所给词的适当形式填空)10．Withthelocalsexplainingthecustomsindetail,wehadnodifficulty(figure)outthehiddenspiritofthefestival.（所给词的适当形式填空）11．Herjobis(keep)thewholebuildingclean.(所给词的适当形式填空)12．Theonlythingthatinterestshimis(dance).（所给词的适当形式填空）13．Myhobbyis(collect)stampsfromdifferentcountries.(所给词的适当形式填空)14．Thecrucialthingis(use)bodylanguageinawaythatisappropriatetothecultureyouarein.(所给词的适当形式填空)15．OneofthetraditionsoftheSpringFestivalis(make)dumplings.(所给词的适当形式填空)16．Byparison，hisworsthabitis(smoke)whilehavingdinner.(所给词的适当形式填空)17．Dr.SusansuggestedTom(take)hisdaughtertothezooeverySunday.(所给词的适当形式填空)18．Wegreatlyappreciateyour(give)usahandwhenwe’refacedwithtroubles.(所给词的适当形式填空)19．MissLinsuggestedus(adopt)amoreimaginativeapproachtoessaywriting.（所给词的适当形式填空）20．Thetipsgiveninthisbookareusefuland.(motivate)（所给词的适当形式填空）完成句子1．我上学期间一直讨厌别人取笑我的红头发。IusedtohateaboutmyredhairwhenIwasatschool.2．Icantoleratethehouse,butIhateitifit’snotclean.我可以容忍房间里不整齐，但是我讨厌房间里脏乱不堪。3．Mydaughterhaschangedalotthesedays;thatistosay,thefilmwas(worth).我女儿这些天变了很多，也就是说，这部电影很值得一看。4．ThankstotheSilenceMachine,aBritishinvention,youcangetridofthesound.多亏了英国人发明的“静音机”，你可以在不惹恼男孩或他的父母的情况下摆脱声音。5．她忙着浇花，没有注意到发生的一切。(employ)theflowers,shedidn’tnoticewhatwashappening.6．Iwasreallygratefultomycolleaguesfor(帮助我度过难关)difficulties.(根据汉语提示完成句子)7．仁慈是向那些无法回报你的人伸出援手。Mercyiswhohavenothingtogivebacktoyou.8．Themaintaskforstudentsatschoolisteachers.学生在学校的主要任务是向老师学习知识。9．Idon’tthinkherjokeis我认为她的笑话无趣。10．Thedevelopmentofouraviationindustryis我们的航空工业的发展是非常令人鼓舞的。翻译1．职业生涯成功的秘诀在于找到你所热爱的。(汉译英)