专题41 阅读理解之主旨大意题（练案）解析版 - 副本

1/40高考一轮复习知识清单专题41阅读理解之主旨大意题（练案）解析版（高考考情+思维导图+真题演练+名校模拟）目录一、阅读理解主旨大意题高考考情P1二、阅读理解主旨大意题思维导图P2三、阅读理解主旨大意题真题演练2篇P3四、阅读理解主旨大意题名校模拟16篇P6【名校模拟一：段落大意题】P6【名校模拟二：文章大意题】P12【名校模拟三：记叙文标题概括题】P18【名校模拟四：说明文标题概括题】P25【名校模拟五：议论文标题概括题】P32【名校模拟四：新闻报道标题概括题】P36一、阅读理解主旨大意题高考考情2022-2024高考阅读理解考点统计卷别细节理解题主旨大意题主旨大意题主旨大意题2024新课标I卷91412024新课标II卷91412023新课标I卷61712023新课标II卷61712022新课标I卷82412022新课标II卷82412024全国甲卷71612023全国甲卷81512023全国乙卷51812022全国甲卷81332022全国乙卷10131二、阅读理解主旨大意题思维导图三、阅读理解主旨大意题真题演练【真题演练01】【2023浙江首考】AccordingtotheSolarEnergyIndustryAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanelsinstalled(安装)hasgrownrapidlyinthepastdecade,andithastogrowevenfastertomeetclimategoals.Butallofthatgrowthwilltakeupalotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolarenergy,fewlikelargesolarpanelstobeinstallednearthem.Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhaven’tgivenmuchthoughttowhattheyputunderthem.Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,”saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSitePreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project.“Theyneedtobeprotectorsofthelandandcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.”InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“low-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneoftheeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators(传粉昆虫).Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsoverthepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinator-friendlinessguidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,cities—andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction.“Thesepollinator-friendlysolarfarmscanhaveavaluableimpactoneverythingthat’sgoingoninthelandscape,”saysMacknick.32.Whatdosolardevelopersoftenignore?A.Thedeclineinthedemandforsolarenergy.B.Thenegativeimpactofinstallingsolarpanels.C.Therisinglaborcostofbuildingsolarfarms.D.Themostrecentadvancesinsolartechnology.33.WhatdoesInSPIREaimtodo?A.Improvetheproductivityoflocalfarms.B.Inventnewmethodsforcontrollingweeds.C.Makesolarprojectsenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Promotetheuseofsolarenergyinruralareas.34.Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraph4?A.Toconservepollinators. B.Torestrictsolardevelopment.C.Todiversifytheeconomy. D.Toensurethesupplyofenergy.35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Pollinators:ToLeaveortoStay B.SolarEnergy:HopefortheFutureC.InSPIRE:ALeaderinAgriculture D.SolarFarms:ANewDevelopment【答案】32.B33.C34.A35.D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。32.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.(通常，他们最终会用小石头填满该地区，并使用化学物质来控制杂草。结果是，许多社区，特别是在农业地区，将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。)”可知，太阳能开发者采用不环保的方式处理太阳能板安装后产生的问题，导致人们把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者，由此可以推断，开发者在安装太阳能板后忽略了其带来的负面影响。故选B项。33.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“low-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)”可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选C项。34.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。35.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。【真题演练02】（2022新高考I卷D篇）Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon“m”and“a”totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure(结构),makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn’thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn’tgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.”Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi’sresearchfocuson?A.Itsvariety. B.Itsdistribution. C.Itsquantity. D.Itsdevelopment.33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication. B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem. D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.【答案】32.D33.C34.A35.C【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。32.D。细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and"v",weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.（30多年前，学者CharlesHockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的DamianBlasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因。）”可知DamianBlasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D。33.C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned，makingithardtoproducelabiodentals，whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C。34.A。主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthesoNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.（对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A。35.C。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.（研究小组成员StevenMoran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”可知，StevenMoran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C。四、阅读理解主旨大意题名校模拟【名校模拟一：段落大意题】（2024·四川乐山·三模）Anotheryearofrecordfossilfuelburningleadingtorecordhighglobaltemperatures.Timeisrunningouttosolvetheclimatecrisis,andgreatdisasterscomenearus.You’reprobablyusedtosuchheadlines,andyoumayhavemomentsofhopelessnessaboutthefuture.Butcanyouturnsuchgloom(灰暗)messagingofclimatecrisisintomeaningfulchange?Ourrecentglobalstudysaysyes—butthemessagesmustbeusedwisely.In2019,inhisbook,DavidWallace-Wellspaintedaterrifyinglandscapeofthesufferingawaitingusifwedon’taddressclimatechange,leavingmanyfeelingconsumedbyfearandhelplessness.Noteveryoneisafanofhisgloommessaging.ClimatescientistslikeMichaelMannhavewarnedagainstit,messagingthatitcandepressanddiscouragethepublic,andleadtofurtherclimateinaction.AndthetitleofanewbookbyHannahRitchiestatesclearlythatit’sNottheEndoftheWorld:HowWeCanBetheFirstGenerationtoBuildaSustainablePlanet.Tohelpfigureoutthepreciseimpactofclimategloommessaging,werecentlycompletedalargeexperiment.Ourfindingsrevealedthatgloommessagingwashighlyeffectiveforstimulatingclimatechangeinformationsharing,likepostingontheInternetorsocialmedia.Wallace-Wellswasrightinthisaspect.ButMannandRitchiewerealsoright.Hearingthesemessagesactuallydecreasedpeople’spositivebehaviorsagainstenvironmentalpollution—whenfacedwiththeenormousmessagesoftheclimatecrisis,individual-levelactionsmightseemfutile(徒劳的).Sogloommessagingcandoboththings:causehelplessness,discouragingindividual-levelaction;butalsomotivatepeopletospreadtheword.Ourresearchalsofoundseveralothermessagesthatmovedtheneedleonclimatechangebeliefsandactions.Thissuggeststhatunderstandinghowdifferentmessageswork,andinwhatcontexts,willbecriticaltochangingbeliefs,spreadingtheword,andmotivatingaction.1．Whatmessagedoesgloommessagingintendtodeliver?A．Theunstoppabletendencytodisasters.B．Disastrouseffectsofburningfossilfuels.C．Theurgencytodealwithclimatecrisis.D．Confidenceinenvironmentalprotection.2．WhydosomeclimatescientistsdisagreewithWallace-Wells’view?A．Becausetheydon’tbelievethereissevereclimatecrisis.B．Becausetheyfearitwillleadtomoreenvironmentalpollution.C．Becausetheyplantobuildanewworldinanotherplanet.D．Becausetheyworryitmakespeoplegiveupclimateactions.3．Howdoesgloommessagingaffectthepublicaccordingtoparagraph3?A．Itencouragespeopletofightagainstclimatechange.B．Itincreasespeople’sawarenessofclimatecrisis.C．Ithasnoimpactonclimatechangebehaviors.D．Itmisleadspeopleintospreadingwrongnews.4．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thelackofsolutionforinspiringclimateactions.B．Gloommessages’influencesonclimatebehaviors.C．Theimportanceofstudyingdifferentmessages’effects.D．Rightattitudestoclimatechangebeliefsandbehaviors.【答案】1．C2．D3．B4．C【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们常常在媒体看到关于气候的悲观信息，一定要研究这些信息的影响，建议明智地使用这些信息，把这些信息转变为有益的信息。1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Timeisrunningouttosolvetheclimatecrisis,andgreatdisasterscomenearus.(解决气候危机的时间所剩无几，大灾难近在眼前)”可知，这条令人郁闷的信息本是想告知大家解决气候问题的迫切性。故选C项。2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In2019,inhisbook,DavidWallace-Wellspaintedaterrifyinglandscapeofthesufferingawaitingusifwedon’taddressclimatechange,leavingmanyfeelingconsumedbyfearandhelplessness….ClimatescientistslikeMichaelMannhavewarnedagainstit,messagingthatitcandepressanddiscouragethepublic,andleadtofurtherclimateinaction.(2019年，大卫•华莱士-威尔斯(DavidWallace-Wells)在他的书中描绘了一幅可怕的景象，如果我们不解决气候变化问题，我们将面临可怕的苦难，让许多人感到恐惧和无助。…迈克尔•曼等气候科学家对此提出了警告，称这可能会让公众感到沮丧和气馁，并导致进一步的气候不作为)”可知，这些科学家担心，人们感到绝望而放弃努力，不去积极应对气候问题。故选D项。3．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Ourfindingsrevealedthatgloommessagingwashighlyeffectiveforstimulatingclimatechangeinformationsharing,likepostingontheInternetorsocialmedia.(我们的研究结果表明，悲观的信息传递对于刺激气候变化信息共享非常有效，比如在互联网或社交媒体上发帖)”可知，这条悲观信息提升了人们对于气候问题的危机意识。故选B项。4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Ourresearchalsofoundseveralothermessagesthatmovedtheneedleonclimatechangebeliefsandactions.Thissuggeststhatunderstandinghowdifferentmessageswork,andinwhatcontexts,willbecriticaltochangingbeliefs,spreadingtheword,andmotivatingaction.(我们的研究还发现了其他一些影响气候变化信念和行动的信息。这表明，理解不同的信息是如何起作用的，以及在什么情况下起作用，对于改变信念、传播信息和激励行动是至关重要的)”可知，本段表示正确研究理解不同信息的影响是很重要的。故选C项。（2024·安徽合肥·模拟预测）“Theantandthezebra”soundslikethetitleofoneofAesop’sfables(寓言).Likeallgood.fables,thisonehasamoral,whichisthathumaninterventioninnaturehasunpredictableconsequences.UnliketheGreekoriginals,though,thisfableisreal.ThestoryplaysoutinLaikipiacounty,Kenya,wherethebig-headedants,aninvasive(入侵的)specieshavegraduallybeenreplacingthenativeacaciaants.AsMrKamaru,aKenyanbiologistfromtheUniversityofWyoming,andhiscolleaguesreportinScience,theantinvasionhastriggeredacomplicatedchainofconsequenceswhichhashelpedzebrasattheexpenseofbuffaloes,thusneatlyillustratingaphenomenoncalledtrophiccascade(营养级链).Itworkslikethis.Akindoftree—whistling-thorntrees—providestheantswithshelterandfood.Theants,meanwhile,protectthetreesbyseeingoffthechiefthreattothem,thelocalelephants,whicharenotkeentoeattrees,crawlingwithbitinginsects.However,big-headedantsarenotsogoodatkeepingtheelephantsatbay(陷入困境).Theelephantsmoveinandchewthetrees,removingmuchofthearea’scover.Thatthrowsthelocallionsintoconfusion,whichoftenusethiscovertohidewhenhuntingzebras.Tocompensate(补偿),thelionsswitchtohuntingbuffaloes,whicharemoredangerous,butrunslower.MrKamaruhasputnumberstotheprocesstoo.Ininvadedareas,elephantsbreaktreesfivetoseventimesasoftenasinuninvadedones.Andinthoseuninvadedplaces,zebrakillsarealmostthreetimesasfrequentasthoseintheinvadedones.Indeed,between2003and2020,asthebig-headedantsspread,theproportion(比例)oflocallionkillswherethevictimwasazebrafellfrom67%to42%.Onthecontrary,overthesameperiod,theproportionofbuffalokillsrosefromzeroto42%.Whetherthebuffaloesblametheantsfortheirmisfortune,nooneknows.5．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Howhumanactivitiesimpactnature.B．Whatthephenomenonoftrophiccascadeis.C．Howthebig-headedantsinvadeacountyinKenya.D．Whythestoryaboutdifferentspeciesissignificant.6．Whoaretherealvictimsinthechain?A．Lions. B．Buffaloes. C．Elephants. D．Zebras.7．WhydoesMrKamaruputnumbersinhisreport?A．Toshowtheresults. B．Toexplainthereasons.C．Toanalyzetheprocess. D．Togivesomeexamples.8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TheMisfortuneofAnimals B．TheSecretsofNatureC．HowZebrasandAntsBecomeFriends D．HowAntsPersuadedLionstoEatBuffaloes【答案】5．B6．B7．A8．D【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了因外来蚂蚁入侵而引发生态系统的一系列连锁反应。5．主旨大意题。根据第二段“ThestoryplaysoutinLaikipiacounty,Kenya,wherethebig-headedants,aninvasive(入侵的)specieshavegraduallybeenreplacingthenativeacaciaants.AsMrKamaru,aKenyanbiologistfromtheUniversityofWyoming,andhiscolleaguesreportinScience,theantinvasionhastriggeredacomplicatedchainofconsequenceswhichhashelpedzebrasattheexpenseofbuffaloes,thusneatlyillustratingaphenomenoncalledtrophiccascade(营养级链).(故事发生在肯尼亚的莱基皮亚县，那里的入侵物种大头蚁已经逐渐取代了本地的金合欢蚁。来自怀俄明大学的肯尼亚生物学家Kamaru先生和他的同事们在《科学》杂志上报告说，入侵引发了一系列复杂的后果，以牺牲水牛为代价帮助了斑马，从而巧妙地说明了一种被称为营养级联的现象)”可知，第二段的主要内容是什么是营养级链现象。故选B。6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Tocompensate(补偿),thelionsswitchtohuntingbuffaloes,whicharemoredangerous,butrunslower.(为了补偿，狮子转而猎杀水牛，水牛更危险，但跑得更慢)”可知，级链中真正的受害者是水牛。故选B。7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“MrKamaruhasputnumberstotheprocesstoo.Ininvadedareas,elephantsbreaktreesfivetoseventimesasoftenasinuninvadedones.Andinthoseuninvadedplaces,zebrakillsarealmostthreetimesasfrequentasthoseintheinvadedones.Indeed,between2003and2020,asthebig-headedantsspread,theproportion(比例)oflocallionkillswherethevictimwasazebrafellfrom67%to42%.Onthecontrary,overthesameperiod,theproportionofbuffalokillsrosefromzeroto42%.(卡马鲁也对这一进程进行了量化。在被入侵的地区，大象破坏树木的频率是未被入侵地区的5到7倍。在那些未被入侵的地方，斑马的杀戮频率几乎是入侵地区的三倍。事实上，在2003年至2020年间，随着大头蚁的蔓延，以斑马为受害者的当地狮子捕杀比例从67%下降到42%。相反，在同一时期，野牛被杀的比例从零上升到42%)”可知，卡马鲁先生在他的报告中加入了数字是为了展示结果。故选A。8．主旨大意题。根据最后一段最后一句“Whetherthebuffaloesblametheantsfortheirmisfortune,nooneknows.(没有人知道水牛是否把它们的不幸归咎于蚂蚁)”并分析全文所描述的自然现象主要脉络：入侵蚂蚁取代当地蚂蚁，使得与当地蚂蚁共生的哨刺树失去保护，大象趁虚而入啃食哨刺树，而因失去哨刺树的掩护捕猎斑马变得不易，狮子最终转而捕猎速度更慢不费脚程的水牛，可知是因为外来蚂蚁的入侵最终促使狮子捕猎水牛。因此D项“蚂蚁是如何说服狮子吃水牛的”合适。因为文章是把此故事类比寓言故事的，因此使用persuade这样的拟人手法是符合的。故选D。（2024·黑龙江·三模）Americancompanieshavelearnedtoloverenewableresources.Now,theyarebeginningtogetinvolvedinnext-generationclimatesolutions.Anadvancedgeothermal(地热的)projectsupportedbyGooglebegangeneratingelectricitylastweek,abigstepinseekingfortechnologythatcanaffordablyfillgapsinwindandsolargenerationwithcarbon-freepower.ThepilotprojectinnorthernNevadausesdrillingandfracking(水力压裂法)techniquesemployedbytheoilandgasindustrytogetheatfromEarthtogeneratepower.GeothermaltechnologyhaslongbeenviewedasapotentialwaytotapthenaturalheatofEarthtomakecarbon-freepower.Butithastraditionallybeenlimitedtolocationswheretherearenaturalundergroundlakesofhotwater,whicharehardtoaccess.In2021,geothermalenergyaccountedforlessthanhalfapercentofAmerica'spowergeneration.FervoEnergy,aHouston-basedstartupgivesananswer-tousedrillingandfrackingtechniquesInNevada,thecompanydrilledtwowellstoadepthofabout8,000feetandthenextendedthemhorizontally(水平地)formorethan3,000feet.ThenFervoinjected(注入)coldwaterunderhighpressuretocausetherockbetweenthewellstobefracked,creatingfractures(裂缝).Wateristhenpumpedintothefirstwell,absorbingheatasitflowsthroughthefracturesandreturningtothesurfaceviathesecondwellattemperatureshighenoughtomakesteamandspinanengine.Theprojectrepresentsaconvergenceoftwocompanies’climateambitions.Fervohadsoughttoapplyadvancesinoilandgasdrillingtogeothermaltechnology.Butfindingfinancingtoprovethatthecompany'stechnologyworkedwasachallenge.LuckilyforFervo,Googlehadjuststartedreconsideringit;approachtocleanenergyaroundthetimewhenFervowaslookingtotestitstechnology.“Thedemandforclean,firmpowerissourgent,especiallynow,”saidGabrielMalek,chiefofstaffatFervo.“Andwe'rerecognizingthatthegeothermalprojectisoneworkableoptionavailabletous.Itispromising,actually.9．Whatistheproblemwithgeothermalenergy?A．Itisinlittledemand. B．ItstillproducesCO2.C．Itisnoteasytoemploy. D．ItisrarelyseenonEarth10．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Howdrillingandfrackingtechniquescome.B．HownaturalheatonEarthcomesintobeing.C．Fervo'ssolutiontopollutioncausedbyenergy.D．Fervo'sapproachtoharvestinggeothermalenergy.11．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“convergence”inparagraph6?A．Source. B．Barrier. C．Combination. D．Shift.12．WhatdoGabrielMalek'swordssuggest?A．Hiscompanyhasself-fundedtheproject.B．Heishopefulaboutthegeothermalproject.C．Hepromisestoprovidecleanpowerforfree.D．Hiscompanycooperateswithmanybusinesses.【答案】9．C10．D11．C12．B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了谷歌支持的一个先进地热项目上周开始发电，这是在寻找技术方面迈出的一大步，该技术可以用无碳能源填补风能和太阳能发电的空白。9．推理判断题。根据第三段“GeothermaltechnologyhaslongbeenviewedasapotentialwaytotapthenaturalheatofEarthtomakecarbon-freepower.

Butithastraditionallybeenlimitedtolocationswheretherearenaturalundergroundlakesofhotwater,whicharehardtoaccess.In2021,geothermalenergyaccountedforlessthanhalfapercentofAmerica'spowergeneration.”（长期以来，地热技术一直被视为利用地球自然热能制造无碳电力的潜在途径。但传统上，它仅限于那些有天然地下热水湖的地方，这些地下热水湖很难进入。2021年，地热能占美国发电量的比例不到0.5%。）可知，地热能的问题是很难使用。故选C项。10．主旨大意题。根据第五段“InNevada,thecompanydrilledtwowellstoadepthofabout8,000feetandthenextendedthemhorizontally(水平地)formorethan3,000feet.ThenFervoinjected(注入)coldwaterunderhighpressuretocausetherockbetweenthewellstobefracked,creatingfractures(裂缝).Wateristhenpumpedintothefirstwell,absorbingheatasitflowsthroughthefracturesandreturningtothesurfaceviathesecondwellattemperatureshighenoughtomakesteamandspinanengine.”（在内华达州，该公司钻了两口井，深度约为8000英尺，然后将其水平延伸至3000多英尺。然后，Fervo在高压下注入冷水，使井间的岩石破裂，形成裂缝。然后，水被泵入第一口井，在流经裂缝时吸收热量，并在足够高的温度下通过第二口井返回地面，产生蒸汽并旋转发动机。）可知，第五段主要讲的是Fervo收集地热能的方法。故选D项。11．词句猜测题。根据第六段中“Fervohadsoughttoapplyadvancesinoilandgasdrillingtogeothermaltechnology.Butfindingfinancingtoprovethatthecompany'stechnologyworkedwasachallenge.LuckilyforFervo,Googlehadjuststartedreconsideringit;approachtocleanenergyaroundthetimewhenFervowaslookingtotestitstechnology.”（Fervo曾试图将石油和天然气钻探方面的进展应用于地热技术。但寻找资金来证明该公司的技术是可行的，这是一个挑战。对Fervo来说幸运的是，谷歌刚刚开始重新考虑；在Fervo想要测试自己的技术的时候，他们就开始尝试清洁能源。）可知，提到Fervo和谷歌这两家公司的技术上的互动和结合，由此可知，此处表示该项目体现了两家公司在气候方面雄心的融合。故可猜测划线单词convergence为“融合，结合”的意思，和C项Combination“联合，组合”意思一致。故选C项。12．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Thedemandforclean,firmpowerissourgent,especiallynow,”saidGabrielMalek,chiefofstaffatFervo.“Andwe'rerecognizingthatthegeothermalprojectisoneworkableoptionavailabletous.Itispromising,actually.”（“对清洁、稳定的电力的需求非常迫切，尤其是现在，”Fervo的参谋长加布里埃尔·马雷克说。“我们认识到地热项目对我们来说是一个可行的选择。实际上，它很有前途。）可推知，加布里埃尔·马雷克的话暗示了他对地热项目充满希望。故选B项。【名校模拟二：文章大意题】（2024·湖北武汉·模拟预测）Whenheflaggedmedown,Ithoughthewasaneldercollectinga“customsfee”,thefewdollarsitcoststousevillageroadsthatleadtomanyofSamoa’ssights.He’dbeensittinglazilyinagreyingroadsideshack(棚子)builtforsuchoccasions.NormallyIwouldn’tpickupafreerider.ButItriedtoliveoutadream.I’dwantedtogotoPulemeleiMoundsinceI’dhearditmentionedinanarchaeologyclassyearsago.The“mound”isactuallyapyramid40feethighandroughly200feetacrossatitsbase.So,Iasked,“DoyouknowhowtogettoPulemeleiMound?”“Mmm,”hesaid,raisinghiseyebrowsintheclassicPolynesiangesturefor“yes”.“Ineedtopickupmycaratthemechanicbutnohurry,I’lltakeyoutherefirstifyouwant.”You’dthinkthatagiantpyramidwouldbeamajorsight,oratleastsomethingmanypeoplehadheardof,butitisn’t.Myaccidentalfriend’sraiseoftheeyebrowswasthemostpromisingprospectI’dhadinaweek.Wedrovealongtheroadinsilenceforafewminutes.Thenmynewfriendbrokethesilenceand,meanwhile,myhopes.“I’veneverbeentoPulemelei,”hesaid.“I’velivedherebutIneverthoughtofgoing.”Myheartsank.Butwepressedon,crossingastream,walkingthroughwaist-highgrass,andthenanothermileofhotwalkuntilwefoundasign.There,barelyvisible,werethewords:“PulemeleiMound150m”.Thesignmarkedadarktunnelofjungle.Thenthepathopenedtoraysofsunshine.Weclimbed.Andthen,magic.WewerestandingontopofaPolynesianpyramid.Justthen,myfriend,obviouslyawedbywhathesaw,turnedtowardme,andplacedhisbigSamoanhandsonmyshoulders.Inthemostnaturalway,hebentdownandkissedmegentlyonthecheek.“Thankyou,”hesaid.1．What’sthepurposeoftheSamoanmanflaggingmedown?A．Tothumbaride. B．Toaskfordirections.C．Tocollectacustomsfee. D．Towarnofaroadaccident.2．Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheauthor?A．Informedbutrigid. B．Hesitantbutagreeable.C．Skepticalandreserved. D．Curiousandadventurous.3．WhydidtheSamoanmanthanktheauthorintheend?A．Hehadlivedouthisdream. B．Hewastakentothemechanic.C．Heenjoyedtheauthor’scompany. D．Heexperiencedthethrillofdiscovery.4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．APolynesianvillage. B．AfamousSamoansight.C．Achanceencounter. D．Anelderprotectinglocalroads.【答案】1．A2．D3．D4．C【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和一位搭顺风车的老人一起前往普莱梅利丘的故事。1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Whenheflaggedmedown,Ithoughthewasaneldercollectinga“customsfee”,thefewdollarsitcoststousevillageroadsthatleadtomanyofSamoa’ssights.He’dbeensittinglazilyinagreyingroadsideshack(棚子)builtforsuchoccasions.NormallyIwouldn’tpickupafreerider.(当他向我招手时，我还以为他是来收取“海关费”的长者，也就是使用通往萨摩亚许多景点的乡村道路所需的几美元。他一直懒洋洋地坐在路边为这种场合而建的灰暗棚屋里。通常情况下，我不会载上一个免费搭车的人)”可知，萨摩亚人拦“我”的目的是搭顺风车。故选A。2．推理判断题。根据第二段“I’dwantedtogotoPulemeleiMoundsinceI’dhearditmentionedinanarchaeologyclassyearsago.The“mound”isactuallyapyramid40feethighandroughly200feetacrossatitsbase.(自从几年前在考古学课上听到有人提到普莱梅利丘，我就一直想去那里。这个“土墩”实际上是一个40英尺高，底部大约200英尺宽的金字塔)”可知，作者在考古学课上知道了普莱梅利丘这个地方，于是就前往，说明作者爱冒险；根据倒数第三段“Butwepressedon,crossingastream,walkingthroughwaist-highgrass,andthenanothermileofhotwalkuntilwefoundasign.There,barelyvisible,werethewords:“PulemeleiMou