托福模拟考试及答案解析17

托福模拟考试及答案解析（17）

（1~6/共56题）阅读理解

TheHoneybeeWaggleDance

Honeybeesdwellinhivesincoloniescalledswarms,eachofwhichhasaqueenbeeandafew

maledrones,whichareusedforreproductivepurposes,whilethebulkoftheinsectsarefemale

workerbees.Occasionally,aswarmbecomestoolargeforitshive,sothehoneybeecolony

dividesintotwoashalfthebeesremainintheirhomewhereastheotherhalfleavetoestablisha

newswarm.Thedepartingbeesfindanearbytreetostayattemporarilyandthenbeginthe

processofsearchingforanewhome,whichmaytakeseveraldays.

Thistaskisgiventoselectedhoneybeescalledscouts,whichflyawayineverydirectionto

discoverasuitableplacetoconstructtheirhive.Whenascoutbelievesithasfoundagood

location,itreturnstotheswarmandperformsanelaborateseriesofmotionsthatscientistscall

thewaggledance.Thescoutmovesinafigureeightpatternonthesideoftheswarmthatit

wishestherestofthebeestofollow;however,theswarmwillnotmoveuntilmostoftheother

scoutsreturnandperformdancesoftheirown.

Eachscoutperformsthewaggledance,withsomeactingmoreaggressivelythantheothers.

Observationsofthisritualindicatethatthehoneybeescoutsdancinginthemostaggressive

mannerbelievetheyhavefoundanoptimalplacefortheirhive.Whathappensnextissomething

similartoacompetition:Eachscoutendeavorstowinovertheswarmwithitsdancingprowess.

Thehoneybeesdancesimultaneously,andtherearefrequentlyoccasionsduringwhichtwoor

morescoutsdanceonthesamesideoftheswarm.

Gradually,themostaggressivedancerswinoverthelessforcefulones,whichabandontheir

placesaroundtheswarmandmovetothesidewherethemostaggressivedancersareflying.

Eventually,everyscoutwindsupdoingthewaggledanceonthesameside.Atthatpoint,the

swarmfollowsthescoutstothenewlocation,wheretheybeginconstructingtheirhive.

*scout:onesentouttoobtaininformation

*endeavor:totryhard;todoone'sbest

第1题

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraphs1and2abouthoneybees?

A.Themaledronescansometimesoutnumberthefemalebees.

B.Theywilldieingreatnumbersiftheirhomebecomesoverpopulated.

C.AIIofthebeesthatflyofftosearchforanewhomearefemales.

D.Everyhoneybeeinthehiveiscapableofdoingthewaggledanceifnecessary.

第2题

Inparagraph4,theauthorimpliesthathoneybees

A.mustreachaconsensusonthehive'snewlocationbeforetheystartbuildingit

B.maysometimesconstructtwonewhivesifthescoutscannotagreeononelocation

C.cantakeacoupleofweekstobuildtheirhiveafterdeterminingwheretomakeit

D.willreactinanaggressivemannertowardanyanimalinterruptingthewaggledance

第3题

Vocabulary

=amalebeethatisstinglessandmakesnohoney

第4题

=best;ideal

第5题

=theactofmovingbackandforth

第6题

=ability;skill

下一题

（7~12/共56题）阅读理解

InterpretingTextsonAncientRelics

RelicsareartifactsfromancientcivilizationssuchastheEgyptians,Greeks,andMayans.On

manyoccasions,archaeologistsdiscoverrelicscontainingtextwritteninancientlanguages.These

itemscouldbeancientbooksandscrolls,ortheycouldsimplybevasesandcoinswithwritingon

them.Interpretingthesetextscanbedifficult,particularlyifthelanguageisapreviously

undiscoveredone,andthetextsmayadditionallybehardtoreadiftheyareincompleteorif

sectionshavewornaway.Anothercomplicationisthatinterpretingthemmustbedonewithout

thereaderintroducinganybiasbaseduponmodernlanguageandculture.

Lostlanguagesareamongthenumerousobstaclesarchaeologistsmustovercometointerpret

textsonrelics.Onesolutionistoutilizeakey,suchastheRosettaStone,whichwasdiscoveredin

Egyptin1799.ItcontainsanancientEgyptiandecreewritteninthreelanguages,oneofwhichis

inEgyptianhieroglyphics,anunknownlanguageatthetimeofitsdiscovery;however,another

languageonitisancientGreek,whichscholarsunderstood.Bycomparingthetext,scholarsmade

greatleapsininterpretinghieroglyphics.Unfortunately,otherancientlanguages,suchasMinoan

LinearA,havenotbeendecipheredprimarilybecausenokeythatcanassisttranslationefforts

hasbeendiscoveredyet.

TheRosettaStonewasmostlyintact,butitsmissingpartsexacerbatedeffortstointerpretits

text,somethingwhichfrequentlyhappenswithrelics.Thepassageoftimemayresultincarvings,

paintings,drawings,andtextualinscriptionsgettingwornaway.Forinstance,theTelDanStone,a

stonewithancientHebrewinscriptionsthatwasfoundinIsraelin1993,isbrokeninplaces,and

largeportionsoftextaremissing.Theresultisalong-standingcontroversyovertheprecise

interpretationofthewritingonit.

Howmodernscholarsviewtextsisanotherobstacletointerpretingthemsincetranslators

havetheirownpersonalbiases.Researchersmustthereforekeepthehistoricalandcultural

contextoftheperiodwhenthetextwaswritteninmind.Thiscanbedifficultwhenlittleisknown

ofthepeoplewhowrotethetextandwhenorwhytheywroteitthough.

*hieroglyphics:apictographicscriptusedbytheancientEgyptians

*inscription:somethingwrittenonbrick,stone,oranothersurface,ofteninhonorofaperson

orevent

第7题

Inparagraph2,whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredabouthieroglyphics?

A.Thereisasmallgroupofpeoplewhouseitforcommunicationtoday.

B.ThefirstrecordeddiscoveryofitwasfoundontheRosettaStone.

C.ltisreadandunderstoodbysomeindividualsinthepresentday.

D.ltiswidelyconsideredmoredifficulttoreadthanMinoanLinearAis.

第8题

Inparagraph3,theauthorimpliesthattheTelDanStone

A.hasasmallerpercentageofitstextintactthantheRosettaStonedoes

B.containsnotonlyancientHebrewtextbutalsosomedrawingsandinscriptions

C.hasbeenusefultoacademicstryingtounderstandancientHebrewsociety

D.hasresultedinscholarsrethinkingtheirtheoriessinceitsdiscoveryin1993

第9题

Vocabulary

=somethingdifficult,complex,orproblematic

第10题

=tomakeworseormoredifficult

第11题

=todiscoverthemeaningof

第12题

=prejudice;hostilefeelingstowardapersonorgroup

上一题下一题

(13~26/共56题)阅读理解

TheRoaringTwenties

Historiansrefertothedecadeofthe1920sastheRoaringTwentieswhendescribingthe

culturesofEuropeandNorthAmerica.Thatperiodhasthatmonikersincethepaceoflifethen

wasfasterthanithadbeenbefore.Itwasatimeofgreateconomicsuccessandsocialchange

exemplifiedbythewidespreaduseofmoderntechnologiesandthedramaticalteringofthe

culture.

Inmanyways,theRoaringTwentieswasareactiontothedeathanddestructionofWorldWar

I(1914—1918).Followingthegloomanduncertaintyofthewaryears,peoplesoughtgood

livesandpleasure,whichfueledadesiretospendmoneyandtoacquirethebestthings.Abrief

recessionfollowedthewar'sconclusion,buteconomicprosperityquicklybecamethenormas

thedesireforconsumergoodsresultedinthemassproductionofautomobiles,refrigerators,

telephones,andotherelectronicproducts.Urbancentersincreasedinsizeaspeoplemovedaway

fromthecountryside.Thisinitiatedanurbanbuildingboom,epitomizedbythearchitecturalstyle

calledartdeco.TheEmpireStateBuildingandChryslerBuilding,bothinNewYorkCity,were

designedinthatstyle.

Culturally,thedecadewasdefinedbytheriseofnewgenresofmusic,thebeginningofmass

entertainment,andgreaterfreedomforwomen.JazzmusicmovedfromtheAmericanSouthto

largecitiesintheUnitedStatesandEurope.Motionpictures,radioshows,andsportssuchas

baseballprovidedentertainmentformillionsofpeople.Thisledtotheriseofcelebritiesasthe

publicfollowedintimatedetailsofthelivesoffamouspeoplesuchasactorRudolphValentino

andbaseballstarBabeRuth.Duringthistime,womeninmanynationsbecameeligibletovote

andgainedmorefreedom.Changesforthemincludedthesheddingoftheconfiningclothingof

theprewaryearstomoreloose-fittingdresses,longnecklaces,andfloppyhats,which

exemplifiedtheflapperlook.Sadly,muchoftheprosperityandchangewasbuiltonaweak

financialstructure—thestockmarket—andwhenitcollapsedin1929,itbroughttheRoaring

Twentiestoasuddenhalt.

*artdeco:adecorativestyleofartthatstressesgeometricshapesandboldcolors

*flapper:ayoungwomanthatbehavedinanunconventionalmannerinthe1920s

第13题

Inparagraph2,theauthorimpliesthattheRoaringTwenties

A.wasatimewhentheunemploymentratefelltorecordlowsandmostpeoplehadjobs

B.sawmostpeoplegettingelectricityintheirhomesforthefirsttime

C.wasanageduringwhichthefirstskyscraperswerebuiltinNewYorkCity

D.wasaperiodofrelativepeaceinbothEuropeandNorthAmerica

第14题

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph3aboutwomen?

A.Alargenumberofthemvotedforthefirsttimeintheirlivesduringthe1920s.

B.DuringtheRoaringTwenties,theyencouragedmentoletthemdesigntheirownclothes.

C.lnthe1920s,largenumbersofthembecamecelebritiesintheentertainmentindustry.

D.SomewomenwereelectedtoimportantpoliticalpositionsduringtheRoaringTwenties.

第15题

Vocabulary

=aname

第16题

=wealth;affluence

第17题

=toserveasanexample

第18题

=verypersonal;private

第19题

Mapping

Thefollowingchartshowsthestructureofthepassage.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriate

words.

图片

第20题

Summary

Thefollowingisasummaryofthepassage.Fillintheblankswiththeappropriatewords.

The1920sareoftenreferredtoasthe20Twentiesbecauseofthe21successand

socialchangethattookplacethen.FollowingWorldWarI,theRoaringTwentieswasatime

whenpeoplespentmoney,sotheir22improved.Theyboughtmanyconsumeritemssuch

asautomobiles,refrigerators,andtelephones,andmanypeople23fromthecountryto

cities.Asfor24,jazzbecameprominent,andmotionpictures,radioshows,andsports

entertainedmillionsofpeople.Womenbecame25tovoteandgainedmorefreedom.

However,theRoaringTwentiesendedwhenthestockmarket26in1929.

第21题

第22题

第23题

第24题

第25题

第26题

上一题下一题

（27~34/共56题）阅读理解

PretendPlayandChildDevelopment

Whenchildrenplaytogether,theycommonlypretendbyactingoutgamesandscenariosin

whichtheyplaydifferentroles,suchasmonsters,superheroes,pirates,doctors,andprincesses.

Thecloseobservationofchildplayhasledpsychologiststoregarditasanessentialcomponentof

children'smentaldevelopment.Byparticipatinginpretendplay,childrenlearntodevelop

reasoningandtoanticipatepossibilitiesfromvariousscenarios,bothofwhichassistthemin

decisionmaking.Theylearntoseparateplausiblescenariosfromimplausibleonesby

understandingwhatisrealandwhatisnot,andtheyalsolearntocontroltheiremotionsingroup

situations,therebypermittingthemtointeractsuccessfullywithothers.

Accordingtosomepsychologists,therearetwostagesofpretendplay:fantasyplayand

sociodramaticplay.Fantasyplaybeginsaroundtheageoftwo,whichiswhenchildrenfrequently

enterdaycareandinteractwiththeirpeersforthefirsttime.Thistypeofplayincludeschildren

verbalizingwhentheyarepretendingtodosomethingatvariousstagesintheiractivities.For

instance,achildmightsay,"Iamswimmingnow,"andthenmakeswimmingmotionswithhis

arms.Aschildrenageandspendmoretimewithotherchildren,fantasyplaygraduallytransforms

intosociodramaticplay.Atthatpoint,childrenengageinpretendscenariosandgothroughthem

withoutexplainingwhattheyaredoingateachstage.Forexample,agroupofchildren

pretendingtobelikepirateswillactlikebuccaneersforalongtimewithouthavingtosay,"We're

pirates,"or,"We'reattackingtheshipnow."

Bothtypesofplaycanbenefitchildrenastheyparticipateinsocialactivitieswithothersthe

sameage.Theylearnmanyimportantaspectsofsocialinteraction,suchascooperationand

appreciationofothers'pointsofviewandfeelings.Furthermore,theymakefriendsbyincluding

othersintheirgames.Aschildrenprogressfromfantasytosociodramaticplay,theydevelop

cognitiveawarenessbylearningabouttheworld.Theycomprehendthattheworldhasrulesand

thatactionshaveconsequences.Childrenalsolearnwhatispossibleandimpossibleastheyuse

morerealisticsituations,suchasplayingdoctorwhilesomeonepretendstobesick,when

engaginginsociodramaticplay.Theypartakeinmorereal-lifesituationsthatareconceivableas

opposedtopretendingtobesuperheroessavingtheworldfromaliensorsomeothermenace.

Anotheradvantageofpretendplayisthatchildrenlearnhowtogainbettercontrolovertheir

emotions.Theydevelopandexpressmorepositiveemotions,becomemorethoughtful,learnto

engagewithothersinpositiveways,andunderstandhowothersfeelinvarioussituations.Atthe

sametime,theystarttobecomeabletocontrolnegativeemotionssuchasselfishnessandanger.

Finally,byplayingingroups,childrenlearnthattheycannotbethecenterofattentionatall

times.

Someparentsworrywhentheirchildrenengageinextensiveamountsofpretendplayasthey

believetheirchildrenarenotlearningabouttherealworld.Yetpsychologistsemphasizethat

parentsshouldnotdiscouragepretendplayasitisnecessaryforchildren'sdevelopment.Thisis

especiallytrueforyoungchildrensince,astheyage,theirtimebecomesrestrictedonceschool

begins,andtheyhavetoengageinlearningmorestructuredinnature.

*sociodramatic:relatingtotheassumingandactingofvariousroles

*buccaneer:pirate

*selfishness:self-centeredness;greed

第27题

Vocabulary

=animaginedsequenceofevents

第28题

=aspecialistinthestudyofthehumanmind

第29题

=anequal;apersonofthesamestatusorageasanother

第30题

=athreat

第31题

NegativeFactualInformationQuestion

Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofpretendplay?

A.Childrenneedtoparticipateinitinordertodeveloptheirminds.

B.Therolesthatchildrenassumewhendoingitdictatetheirfuturecareers.

C.ltteacheschildrentolearnaboutwhatisrealandwhatisnot.

D.Doingitenableschildrentobeabletoassociatewellwithothers.

第32题

InferenceQuestion

Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraphs2and3aboutsociodramaticplay?

A.Childrenengagedinitdonotfeeltheneedtostatealoudwhatactionstheyaredoing.

B.ltisconsideredthemoreusefultypeofpretendplayfordevelopingimaginations.

C.Mostchildrenparticipateinitbydoingsomekindofoutdooractivity.

D.Themajorityofitinvolveschildrendoingactivitiesthatarenormallyimplausible.

第33题

FactualInformationQuestion

SelecttheTWOanswerchoicesfromparagraph4thatidentifytheadvantagesofpretendplay,To

receivecredit,youmustselectTWOanswers.

A.Childrenbecomemoreawareofothers'emotions.

B.Childrenimprovetheirathleticskillsandabilities.

C.Childrenlearnhowtodoactivitiestogetherwithothers.

0.Childrendevelopbothpositiveandnegativeemotions.

第34题

FillinaTableQuestion

Selecttheappropriatestatementsfromtheanswerchoicesandmatchthemtothetypeof

pretendplaytowhichtheyrelate.TWOoftheanswerchoiceswillNOTbeused.

图片.STATEMENTS

©Typicallyhaschildrenpretendingsituationsthatcouldhappeninreality

②Teacheschildrenthatwhattheydohasspecificresults

(3)lstheinitialtypeofplaythatchildrenengagein

@lsrecommendedbypsychologiststhatparentsdoitwiththeirchildren

⑤Ofteninvolveschildrenactingoutunrealisticscenarios

©Requireschildrenbothtoactandsaywhattheyaredoing

©Maypreventchildrenfromlearningabouttheworldaroundthem上一题下一题

(35~42/共56题)阅读理解

PlantDistributionandPlateTectonics

ThetheoryofplatetectonicsholdsthattheEarth'scrustiscomprisedofnumerouslarge

sections,orplates,whichareinconstantmovementandarepushingagainstorpullingawayfrom

oneanother.Relatedtoplatetectonicsisthetheoryofcontinentaldrift—thenotionthatmillions

ofyearsago,alloftheworld'scontinentswerejoinedasonemassivesupercontinentandthen

laterslowlydriftedapartuntiltheyreachedtheirpresent-daypositions.Althoughcontinental

driftisnearlyuniversallyacceptedtoday,thiswasnotalwaysthecase.WhenGermanscientist

AlfredWegenerfirstproposedthetheoryin1912,theideawasscoffedatbyotherscientists,

especiallysinceWegenerprovidedlittleproofofthistheoryatthetime.Gradually,however,over

thenextfewdecades,moreandmoresubstantialevidenceemergedthatappearedtoprove

Wegener'stheory.

Amongthisevidenceisthefactthatcertainspeciesoffossilizedandlivingplantshavebeen

foundonwidelyseparatecontinents.Thisseemstobesolidevidencethatthesecontinentswere

oncejoinedsometimeinthepast.Asanexample,fossilsofthefernlikeplantglossopteris,which

appearedroughly300millionyearsago,havebeendiscoveredinplacesinSouthAfrica,Australia,

SouthAmerica,India,andevenAntarctica.Geologistsbelievetheseplaceswereallonce

connectedaspartofthesupercontinentPangaea.Aseed-bearingtree,glossopteriswasoneof

thedominantplantsofitseraandlivedontheEarthforalmostfiftymillionyears.

Approximately135millionyearsago,whenthefirstfloweringplantsappeared,Pangaeahad

alreadydividedintotwoverylargecontinents.Thesouthernmostone,dubbedGondwanaland,

containedpartsofallthelandsthatareintheSouthernHemispheretoday.Modernplants

commontotheselandsaredescendedfromplantsthatexisted135millionyearsago.Thebest

exampleisthecycadplantfamily.Containingaround185species,cycadsarecurrentlywidely

distributedinthesesouthernlands.

Foralongtime,thiswidespreaddistributionofbothglossopterisandplantsbelongingtothe

cycadfamilybaffledbotanistssincetheseplantshadnomeansofdistributingthemselvesacross

vastregionsofland.Plantstypicallymovetonewterritoriesbydistributingtheirseeds,which

theyaccomplishinthreeprimaryways.First,animalssuchasbirdsconsumeseeds,movetonew

lands,anddefecatetheseedsontotheground.Next,thewindpicksupseedsandcarriesthem

away.Last,seedscanfloatonwateranddrifttonewlands.Inallthreecases,whentheseeds

reachanewspot,theygetburiedintheground,whereupontheygerminateandthengrowinto

matureplants.

However,noneofthesemethodsseemspossibleforthecycadfamily.Theseplantsproduce

largeseedsthatbirdscannotconsumeandcarrytootherlands,norcanthewindeasilypick

themupandcarrythemthroughtheair.Inaddition,mostcycadsgrowfarinlandawayfrom

coastalregions,and,eveniftheygrownearwater;mostoftheirseedsaretooheavyand

thereforecannotfloatonwateranddrifttonewlands.Theglossopteris'seedswerealsoquite

large,soitappearsunlikelythattheycouldhavebeencarriedtosomanyregionslocated

thousandsofkilometersapartifthecontinentshadbeeninthesamepositions300millionyears

agothattheyareintoday.Therefore,mostscientistshaveconcludedthatplatetectonicsand

continentaldriftaretheonlyrealisticexplanationsforthewidespreaddistributionofthese

plants.

*supercontinent:averylargecontinentcomprisingoneormoreofthepresent-daycontinents

ontheEarth

*fossil:thepreservedremainsofaplantoranimal

*SouthernHemisphere:thehalfoftheEarththatliesbeneaththeequator

第35题

Vocabulary

=large;considerable

第36题

=toconfuse

第37题

=toname

第38题

=tobegintogrow

第39题

VocabularyQuestion

Instatingthattheideawasscoffedat,theauthormeansthattheideawas

A.ridiculed

B.considered

C.shunned

D.proved

第40题

InferenceQuestion

Inparagraph2,theauthorimpliesthatglossopteris

A.wasoneofthefirstplantsevertoevolveontheplanet

B.hasbeenfoundinfossilizedformsonalloftheEarth'scontinents

C.wentextinctsometimearound250millionyearsago

D.borefruitthatwasconsumedbyawidevarietyofanimals

第41题

SentenceSimplificationQuestion

Whichofthesentencesbelowbestexpressestheessentialinformationinthehighlighted

sentenceinthepassage?Incorrectanswerchoiceschangethemeaninginimportantwaysor

leaveoutessentialinformation.

Inaddition,mostcycadsgrowfarinlandawayfromcoastalregions,and,eveniftheygrownear

water;mostoftheirseedsaretooheavyandthereforecannotfloatonwateranddrifttonew

lands.

A.Becausecycadshavelargeseedsthatareincapableoffloatingonthewater,theyarerarely

foundnearwaterbutinsteadgrowinland.

B.Theseedsofcycadsrarelyspreadbymeansofwaterbecausetheyareveryheavy,andthe

plantalsotendstogrowindryplacesfarfromwater.

C.Cycadsdonotgrownearlargebodiesofwater;andeventhoselivingnearwaterbearseeds

thatweightoomuch,sotheycannotfloat.

D.Onemethodofseeddispersalforcycadsiswatereventhoughtheseedsthemselvesarequite

heavyanddonotfloatwellonit.

第42题

ProseSummaryQuestion

Anintroductorysentenceforabriefsummaryofthepassageisprovidedbelow.Completethe

summarybyselectingtheTHREEanswerchoicesthatexpressthemostimportantideasofthe

passage.Somesentencesdonotbelongbecausetheyexpressideasthatarenotpresentedinthe

passageorareminorideasinthepassage.

Thedispersalofthefossilsofsomeplantsthatlivedmillionsofyearsagohashelpedprovethat

thecontinentswereoncecloselyconnectedtooneanother.

ANSWERCHOICES

©Plantsinthecycadfamilygrowaroundtheworld,buttheyrarelygrownearwater,andcycad

seedsaretooheavytofloat.

②Thefirstplanttoemergeontheplanetwasglossopteris,anditgrewinallsortsofclimatesand

ecosystems.

©WhenAlfredWegenercameupwithhistheoryofcontinentaldrift,virtuallynobodybelieved

whatheclaimed.

©Scientistshaveconcludedthatasupercontinentmusthaveexistedsincetheremainsof

identicalplantshavebeenfoundinnumerousplaces.

⑤Therearethreeprimarymethodsofseeddispersal,whichincludetransportationbyanimals

anddispersalbythewind.

⑥Fossilsofglossopteris,atypeofplant,havebeenfoundonnumerouscontinentsdespitethe

factthatseeddispersalforitwouldhavebeendifficult.

上一题下一题

（43~56/共56题）阅读理解

ImmigratingforWork

Therearemanyreasonspeoplemovetonewcountries,butarguablythemostcommononeis

tofindemployment.Doingsoisnotasimpletaskthough,primarilybecausemanyofthenatives

havenodesiretoseepeoplefromothercountriesmovingtotheirshores.Additionalproblems

forpeopleimmigratingforworkconcernsocioeconomicfactors,includingtheimmigrants'

educationlevels,theirinabilitytofindsuitableemployment,andtheirmedicalhistoryand

criminalpast.Manyimmigrantsmayalsonotassimilateintotheirnewcountriesastheytendto

suffercultureshockandcannothandlelivinginanewculture.Overall,movingtoanewcountry

tofindworkisatbestadifficultpropositionandatworstanimpossibleoneformostindividuals.

Themaindifficultyregardingimmigratingisthatmostcountriesdonotpermitittobe

accomplishedeasily.Whilethemajorityofnationsallowforeignworkerstocome

temporarily—forseveralmonthstoayearortwo—beingabletomovetoandlivepermanentlyin

anothernationismuchmoredifficulttoaccomplish.CountriessuchasCanadaandNewZealand

havestrictpoliciesconcerninghowforeignerscanbecomepermanentresidents.Theyhavelists

ofpreferredprofessionals,suchasdoctorsandengineers,whoaregivenpriority.Themain

reasonforthisisthatthesenationshavenodesirefornewarrivalstobecomeburdensontheir

socialservices.Instead,theywantnewcomerstobehardworking,taxpaying,andproductive

membersofsocietyratherthanunemployeddeadbeatsthatconsumelargeamountsof

governmentfundingwhileproducinglittleinreturn.

Asaresultofpoliciessuchasthese,mostpeoplewishingtoemigratefromtheirhomesshould

possessahighlevelofeducation.Yeteventhosewhohavegoodeducationsmaynothavetheir

degreesrecognizedinthecountriestheywishtomoveto.Forexample,mostdoctorsmovingto

countriesinNorthAmericaandEuropefromotherpartsoftheworldmusttakespecialexamsto

provetheirmedicalskillsandknowledge.Andvirtuallyanyonelackingauniversitydegreewill

finditdifficulttobeacceptedasapermanentresident.Theseindividualsmustalsohaveaclean

billofhealth.?Peoplewithseriouspreexistingmedicalproblems,suchascancerandAIDS,will

finditpracticallyimpossibletobecomepermanentresidentsinmostcountriessincethose

nationsdonotwantsickpeoplewhowillrequireexpensivemedicaltreatment.?Thisisespecially

trueforcountriessuchasAustralia,Canada,andNewZealandaswellasmostcountriesinEurope,

wherehealthcareispaidforbytaxes.?Anotherimpedimentconcernspeople'scriminalpastsas

anyonewhohaseverbeenfoundguiltyofaseriouscriminaloffensewilllikelybeprohibitedfrom

movingtoanewland.?

Nevertheless,despitethesebarriers,manypeoplemanagetoqualifyforpermanentresidency

andfindthemselveslegallyinforeignlandsandwithgoodjobswaitingforthem.Formanyof

them,theirproblemsarejustbeginning.Languagebarriersareseriousissuesforpeoplewholack

fluencyintheirnewcountry'slanguage.Ifanewarrivaldoesnotfullyunderstandthelanguageof

hisorhernewcountry,accomplishingevenbasictasksmaypresentdifficulties.WhileEnglishis

usedasafirstorsecondlanguageinnumerouscountries,evenEnglishspeakershavetroublein

someplacessincenoteveryonecanspeakthelanguage.Insomecases,theparentsmighthavea

graspofthelocallanguage,buttheirchildrenmayhavetoenrollinschoolsalthoughtheydonot

knowthelanguagewellenoughtostudyinit