北京市2024-2025学年新高三上学期入学定位考试英语试题（原卷版）

2024-2025学年北京市新高三入学定位考试第一部分知识运用(共两节，30分)第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。Itwasinthecoldmidwinter,andthewayfaringcouplewalkedthroughthecoldnight.Thefather-to-be___1___theroadside,seekingshelter,wherehisstrugglingcompanionmightrest___2___forthenight.Shelaboredalong,herwaymadeheavierbythenewlifegrowinginsideher.TheirnameswerePepperandCooper,apairofbeagles(米格鲁猎犬).GusKiebel,acountywildlifeofficer,wasdrivinghomefromworkwhenhe___3___thepairintheflashofhisheadlights.Itwassnowingsohard,buthecouldtellthedogswerewearingcollarsandtags.Whatweretheydoingoutherewhenitwastoocoldfordogstogooutside?Gusparkedhistruckand___4___theanimals.Hestretchedouthishandstothebeagles,whichmadeno___5___toescape.Hereadtheirtagsbyhistruck’sheadlights:thefemalewasnamedPepper,andthemalewasCooper.Hethencalledthenumberlisted,butitwassnowingsohardthathis___6___blurred.Heplacedthedogsontothepassengerseatandtheyweresnuggledtogetherthere.Gusdriedhisphoneanddialedthenumberagain.Amanansweredandimmediatelygrew___7___whenGustoldhimwhyhewascalling.“Igavethosedogsaway,”themansaid,“They’renotmineanymore.”Thesebeagleswere____8____.Gusnoticedtheirlargeeyespleading.Hethenbroughtthemhome.TheKiebelspreparedabedforthedogsontheirwarmenclosedporch,also____9____foodandwater.Theexhaustedanimalslaytogether.It’sasimplestory—peoplewhopracticekindnessgiveshelterfromastormtoahomelesscouple—butitspeakstothebestofour____10____.1.A.blocked B.guarded C.scanned D.identified2.A.safely B.happily C.quickly D.willingly3.A.tracked B.spotted C.ignored D.hunted4.A.patted B.protected C.tested D.approached5.A.effort B.meaning C.consensus D.contact6A.truck B.screen C.mind D.headlight7.A.interested B.embarrassed C.defensive D.talkative8.A.avoided B.adopted C.appreciated D.abandoned9.A.givingout B.settingout C.puttingout D.carryingout10.A.nature B.talent C.pursuit D.advantage第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Naturaldisasterscanmakepeopledependontheirneighborsinawaynothingelsedoes.Thesix-year-oldJermaine_____11_____(save)moneywithhisfamilyforadreamtriptoDisneyworldwhensuddenlytheirneighborhoodwasorderedtoevacuate(疏散)becauseofHurricaneDorian.Immediatelytheboydecidedtousehishard-earnedcash_____12_____(help)hisneighbors.Jermainestoodalongsideanearbyroad____13____(hand)outchips,hotdogs,andbottlesofwatertoevacuees.“Iwantedthemtohavesomefoodtoeat,”hesaid.“Iwantedtobekindandlivetogive.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Teenagefriendshipsarefunandcangrowintolifelongrelationships.Anewstudy,publishedinthejournalChildDevelopment,_____14_____(show)theseearlyfriendshipsdosomethingelse,too:prepareteens____15____parenting.Theresearchersfoundthattheteenswhoshowedmoreempathyfortheirclosefriendsweremore____16____(support)parentsinadulthood.Therefore,_____17_____yourfriendisstruggling,youcanpracticeshowingupandtryingtounderstandtheirperspective.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空自处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。FoodinsecurityisdefinedbytheUnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureasthelackofaccesstoenoughfoodforanactive,healthylife.Itisassociatedwithnegativesocialandhealthoutcomesand____18____(consider)acriticalpublichealthissue.Keydriversoffoodinsecurityincludeunemployment,poverty,andincomeshocks,____19____canpreventadequateaccesstofood.Luckily,multipleinterventionshavebeenshowntoreducefoodinsecurity,includingparticipationinfoodassistance_____20_____(program)andbroadersocietal-levelimprovementsineconomicstability.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATheSummerScienceProgram(SSP)isanonprofitorganizationthatprovidesanexperimentalscienceexperienceforhighschoolseniorswho’llsoongothroughcollegeapplication.Asoneoftheoldestpre-collegeenrichmentprograms,SSPisuniquelyrunbyformermembersofthiswonderfulcommunity.TheirpreviousexperienceswithSSPhaveledthemtoactivelysupporttheprogramthroughdonationsandvolunteering.Theprogramstructureinvolvestwelveteamsguidedbyafacultyofseven.Studentsworkinteamsofthreetoundertakeahands-onresearchproject,fosteringcollaboration,challenge,andinclusivity.Over39days,theseteamsdigintotheirresearch,formingaclose-knitlearningcommunity.AdmissiontoSSPisopentohighschooljuniorsglobally,withaholistic(整体的)approachthatvaluesacademicexcellenceandmotivation.Theprogramensuresdiversityandprovidesfinancialaidtoalladmittedstudents,makingsuretalentedyoungpeoplewon’getshutout.TheSSPcommunitythrivesoncooperativeresearch,offering,arefreshingreplacementtocompetitiveschoolenvironments.Theabsenceofexamsandgradesfocusesstudentsonpersonalgrowthandtheestablishmentofasupportivenetworkwithpeersandalumni.ResearchopportunitiesareavailableinfieldssuchasAstrophysics,Biochemistry,orGenomics.witheachprogramhostedbyauniversitypartner.Thecurriculumisadvanced,pacedforcollege-levelunderstanding,andintegratedwiththeresearchproject.Thescheduleispackedwithlearning,guestlecturesfromprofessionals,visitstoscientifieinstitutions,andsocialevents,ensuringawell-roundedandenjoyablesummerforparticipants.TheSSPexperienceisnotjustaboutscience;it’saboutpersonalandcommunalgrowth,makingitanenrichingandmemorableprogramforhighschoolseniors.21.WhatisspecialaboutSSP?A.It’soperatedbyformergraduates. B.It’sbuiltuponpreviousexperiences.C.Itrequiresrecommendationsbyfaculty. D.Itprovidesguidanceoncollegeapplication.22.TogetacceptedbySSP,participantsneedto_______.A.payacertainsumoffees B.adoptaholisticapproachC.beabletodesignprojects D.beexcellentinacademics23.AtSSP,participantswill_______A.haveafewexamstosit B.engageincompetitiveactivitiesC.getvariousresearchopportunities D.attendlecturesinscientificinstitutionsBYearsago,wewerelivinginabignicehouseandIwasgoingtothebestelementaryschoolinthecitywithmysiblings.Wehadeverythingwecouldhavewishedforandwewerestillaskingformore.Mr.Sanchezusedtomowourlawns.Hewasveryhardworking.Often,hewouldbringhissonthatwasmyage.HehadmodesttoysandmodestclothesandhehadahardtimefittinginwithusmainlybecauseIwastooproudtoconsiderhimmyequal.HisnamewasCabrielandhewasasmartboy,despiteallhis“shortcomings”.Dayswentbyandwespentourtimearoundeachotherbutwithoutanycloseconnection.Fastforwardtoacoupleofyearsandmyfather’sbusinesshittherockbottom.Hispartnertookawayallthemoneyandleftthecountry.Soonwehadtoleaveourbighouseandsettleintoasmalloneandwewerehavingahardtimemeetingotherexpenses.Mr.Sanchezwasverykindduringthattime.HeandGabrielcameonceaweekandhelpedmeandmysiblingsgetthingsinorder.ThatwaswhenGabrielandIbecamegoodfriends.WestartedtalkingintheeveningswhenIlearnthewasgoingtostartcollegeandhewasmuchsmarterthanme.Laterwecameupwithabusinessplanandfoundedastart-up.IfeltnoshameinconfessingthatCabrielwasmuchmoreinstrumentalintheriseofourcompany.Laterallofmyfather’sdebtwaspaidoffandwewereagainahappy,prosperousfamily.IwasatrulyrichmanbecauseIhadagreatfriendbymysideformywholelife.Thisexperiencewasavaluablelessonforme.Itdoesnottakealifeexperienceforpeopletogofromragstorichesortheotherwayaround.Whatisimportantissomeone’spersonandbehaviortowardhisotherfellowsinreallife.24.Whathappenedtotheauthor’sfamilyinhisearlyyears?A.Lifeexpenseswentupunexpectedly. B.Afinancialbreakdownhithisfamily.C.Theirhousewasillegallytakenaway. D.Theylostcloseconnectionwithothers.25Whatchangedtheauthor’sattitudetowardsGabriel?A.Theirpartnershipinbusiness. B.TheproofofGabriel’scapability.C.Thechangeofhislivingcondition. D.TheconsistenthelpfromGabriel.26.WhichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribeGabriel?A.Intelligentandloyal. B.Persistentandambitious.C.Introvertedbutgenerous. D.Hardworkingbutmodest.27.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Likefather,likeson. B.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.C.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway. D.Neverjudgeabookbyitscover.CThevastmajorityofpeoplehaveanongoingconversationwiththemselves,aninnervoice,thatplaysanimportantroleintheirdailylives.Butbetween5to10percentofthepopulationdonothavetheexperienceofaninnervoice,andtheyfinditmoredifficulttoperformcertainverbalmemorytasks,newresearchshows.JohanneNedergardfromtheUniversityofCopenhagenandhercolleagueGaryLupyanarethefirstresearcherstoinvestigatewhetherthelackofaninnervoice,oranendophasiaastheyhavecoinedthecondition,hasanyconsequencesforhowthesepeoplesolveproblems,forexamplehowtheyperformverbalmemorytasks.Peoplewhoreportedthattheyeitherexperiencedahighdegreeofinnervoiceorverylittleinnervoiceineverydaylifeweresubjectedtooneexperimentthataimedtodeterminewhethertherewasadifferenceintheirabilitytorememberlanguageinputandoneabouttheirabilitytofindrhymewords.Thefirstexperimentinvolvedtheparticipantsrememberingwordsinorder—wordsthatweresimilar,eitherphoneticallyorinspelling,e.g.“bought”“caught”.Theparticipantswithoutaninnervoiceweresignificantlyworseatrememberingthewords.Thesameappliedtoanassignmentinwhichtheparticipantshadtodeterminewhetherapairofpicturescontainedwordsthatrhyme,e.g.picturesofasockandaclock.Here,too,itiscrucialtobeabletorepeatthewordsinordertocomparetheirsoundsandthusdeterminewhethertheyrhyme.AccordingtoNedergard,thedifferencesinverbalmemorythattheyhaveidentifiedintheirexperimentswillnotbenoticedinordinaryeverydayconversations.Andthequestionis,doesnothavinganinnervoiceholdanypracticalorbehavioralsignificance?Sofar,theresearchersarenotsurebecausetheyareonlyontheverybeginningofawholeprocessofstudy.Butthereisonefieldwheretheysuspectthathavinganinnervoiceplaysarole,andthatistherapy;inthewidelyusedcognitivebehavioraltherapy,forexample,youneedtoidentifyandchangeadversethoughtpatterns,andhavinganinnervoicemaybeveryimportantinsuchaprocess.However,itisstilluncertainwhetherdifferencesintheexperienceofaninnervoicearerelatedtohowpeoplerespondtodifferenttypesoftherapy.Nedergardsaidshewouldliketocontinueherresearchtofindoutwhetherotherlanguageareasareaffectedifyoudonothaveaninnervoice.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword”coined“inParagraph2probablymean?A.Assessed. B.Revised. C.Created. D.Discovered.29.Theresearchersusethepicturesofasockandaclockto_____.A.displayhowpeoplepickupdifferentwords B.seehowpeopledifferindegreesofinnervoiceC.explainwhysomeparticipantscanrepeatwords D.assessagroup’sabilitytorememberwordsinorder.30.Nedergardwillprobablyagreethatpeoplewithoutaninnervoice______.A.havepoorerverbalmemory B.showtraitsindailyconversationsC.canobtainitthroughtraining D.haveseriousproblemsinlearningDNaturevs.NurtureCuriosityhasalwaysbeenoneofthemostinnateandprevailingqualitiesofhumankind.Ourendlesspursuitoftruthandreasonshasresultedinalotofcrucialdiscoveriesintheworld.However,themoreweuncovertheworld,themoreweendupgeneratingmorequestionstoanswer.Outofallthewondersoftheworld,humanpsychologyisdeemedtobeoneofthemostcontroversial.Thecomplexityofthemindanditsreflectiononhumanbehaviorhasbeenasubjectofmanystudiesanddebates.Oneoftheoldestand,still,mosttalkedaboutanargumentinpsychologyisthenatureagainstnurturedebate.Naturereferstothebiologicalstructureandprocessesthatdetermineaperson’sphysicalandbehavioralattributes.Duetotheadvancementofgenetics,scientistshaveuncoveredthatphysicaltraitssuchaseyecolor,hairtype,height,andlifeexpectancyofapersoncanstronglyberelatedtothegeneticmakeup.Thesediscoverieshaveledtothespeculationthatmostpsychologicalcharacteristicslikeintellect,personality,andlanguageacquisitionabilityarealreadypre-wiredtooursystemthroughourgeneticpattern.Incontrast,nurturetheorysuggeststhatbehaviorishonedfromsocio-culturalfactors.ThistheoryisguidedbyJohnLocke’s“blankslate”theory,whichreferstotheideathatthehumanmind,initsprimalstate,isablankslatethatisgraduallyfilledinwithinformationderivedfromdirectandindirectexperiences.Thistheorystatespeople’scharacteristicsandbehavioraldiversityattendresultsofsocialandculturalinfluencesencounteredduringtheirdevelopment.ThetermNaturevs.NurturedebatewasputforwardbySirFrancisGalton,whobelievedthatintellectisaquantifiableandhereditary(遗传的)humantrait.Healsobelievedthatintellectcanbepassedfromgenerationtogeneration.Thus,peoplewithhighintelligencehaveamajorchanceofhavinghighlyintellectualoffspring,whilepeoplehavinglowerthanaverageintellectaremorelikelytohavelowintellectualoffspring.However,thebelieversofnurturetheorybelievedthatintellectualabilityattendstheresultofinequalitiesinaccesstoresourcesandopportunities.Thus,intellectisnotaproductofhereditybutmoreofaresultofthesocialconstruct.Countlessresearchandexperimentationhavebeenconductedtoputanendtotheseeminglyendlessdebate.Psychologistsandresearchersofthepresentalreadyembracetheideathataperson’scharacterishighlyinfluencedbyhisgeneticmakeupandtheenvironment.Theyearsoflaboredresearchonnatureandnurturetheoryfinallyhavebornfruits.Technologyandresearchhaveexpandedabetterunderstandingofthehumanpersonalityandmind,andwilljustcontinuouslydoastimepassesby.31.Whydoestheauthormention“curiosity”inthefirstparagraph?A.Topredicttheresearchresults. B.Toemphasizetheimportanceofexploring.C.Toleadtotheargumentofnatureagainstnurture. D.Toraisethereader’sinterestinthetheoryofnature.32.WhatdoesJohnLocke’s“blankslate”theorysuggest?A.Humanmindisalwaysblank. B.People’sbehaviorsarelearned.C.Behaviorisdeterminedgenetically. D.Culturehaslittleinfluenceonhuman.33.WhatistheattitudeofSirFrancisGaltontowardsthetheoryofnurture?A.Disapproving. B.Supportive. C.Neutral. D.Cautious.34.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A.Thetheoryofnatureisnotacceptedbythepublic.B.Thetheoryofnurtureisbasedonthetheoryofnature.C.Thesupportersofthetwotheoriesagreewitheachother.D.Thetheoryofnatureandthetheoryofnurturebothmakesense.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。WhyDoesNormMatter?Simplyput,anormisarulethatguidesbehavioramongmembersofasocietyorgroup.Normsaresocialfacts:thingswhichexistinsocietyindependentofindividuals,andthatshapeourthoughtsandbehavior._____35_____.Whilewecanunderstandnormssimplyasrulesthattelluswhatweshouldorshouldn’tdothere’smuchmoretothemthatsociologistsfindinterestingandworthyofstudy.Forexample,sociologicalfocusisoftendirectedathownormsaredisseminated---howwecometolearnthem.Theprocessofsocializationisguidedbynormsandtaughttousbythosearoundus,includingourfamilies,teachers,andauthorityfiguresfromreligion,politics,law,andpopularculture._____36_____Wedothisalotaschildren,butwealsodoitasadultsinunfamiliarspaces,amongnewgroupsofpeople,orinplaceswevisitforthistime.Learningthenormsofanygivenspaceorgroupallowsustofunctioninthatsetting,andtobeacceptedbythosepresent.Asknowledgeofhowtooperateintheworld,normsareanimportantpartoftheculturalcapitalthateachofuspossessesandembodies.Theyare,infact,culturalproductsandareculturallycontextual,andtheyonlyexistifwerealizetheminourthoughtandbehavior.Forthemostpart,normsarethingsthatwetakeforgrantedandspendlittletimethinkingabout,buttheybecomehighlyvisibleandconsciouswhentheyarebroken._____37_____Weabidethembecauseweknowthattheyexistandthatwewillfacesanctionsifwebreakthem._____38_____.Ifapersoncutsthelineordropssomethingthatmakesamessanddoesnothinginresponse,otherspresentmightsanctiontheirbehaviorvisuallywitheyecontactandfacialexpressions,orverbally.Becausetheyguideourbehavior,andwhenbroken,theyenlistareactionthatismeanttoreaffirmthemandtheirculturalimportance.Theyallowustoliveourliveswithanunderstandingofwhatwecanexpectfromthosearoundus._____39_____Withoutnorms,ourworldwouldbeinchaos,andwewouldn’tknowhowtonavigateit.A.Thiswouldbeaformofsocialapproval.B.Assuch,theyhaveaforcingpoweroverus.C.Somenormscanleadtoserioussocialproblems.D.Theeverydayenforcementofthemthoughismostlyunseen.E.Inmanycasestheyallowustofeelsafeandsecure,andtooperateatease.F.Welearnthemthroughspokenandwrittendirective,butalsothroughobservingthosearoundus.G.Theyoperateinoursubconscious,andwedon’tthinkconsciouslyaboutthemunlesstheyarebroken.第三部分书面表达(共两节，32分)第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。InApril2021，mygrandparents’liveswereturnedupsidedowninstantly.Acardroveintotheirhome,literally.Thevehiclewentthroughthefrontwalloftheirhome,throughthelivingroom,andthenhittheborderbetweenthelivingroomandkitchen.Mygrandfatherwasstandinginfrontoftherefrigerator;thecarhittingthewallthrewhimacrossthekitchen.Hewasinseriousconditionandunabletowalk.Wewereallsoworriedabouthim.Howwouldhedealwithsomethingsoawfulhappeningathisage?Butwhatsurprisedeveryonewashowpositivemygrandfatherremainedthroughouttheentirething.Hewasgratefulhewasalivewhentheaccidentcouldhavequicklytakenhislife.Hetaughtusthatevenwhenlifegetsyoudown,youhavetobegratefulforthethingsyoudohaveratherthandwellingonthethingsyoudon’thave.Eventhoughhec