职称英语卫生类b级模拟13

职称英语卫生类B级模拟13

第1部分：词汇选项

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接

近的选项。

1>Thesearetheirmotivesfordoingit.

A.reasonsB.excusesC.answersD.plans

2、Theriverwidensconsiderablyasitbeginstoturnwest.

A.twistsB.stretchesC.broadensD.bends

3、Henrycannotresistthelureofdrugs.

A.abuseB.flavorC.temptationD.

consumption

4、Theseprogrammesareofimmensevaluetooldpeople.

A.naturalB.fatalC.tinyD.

enormous

5、Agreatdealhasbeendonetoremedythesituation.

A.maintainB.improveC.assessD.

protect

6、JohniscollaboratingwithMaryinwritinganarticle.

A.cooperatingB.competingC.combiningD.

arguing

7、Heisdeterminedtoconsolidatehispower.

A.strengthenB.controlC.abandonD.

exercise

8、Manyscientistshavebeenprobingpsychologicalproblems.

A.solvingB.exploringC.settlingD.

handling

9、Hearingproblemsmaybealleviatedbychangesindietandexercisehabits.

A.removedB.curedC.worsenedD.

relieved

10NAndthecarsaretestedfordefectsbeforeleavingthefactory.

A.functionsC.motionsB.faultsD.

parts

11>Thefoodisinsufficientforthreepeople.

A.instantB.infiniteC.inexpensiveD.

inadequate

12>Thousandsofpeopleperishedinthestorm.

A.diedB.sufferedC.floatedD.

scattered

13>Butintheendheapprovedofourproposal.

A.undoubtedlyB.certainlyC.ultimatelyD.

necessarily

14、Foryoungchildren,gettingdressedisacomplicatedbusiness.

A.strangeB.complexC.personalD.

funny

15>InBritainandmanyothercountriesappraisalisnowatoolofmanagement.

A.evaluationB.efficiencyC.productionD.

publicity

第2部分：阅读判断

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句

提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信

息文中没有提及，请选择C。

AnObservationandanExplanation

Itisworthlookingatoneortwoaspectsofthewayamotherbehavestowards

herbaby.Theusualfondling,cuddlingandcleaningrequirelittlecomment,

butthepositioninwhichsheholdsthebabyagainstherbodywhenresting

isratherrevealing.Carefulstudieshaveshownthefactthat80percentof

mothersholdtheirinfantsintheirleftarmszholdingthemagainsttheleft

sideoftheirbodies.Ifaskedtoexplainthesignificanceofthispreference

mostpeoplereplythatitisobviouslytheresultofthepredominanceof

right-handednessinthepopulation.Byholdingthebabiesintheirleftarmsz

themotherskeeptheirdominantarmfreeformanipulations.Butadetailed

analysisshowsthatthisisnotthecase.True,thereisaslightdifference

betweenright-handedandleft-handedfemales；butnotenoughtoprovideadequate

explanation.Itemergesthat83percentofright-handedmothersholdthebaby

ontheleftsidezbutsodo78percentofleft-handedmothers.Inotherwords,

only22percentoftheleft-handedmothershavetheirdominanthandsfree

foractions.Clearlytheremustbesomeother,lessobviousexplanation.

Theonlyothercluecomesfromthefactthattheheartisonthesideof

themother1sbody.Coulditbethatthesoundofherheartbeatisthevital

factor?Andinwhatway?Thinkingalongtheselinesitwasarguedthatperhaps

duringitsexistenceinsidethebodyofthemothertheunbornbabygetused

tothesoundoftheheartbeat.Ifthisisso,thenthere-discoveryofthis

familiarsoundafterbirthmighthaveaclaimingeffectontheinfant,especially

asithasjustbeenbornintoastrangeandfrighteninglynewworld.Ifthis

issothenthemotherwould,somehow,soonarriveatthediscoverythather

babyismoreatpeaceifheldontheleftagainstherheartthanontheright.

16>Wecanlearnalotbyobservingthepositioninwhichamotherholdsher

babyagainstherbody.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Mostleft-handedwomenfeelcomfortablebyholdingtheirbabiesintheir

leftarmandkeeptherightarmfree.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18NThenumberofright-handedmotherswhoholdthebabyontheleftside

exceedsthatofleft-handedonesby22%.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、Thefactthatmostleft-handedmothersholdthebabyontheirleftside

rendersthefirstexplanationunsustainable.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Thefactthattheheartisontheleftsideofthemother1sbodyprovides

themostconvincingexplanationofall.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21、Ababyheldintherightarmofitsmothercanbeeasilyfrightened.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22>Thewriter'sexplanationofthephenomenonissupportedbythefactthat

babiestendtobemorepeacefulifheldintheirmothers*leftarmsthanin

therightarms.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：第23〜26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2〜5段每段

选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27〜30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选

项。

MuseumsintheModern

World

1.Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivilegedfew

orforboredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionanddemocracyare

wordsusedindescriptionsofmuseumsnow.

2.AtasciencemuseuminOntario,Canadazyoucanfeelyourhairstandon

endasharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitan

Museum,ofArtinNewYorkCity,youcanlookat17thcenturyinstruments

whilelisteningtotheirmusic.AttheModemMuseuminSweden,youcanput

oncostumesprovidedbytheStockholmOpera.Astheseexamplesshow,museums

arereachingouttonewaudienceszparticularlytheyoungzthepoor,andthe

lesseducatedmembersofthepopulation.Asaresult,attendanceis

increasing.

3.Moreandmore,museumsdirectorsarerealizingthatpeoplelearnbestwhen

theycansomehowbecomepartofwhattheyareseeing.Inmanysciencemuseums,

forexample,therearenoguidedtours.Thevisitorisencouragedtotouch,

listen,operate,andexperimentsoastodiscoverscientificprinciplesfor

himself.Hecanhavetheexperienceofoperatingaspaceshipoxacomputer.

Hecanexperimentwithglassblowingandpapermaking.Thepurposeisnot

onlytoprovidefunbutalsotohelppeoplefeelathomeintheworldofscience.

Thetheoryisthatpeoplewhodonotunderstandsciencewillprobablyfear

itzandthosewhofearsciencewillnotuseittobestadvantage.Manymuseums

nowprovideeducationalservicesandchildren1sdepartments.Inadditionto

theusualdisplays,theyalsoofferfilmshowingsanddanceprograms.Instead

ofbeingplacesthatone"should"visitztheyareplacestoenjoy.

4.Onecauseofallthesechangesistheincreaseinwealthandleisuretime.

Anothercauseistherisingpercentageofyoungpeopleinthepopulation.

Manyoftheseyoungpeoplearecollegestudentsorcollegegraduates.They

arebettereducatedthantheir.parents.Theyseethingsinanewanddifferent

way.Theyarenotcontenttostandandlookatworksofart；theywantart

theycanparticipatein.Thesameistrueofscienceandhistory.IntheUS,

certaingroupswhoformerlyweretoopoortocareaboutanythingbeyondthe

basicneedsofdailylifearenow.becomingcuriousabouttheworldaround

them.Theyoungpeopleinthesegroupszlikeyoungpeopleingeneralzhave

benefitedfromabettereducationthantheirparentsreceived.Allthesegroups,

andtherestofthepopulationaswellzhavebeeninfluencedbytelevision,

whichhastaughtthemaboutotherplacesandothertimes.

5.Theeffectofallthishasbeentochangeexistingmuseumsandtoencourage

thebuildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalone,therearenowmorethan

6,z000museumszalmosttwiceasmanyastherewere25yearsago.Abouthalf

ofthemaxedevotedtohistory,andtherestareevenlydividedbetweenthe

artsandsciences.Thenumberofvisitors,accordingtotheAmericanAssociation

ofmuseumszhasrisentomorethan700millionayear.

6.Infact,thecrowdsofvisitorsatsomemuseumsarecreatingamajorproblem.

Admissiontomuseumshasalwaysbeeneitherfreeorveryinexpensive,but

nowsomemuseumsarechargingentrancefeesforthefirsttimeorraising

theirprices.Evenwhenraised,however,entrancefeesaregenerallytoolow

tosupportamuseum,withitsusuallylargebuildinganditshighlytrained

staff.

23>Paragraph2

A.CausesofChanges

B.IncreasingNumberofMuseumsandVisitors

C.MuseumsGettingClosertoMoreSpectators

D.MoviesShowninMuseums

E.NewNotionsabouttheManagementofMuseums

F.PlacestoVisit

24、Paragraph3

25>Paragraph4

26、Paragraph5

27>Nowmuseumsarenolongerrestrictedtotheprivilegedfew,but

A.havehigherdemandsofmuseums

B.areopentomorepeoplewithdifferentsocialbackground

C.tolengthentheiropeninghours

D.chargetoolittleforadmission

E.havebeenbuiltandopentopublic

F.byloweringtheadmissionfees

28、Withthedevelopmentofsociety,people,especiallytheyoungpeople,

29、Tomeettheneedsofsociety,moremuseums

30、Twomajorproblemsformuseumsarethattheyhavetoomanyvisitorsand

they

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一答

AdaptationofLivingThings

Certainanimalsandplantsdevelopcharacteristicsthathelpthemcope

withtheirenvironmentbetterthanothersoftheirkind.Thisnaturalbiological

processiscalledadaptation.Amongthesuperiorcharacteristicsdeveloped

throughadaptationarethosethatmayhelpingettingfoodorshelter,in

providingprotection,andinproducingandprotectingtheyoung.Thatresults

intheevolutionofmoreandmoreorganismsthatarebetterfittedtotheir

environments.

Eachlivingthingisadaptedtoitswayoflifeinageneralway,buteach

isadaptedespeciallytoitsowndistinctclass.Aplantzforexample,depends

uponitsrootstofixitselffirmlyandtoabsorbwaterandinorganicchemicals.

Itdependsuponitsgreenleavesforusingthesun*senergytomakefoodfrom

inorganicchemicals.Thesearegeneraladaptations,commontomostplants.

Inaddition,therearespecialadaptationsthatonlycertainkindsofplants

have.

Manyanimalshaveadaptationsthathelpthemescapefromtheirenemies.

Someinsectsarehiddenbytheirbodycolororshape,andmanylooklikea

leaforalittlebranch.Thecoatsofdeerarecoloredtomixwiththesurroundings

Manyanimalshavetheabilitytoremaincompletelystillwhenanenemyis

near.

Organismshaveagreatvarietyofwaysofadapting.Theymayadaptintheir

structurezfunction,andgenetics；intheirdevelopmentandproductionof

theyoung；andinotherrespects.Anorganismmaycreateitsownenvironment,

asdowarm-bloodedmammals,whichhavetheabilitytoadjustbodyheatexactly

tomaintaintheiridealtemperaturedespitechangingweather.Usually

adaptationsareanadvantage,butsometimesanorganismissowelladapted

toaparticularenvironmentthat,ifconditionschange,itfindsitdifficult

orimpossibletoreadapttothenewconditions.

31、Someplantsandanimalsdevelopsuperiorcharacteristicssothatthey

may

A.helpothersoftheirkindgetfood,shelterandotherthingsneeded.

B.surviveeveninextremelyseverecondition.

C.becomebetteradaptedtotheenvironmentsthanothersoftheirkind.

D.resultintheevolutionandproductionofmoreintelligentorganisms.

32、Inthefirstparagraph,thewordnenvironments"couldbestbereplaced

by

A."contexts".

B."surroundings.

C."neighbors',.

D."enemies".

33、Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatthefeathersofabirdcare

colored?

A.tofrighteneditsenemies.

B.toattractitsenemies.

C.toadjustitsbodyheat.

D.tomatchitsenvironment.

34、Whichofthefollowingisnotdirectlymentioned?

A.Alivingthingmayadaptinitsstructure.

B.Anorganismmayadaptinitsfunction.

C.Alivingcreaturemayadaptinitsgeneticmakeup.

D.Alivingorganismmayadaptinitssleepinghabit.

35、Theauthorcitesthebehaviorofwarm-bloodedmammalsinordertoillustrate

whichofthefollowing?

A.Alivingthingmayhavetheabilitytocreateanenvironmentofits

own.

B.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytoremainstillwhenanenemy

isnear.

C.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytomakefoodfromitsinorganic

chemicals.

D.Alivingcreaturemayhavetheabilitytochangethecolorofitsskin.

弟一^扁

PotatoesGivesYourImmuneSystema

Boost

Eatingpotatoesisnotonlygoodforbowelhealth,butalsoforthewhole

immuneSystem,especiallywhentheycomeintheformOfapotatosalador

eatenCold.InastudyonananimalmodelzresearchersinSpainfoundthat

pigsfedlargequantitiesofrawpotatostarch(RPS)notonlyhadahealthier

bowelzbutalsodecreasedlevelsofwhitebloodcellszsuchasleucocytes

andlymphocytesintheirblood.Whitebloodcellsareproducedasaresult

ofinflammationordiseasezgenerallywhenthebodyischallenged.

Thegeneraldown-regulationofleucocytesobservedbytheSpanish

researcherssuggestsanoverallbeneficialeffectzagenerallymorehealthy

body.Thereductioninleucocytelevelswasabout15percent.Lowerlymphocyte

levelsarealsoindicativeofreducedlevelsofinflammation,buttheobserved

reductioninbothlymphocytedensityandlymphocyteapoptosisissurprising.

Inwhatwasthelongeststudyofitskind,pigswerefedRPSover14weeks

tofindouttheeffectofstarchonbowelhealth.nTheuseof：rawpotato

starchinthisexperimentisdesignedtosimulatetheeffectsofadiethigh

inresistantstarch,nsaidstudyleaderJoseFranciscoPerezattheUniversitat

AutonomadeBarcelona,Spain.

Humansdonoteatrawpotatoeszbuttheydoeatalotoffoodsthatcontain

resistantstarch,suchascoldboiledpotatoes,legumes,grains,greenbananas,

pastaandcereals.About10percentofthestarcheatenbyhumanisresistant

starch--starchthatisnotdigestedinthesmallintestineandsoisshunted

in-tothelargeintestinewhereitferments.Starchconsumptionisthought

toreducetheriskoflargebowelcancerandmayalsohaveaneffectonirritable

bowelsyndrome(IBS).

ImmunologyexpertLenaOhman1steampreviouslyfoundthattheoverall

lymphocytelevelsdonotvaryforIBSpatients,butthatlymphocytesare

transferredfromtheperipheralbloodtothegut,whichsupportthehypothesis

ofIBSbeingatleastpartiallyaninflammatorydisorder.Shesaysthedecrease

inlymphocytesobservedbytheSpanishisthereforeinteresting,andadiet

ofresistantstarchmaybeworthtryinginIBSpatients.Ohmaniscurrently

attheDepartmentofInternalMedicine,GoteborgUniversity,Sweden.Thestudy

ispublishedinthejournalChemistryandIndustry,themagazineoftheSCI.

36、Whatformofpotatoisthemostnutrienttothehumanbody?

A.Potatosoup.

B.Potatocake.

C.Potatosalad.

D.Hotboiledpotato.

37、Whatdoesthereductioninleucocytelevelsinthebodymean?

A.Itmaymeanthereducedlevelsofinflammation.

B.Itmaymeansomewhereinthebodyisinflamed.

C.Itmeansthatthebodyischallenged.

D.Itmeansthatthebodycannotproduceleucocytesanymore.

38、Forwhatapurposedidtheresearchersuserawpotatostarchintheir

experiment?

A.Theywantedtoobservehowtheleucocytelevelsreducedintheexperimental

pigs.

B.Theywantedtosimulatetheeffectsofadiethighinresistantstarch.

C.Theywantedtoseehowmuchpotatoanexperimentalpigateeveryday.

D.Theywantedtoseehowmuchbodyweighteachexperimentalpiggained

intheend.

39、AllofthefollowingfoodsarerichinresistantstarchEXCEPT

A.pasta.

B.grains.

C.legumes.

D.vegetables.

40、Whatakindofstarchisresistantstarchafterall?

A.Itmaycauseirritablebowelsyndrome.

B.Itmaybringaboutatleastpartiallyinflammatorydisorder.

C.Itmayraiseleucocyteandlymphocytelevelsinthebody.

D.Itcannotbedigestedinthesmallintestineandfermentsinthelarge

intestine.

第二篇

HighStressMayDamage

Memory

AccordingtoareportissuedinMay1998,elderlypeoplewhohaveconsistently

highbloodlevelsofcortisoldon11scoreaswellonmemorytestsastheir

peerswithlowerlevelsofthestresshormone.What1smore,highlevelsof

cortisolarealsoassociatedwithshrinkingofthehippocampuszaregionof

thebrainthatplaysakeyroleinlearningandmemory.

Thefindingssuggestthatevencortisollevelsinthenormal,"healthy"

rangecanactuallyacceleratebrainaging.

Thestudyresults"nowprovidesubstantialevidencethatlong-termexposure

toadrenalstresshormonesmaypromotehippocampalaginginnormalelderly

humansz"writeNadaPorterandPhilipLand-fieldoftheUniversityofKentucky

inLexingtonintheireditorialCortisolisahormonereleasedinresponse

tostressbytheadrenalglandszwhichsitontopofthekidneys.

OveraSto6-yearperiod,Dr.SoniaLupienandhiscolleaguesmeasured

24-hourcortisollevelsin51healthyvolunteers,mostofwhomwereintheir

70s.

Despitewidevariationincortisollevelsztheparticipantscouldbedivided

intothreesubgroups：thosewhosecortisolprogressivelyincreasedovertime

andwascurrentlyhigh(increasing/high)~thosewhosecortisolprogressively

increasedovertimeandwascurrentlymoderate(increasing/moderate)；and

subjectswhosecortisoldecreased,butwascurrentlymoderate

(decreasing/moderate).

Theresearcherstestedthevolunteers*memoryonsixpeopleinthe

increasing/highcategoryandfivepeopleinthedecreasing/moderategroup.

Thegroupsdidnotdifferontestsofimmediatememory,buttheincreasing/high

cortisolgrouphadothermemoryproblemscomparedwiththoseinthedecreasing/

moderategroup.

Theresearchersalsofoundthatthetotalvolumeofthehippocampusin

thoseintheincreasing/highgroupwas14%lowerthanthoseinthe

decreasing/moderategroupzalthoughtherewerenodifferencesinotherbrain

regions.

Theresultssuggestthat"...brainagingcanbeacceleratedbylevelsof

adrenalhormonesthatarenotgenerallyregardedaspathologicalandthat

variationwithinthisnormalrangeisrelatedtovariationintherateof

brainaging,nwritePorterandLandfield."Thisfurthersuggeststhatchronic

stressmayacceleratetheworseningofhippocampus.,

41>Thepartofthebrainimportantforaperson7slearningandmemoryis

A.thecortisol.B.theadrenalglands.

C.thestresshormones.D.thehippocampus.

42、Whenthelevelsofcortisolgohigher,thehippocampusinthebrainmay

A.becomelarger.B.becomesmaller.

C.disappearcompletely.D.betotallydamaged.

43、Accordingtothearticle,whenpeoplefeeltooworriedornervousorwhen

theyoverwork,

A.theadrenalglandswillproduceastresshormon