认知心理学智慧树知到期末考试答案章节答案2024年西南大学

认知心理学智慧树知到期末考试答案+章节答案2024年西南大学Attentionistheconcentrationofmentaleffortonsensoryormentalevents.（）

答案:对Featureanalysisassertsthatpatternrecognitionoccursonlyafterstimulihavebeenanalyzedaccordingtotheirsimplecomponents.Datefromneurologicalandbehavioralexperimentslendsupporttothishypothesis.（）

答案:对Visualpatternrecognitioninhumansinvolvesvisualanalysisofinputstimuliandlong-termmemorystorage.（）

答案:对Falsememoriesaredefinedasreconstructedstories(withorwithoutawareness).（）

答案:对Theterm"expertsystems"referstostatisticalsoftware.（）

答案:对Themaintheoreticalorganizationonhowinformationiscodedincludes:（）

答案:theconceptual-propositionalhypothesis###thefunctional-equivalencehypothesis###thedualcodinghypothesisWhichofthefollowingisoneofChomsky'sgrammarprinciples?（）

答案:languagehasanunderlyingstructurerelatedtothemeaningofsentences.###theunderlyingstructuresoflanguagereflectinnateorganizingprinciplesofcognition.###theunderlyingstructurecontainselementscommontoalllanguages.###languageisagenerativesystem.WhichofthefollowingwasoneofthecategoriesBartlettusesinhisanalysis?（）

答案:researchparticipantattitude###omissions###Rationalization###transformationofsequenceLTMisthoughtto:（）

答案:besubjecttointerferenceeffects###lastalifetime###includebothspecificandgeneralinformation###beunlimitedWhichexplainthefunctionofforgettinginSTMaccordingtoWaughandNorman'sexperimentofdualistmodel：（）

答案:Itemsarereplacedbynewernumbers###Forgettingisafunctionofinterference.###STMisacapacity-limitedsystem.ThetechniqueusedbyEbbinghaustostudymemoryincludedinthefollowing:（）

答案:Ebbinghauswastheonlyresearchparticipant###heusedconsonant-vowel-consonantsequences###hewasinterestedinforgetting###hewouldmemorizemanylistsofnonsensesyllablesExperimentalworkhasshownthatSTMincludes:（）

答案:anauditorycode###avisualcode###asemanticcodeThinkingisaprocessinvolvingallofthefollowing:（）.

答案:problemsolving###reasoning###rememberingAninteractiveactivationmodelofletterandwordperceptionisbasedonwhichlevels:（）

答案:secondary###tertiary###primaryCurrentlytheprinciplecontroversyinimageryisbetweenthosewhoproposethatimageryis________andthosewhobelieveittobe________.（）

答案:visual;###propositionalMemorycanbeexaminedintermsofprocessesorintermsofitsneurologicalbasis.Metaphoricallythememorycanbethoughtifas:（）

答案:software###hardwareWhichoneistrueofthosestatementsaboutshort-termmemory?（）

答案:Typicalrelease-form-PIexperimentsisshowedthatSTMismainlycodedbysemantics.###Theshort-termmemoryismainlycodedbysemantics.AtkinsonandShiffrin'smodelofmemoryuses:（）

答案:controlprocessors###LTS###STS###rehearsalbuffersOnepossiblefunctionoftheiconicandechoicperceptualstores(asoutlinedinthetext)isthattheymightallowus:（）

答案:theopportunitytoextractinformationtobeusedforfurtherprocessingFunctionalfixednessreferstotheideathat:（）

答案:itisdifficulttouseanobjectinanunfamiliarwayPatternrecognitioninhumansinvolves:（）

答案:alloftheaboveAristotle'ssystemofreasoningiscalledthe:（）

答案:syllogismHubelhasconcludedthatthedevelopmentofcorticalcodesofperceptualformswas:（）.

答案:innateandspecifictoeachcellIthasbeenshownthatdiagramsorvisualmodelsinlogicalproblemsolving:（）

答案:assistevennovicesinarrivingatavalidconclusionThereasonweselectivelyattendisoftenattributedto:（）

答案:theinabilitytoprocessallsensorycuessimultaneouslyTheexperimentofsubtractingreactiontimeisthefirstresearchparadigmdesignedbyapsychologistcalled（）.

答案:DondersThelinguistic-relativityhypothesisholdsthat:（）

答案:one'slanguageinfluencesone'sperceptionandconceptualizationofrealityPrimeshaveaneffectonsubsequentperformance:（）

答案:evenwhentheresearchparticipantisunawareofthecauseThedurationoficonicstorageseemstobe:（）

答案:about250millisecondsResearchhasshownthatveryyounginfants(about10monthsold)areableto:（）

答案:formabstractprototypesHowisMEGdifferentfromotherneurologicalsensingtechniques?（）

答案:MEGprovidesthemostaccurateresolutionofnervecellactivityThe"scheme,"asdefinedbyPiaget,is:（）

答案:amentalrepresentationincorporatingnumerousactionsForautomaticprocessingtooccur,theremustbe:（）

答案:Freeflowofinformationfrommemorytotheperson’scontrolofactionsVisualinformationconnectedtotherighthemisphereisreceivedfrom________.（）

答案:therightsideoftheretinaMemoryacrossthelifespan:（）

答案:isselectiveforeventsandtimeperiodsinlife.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTdescribeacodeinSTM?（）

答案:mechanicalNeisserpublishedthefirstmonographentitled"cognitivepsychology"in（）.

答案:1967WhichtechnicisusedinconjunctionwithEGGorMEGtoevaluatetheeffectsofchangesinbrainelectricalactivityonperceivingandthinking？（）

答案:TMSAllofthefollowingistrueaboutPosner's1969studiesexcept:（）

答案:theywereexaminingsemanticcodesinSTMWhichofthefollowingisnotcapacitylimitedcognitivesystem？（）

答案:LTMGeorgeMillerwroteaninfluentialpaperona"magicalnumber."Whatisthatnumber?（）

答案:7Sperling'sexperimentaltechniqueinvolveddisplayingthreerowsofthreeletterseach,followedbyahigh,medium,oralowtone.Thetonesservedto:（）

答案:cuetheresearchparticipanttorecallthefirst,secondandthirdrowofletters,respectivelyWhohasbeenacknowledgedasFatherofAmericanPsychology？（）

答案:WilliamJamesWhenpatternrecognitionisconceptuallydrivenandfirstinitiatedbythewholepatternitwouldbeconsideredtobe:（）

答案:"top-down"processingWhichofthefollowingmodelsbetterexplainsthe"cocktailpartyeffect"?（）

答案:ThefiltermodelThecapacityofSTMcanbeincreasedifstimuliare:（）

答案:chunkedTheinfantsuptooneyearofagedonotseemtoexhibit:（）

答案:pretendplaySupportforthefeatureanalysisargumentofpatternperceptioncanbefoundintheresearchof________onthevisualcortex.（）

答案:HubelandWieselArrangetwodifferentreactiontimeassignments(tasks),Oneoftheassignmentscontainsafactorthatisnotavailableforanotherassignment,andinotheraspectsareallthesame,fromthereactionofthetwoassignmentswhentodeterminethedifferencebetweenthecorrespondingprocessing,calledthiskindofresearchparadigm.（）

答案:experimentofsubtractingreactiontimeCanonicperspectivesare:（）

答案:viewsthatbestrepresentasingleobjectConceptisthemostbasicunitofthinking.（）

答案:对Accordingtowhethermemorycanberealized,itcanbedividedinto:（）

答案:Explicitmemory###ImplicitmemoryHumantimeperceptionis（）

答案:Social###Conscious###HistoricTheprocessingofmemoryincludesencoding,storageandretrieval.（）

答案:对Theassessmentoftheexperimentincludes:（）

答案:Independentexperimentaldesign###Experimentalreport###Attendance###ExperimentaloperationThoughtreferstothegeneralprocessofconsideringanissue,whilelogicisthescienceofthinking.（）

答案:对Oneoftheoldestandmosttraditionaltheoriesofconceptacquisitionisbehaviorallearningtheory.Itrestsontheprincipleof:（）

答案:associationTheprobabilitythatnewinformationistrueifaparticularhypothesisistrueiscalled:（）

答案:conditionalprobabilityThomasBayesprovidedamathematicalmodelthatprovidesamethodfor:（）

答案:evaluatinghypothesesofchangingprobabilisticvaluesIneverydaylifewefrequentlymakedecisionsonthebasisof（）.

答案:inductivereasoningGestaltpsychologistsapproachedproblemsolvingintermsof:（）

答案:anorganizedsystemCreativityinvolves:（）

答案:anewornovelwayofviewingaproblemConvergentthinkingmovesinastraightforwardmannertoaparticularconclusion.（）

答案:对Problemsolvinginvolvesboth:（）

答案:theformationofresponsesandselectionamongpossibleresponsesWhichofthefollowingisNOTpartofSternberg'ssixfacetsofcreativity?（）

答案:heritabilityDevelopmentalcognitivepsychologyhasbeengreatlyinfluencedbytheworkofPiagetandVygotsky.（）

答案:对OneoftheimportantcontributionsmadebySternbergandhistheoriesofintelligenceisthat:（）

答案:thereisnotasingletypeofintelligence,butthereareseveralspecializedsubtypesTheintelligencetheoryofSternbergiscalled:（）

答案:thetriarchictheoryofintelligenceThatwetendtoperceivethingsintermsoftheirfamiliarusesiscalled:（）

答案:functionalfixedness"g"factoris:（）

答案:ageneralfactorinintelligenceLinguistsareprimarilyinterestedin:（）

答案:developingadescriptiveframeworkofalanguageBransfordandFranks("Theantsatethesweetjelly")foundthatresearchparticipants:（）

答案:combinedinformationfromsemanticallyrelatedsentencesinanabstractformLDTstandsforLexical-DecisionTask.（）

答案:对Thesecondmostimportantletterinaword,asfarasinformationalloadingisconcerned,tendstobethe:（）

答案:lastletterinawordTheconceptofan"innate"languagemeansthat:（）

答案:wehaveaninnateschemeforprocessinginformationandformingabstractstructuresofourlanguageInthestoryaboutahomedescribedtoaprospectivehomebuyeroraburglar(Anderson&Pichert)itwasfoundthattheprospectivehomebuyerrememberedmoreaboutthe________andtheburglarrememberedmoreaboutthe________.（）

答案:leakyroof;coincollectionResearchonarticlesummarizations(e.g.,KintschandvanDijk)suggeststhatresearchparticipantstendtolose________afterashorttimebutretain________.（）

答案:details;gistPermanentamnesiacanbecausedby:（）

答案:encephalitis###prolongeduseofelectroconvulsiveshocktherapy###severetraumas###strokeTwotypesofamnesiaare:（）

答案:fastdevelopingB.organic###slowdevelopingAnterogradeamnesiaistheinabilitytoencodeinformationaftertraumaticevents.（）

答案:对Thecodingsofhumanshort-termmemorybasicallyinclude（）.

答案:auditorycoding###semanticcoding###visualcodingFacialcognizanceisasuperficialformoffacialcomprehension.（）

答案:错ThePetersonandPeterson(1959)experimentonSTMindicatedthat:（）

答案:forgettinginSTMoccursifresearchparticipantsdonotrehearse###STMisseverelylimitedincapacityItiscommonlyheldthatSTMholds:（）

答案:7itemsIfaresearchparticipantconfusedavisuallypresented"P"witha"V"inSTMwemightconcludebasedonthisevidencethatSTMcodes:（）

答案:auditoryinformationConsciousnessistherealizationofenvironmentalstimuliandthecognizanceofmentalevents.（）

答案:对Thefocusofrecenteffortsinthestudyofattentionandthehumanbrainhasbeenon:（）

答案:mappingbrainareaswithattentionalprocessesTothoroughlyunderstandthenatureofthebraininattentionitisnecessarytoconsiderthetopicsof:（）

答案:awarenessandconsciousnessInTreisman'sattenuationmodel,theselectivefilterislikea/an()ineffect.（）

答案:volumecontrolmakingthestimulussofterAutomaticityisevaluatedbycomparingsingletaskperformancewithadualtasksituationknownas:（）

答案:adividedattentiontaskAccordingtoWertheimer,somepatternsseemtobe"naturally"organized.Thisisaprincipleof:（）.

答案:GestaltpsychologyWhat'sthetrueofPatternrecognition?（）

答案:PatternrecognitioninvolvesacomplexinteractionbetweenSTM,LTM,andacognitivesearchforidentificationoffstimuli.Canonicperspectiveviewsthatbestrepresentanobjectoraretheimagesthatfirstcometomindwhenyourecallaform.（）

答案:对Readingtheletter‘S’inseveraldifferentfonts,severalofwhichhavenotbeenseenbefore,contradictswhattheory?（）

答案:TemplatematchingWhichoneisnotthetheoryofpatternrecognition?（）

答案:patternrecognitionistochooseaconceptandcompareitwithstimulus.Top-downprocessingisprimarilyinitiatedbyahypothesisaboutthewhole,whichleadstoitsidentificationandsubsequentrecognitionoftheparts.（）

答案:对Whatdoesperceptualtheoryinclude?（）

答案:Constructiveperceptiontheory###Directperceptiontheorywhat'stheillusorycontours?（）

答案:Visualillusionsareusefulstimuliforstudyingtheneuralbasisofperceptionbecausetheyhijackthevisualsystem’sinnatemechanismsforinterpretingthevisualworldundernormalconditions.###Thevisualillusoryinvolvesgeometricillusion,colorillusionanddistanceillusion.###Oneclassofillusionthatillustratesthewaythemindnaturallyorganizesvisualstimuli.Wenowthinkofsubliminalperceptionas:（）

答案:perceptionofstimulithatareabovethepsychologicallimenbutarenotconsciousThesensorystoreassociatedwithsoundiscalled:（）

答案:echoicstorageWhenastimulusispresentedrepeatedlyuntiltheresearchparticipantnolongerrespondstoit,itiscalled:（）

答案:habituationNeuronalfiringcanbemeasuredusing:（）

答案:event-relatedpotentialrecordingsElectroencephalograph(EEG)recordselectricalsignalsfrom