全国卷2025届高考英语3月高分模拟卷卷4含解析

PAGEPAGE1（全国卷）2025届高考英语3月高分模拟卷（卷4）（含解析）(时间：120分钟满分：120分)选择题部分第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项。A（2024·江苏南通市·海安高级中学高三期末）TheGoogleBrainteamhasbeenworkingoncomputingsystemscalled“neuralnetworks”—systemsthatweredesignedbasedonhowneuronsworkinthehumanbrain.Thistime,theygaveamissiontothreeoftheneuralnetworks,whichtheynamedAlice,BobandEve.Eachofthenetworkshaditsownjob—AlicesentmessagestoBob,Evetriedto“eavesdrop”(偷听)andfindoutthemessages,andAliceandBobhadtofigureoutawaytohidethemessagesfromEve.AllthehelpthatAliceandBobgotfromtheresearchersbeforethemissionbeganwasmadeupofasetofnumbers,whichEvedidn’thaveaccessto.Atfirst,Alicewasnotverygoodatsendingsecretmessages.Butslowlyitworkedonawaytoencrypt(加密)them—puttinginformationintoaspecialcodesothatotherscouldnotunderstanditiftheygottheinformation—usinghenumbersgivenbyresearchers.Andafterpractice,Bobalsocametobeabletodecrypt(解密)Alice’smessages.Withoutthenumbersorkeys,EvefailedtounderstandAlice’s“speech”mostofthetime.Thistestisconsideredabigstepinthedevelopmentofcomputers’learningskills.“Computingwithneuralnetworksonthisscalehasonlybecomepossibleinthelastfewyears,sowetrulyareatthebeginningofwhat’spossible,”JoeSturonasofUSencryptioncompanyPKWAREtoldNewScientistmagazine.Unfortunately,thetesthappenedonlyoneweekafterUKphysicistStephenHawking,WhilespeakingatCambridgeUniversity,warnedhowAI(artificialintelligence)coulddevelopawillofitsown.Thiscouldbe“eitherthebestortheworstthingevertohappentohumanbeing”,hesaid.ButjustasSturonaspointedout,nomatterwhatthepossibilitiesofcomputersareinthefuture,theyarejuststartingout.Westillhaveplentyoftimetoworkoutasolutionbeforetheygetanywherenearbecomingathreattohumanity.1．Forwhatpurposewasthetestconducted?A．Tostudyhowneuronsworkinthehumanbrain.B．Tostudyhowcomputingsystemsworkandlearn.C．Tofindoutamoreeffectivewaytokeepsecrets.D．Tofindoutamorepowerfulwaytobreakthecodes.2．Howdoesthecomputingsystemworkinthetest?A．encrypting—messages—code—messages—decryptingB．messages—encrypting—code—decrypting—messagesC．code—messages—encrypt—decrypting—messagesD．messages—code—decrypting—encrypting—messages3．WhatcanwelearnfromHawking’swarning?A．AImustbeablessing. B．AIshouldbeforbidden.C．AIissuretobeafailure. D．AIisadouble-edgedsword.4．What’sSturonasattitudetowardsthedevelopmentofAI?A．Hopeful. B．Doubtful.C．Puzzled. D．Panicked.B（2024·全国高三专题练习）Astudyofmorethanfivemillionbooks,bothfictionandnon-fiction,hasfoundamarkeddeclineintheuseofemotionalwordsovertime.TheresearchersformtheUniversityofBristolusedGoogleNgramViewer,anonlinedatabaseforfindingthefrequencyoftermsinscannedbooks,tolookformorethan600particularwordsidentifiedasrepresentinganger,dislike,fear,joy,sadnessandsurprise.Theyfoundthatalmostallofthecategoriesshowedadropinthese“moodwords”overtime.Onlyinthecategoryoffearwasthereanincreaseinusage.“Itisasteadyandcontinuousdecline,”saidDrAlbertoAcerbi.Heassumedthattheresultmightbeexplainedbyachangeinthepositionoccupiedbyliterature,inacrowdedmedialandscape.“Onethingcouldbethatinparalleltobooksthe20thcenturysawthestartofothermedia.Maybethesemedia—movies,radio,drama—hadmoreemotionalcontentthanbooks.”Althoughbothjoyandsadnessfollowedthegeneraldownwardstrend,theresearch,publishedinthejournalPLOSOne,foundthattheyalsoexhibitedanotherinterestingbehavior:theratio(比率)betweenthetwovariedgreatly,apparentlymirroringhistoricalevents.DuringtheRoaringTwentiesthejoy-to-sadnessratioreacheditshighestpointthatwouldnotoccuragainuntilbeforetherecentfinancialcrash.Then,in1941,theratioplungedattheheightofWorldWarII.Nevertheless,theresearchersheldareservedopinionabouttheirclaimthattheirresultreflectedwidersocialtrends.Inthepaper,theyevenarguethattheoppositecouldbetrue.“Ithasbeensuggested,forexample,thatitwasthesuppression(压抑)ofdesireinordinaryElizabethanEnglishlifethatincreaseddemandforwriting‘filledwithromance’…perhaps,”theyconclude,“songsandbooksmaynotreflecttherealpopulationanymorethancatwalkmodelsreflecttheaveragebody.”5．Thestudywascarriedoutbywayof_________.A．scanningthebookswithanonlinescanner B．countingthenumberofwordsinthebooksC．searchingdigitizedtextsforemotionalwords D．analyzingdifferenttopicsofthebooks6．Whichofthefollowingisoneoftheresearchfindings?A．Usagedecreasedinallthecategoriesofmoodwords.B．Usageofmostmoodwordskeptfallingovertime.C．Thedeclinewascausedbytheriseofothermedia.D．Theunfavorablepositionofliteratureledtothedecline.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“plunged”probablymean?A．increased B．changed C．dropped D．twisted8．Theresearcherssuspectthat_______________.A．theirresearchresultreflectedwidersocialtrends.B．theirresearchresultwasthecontraryofsocialtrends.C．therewasasuppressionofdesireinElizabethanEnglishlife.D．catwalkmodelsreflectthepopulationbetterthansongsandbooks.C（2024·浙江诸暨中学高三期中）Microaggressionsareminorracialattacks.Gabrielle,a15-year-oldteenager,knowsthepainofmicroaggressionsalltoowell,“WhenIwasintheseventhgrade,thisguytoldmethatmyhairlookedlikearat'snestandIneededtocombit.Itmakesyoufeelawfulandmakesyoufeellikeyouaredismissedanditmakesyoufeelunheard,”shesaid.MicroaggressionsarebeingspokenaboutnowbyyoungblackteenagerslikeGabrielleinlightoftheracialunrestacrossthecountryandamidthenewschoolyear.“We'reprettyforblackgirls,”saidotherblackteenagers,describingmicroaggressionstheyhavefaced.“We'reoutspokentobeblack.”Accordingtoastudy,blackteenagersexperienceanaverageofoverfiveincidentsofdiscriminationaday，specificallyteenagegirls.“Idobelievethatmicroaggressionsandracismarepartofaseriesofcontinuousevents,”Dr.Walkersaid."Experiencingactsofmicroaggressioncanhaveaneffectonself-respect,"shesaid.“Itstartstoaffectanxietyanddepressionandworry."Blackchildrenwhoareexposedtoracismfacehealthriskstoo,withhigherratesofobesity,aswellasdepression,datashows.Therateofsuicideattemptsamongblackteensalsocontinuestorise,whileratesamongotherracialgroupshavefallen.Microaggressionscanalsobecomplicated,especiallyifthepersonwhoisoffendinghasnointentionofbeinghurtful.Walker'sadviceforyoungblackgirlsistobothtakeadeepbreathandalsotrytoeducateotherpeople,whenpossible.“Takeadeepbreathandcenteringyourself,"shesaid.“Theycouldsay,youmaynothaverealizedit,butwhatyousaidishurtful.”Walkersayshismaytakesomepractice,butitisskillthatcanbedeveloped.“Ithinkalotoftimesinoursocietywewanttobeperfectandthingsjustrightforus,butalotoftimes,itdoestakepractice,andthat'sokay.Justkeepatitandleadwithsympathy.”9．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeGabrielle?A．Shethinksmicroaggressionsarenotserious. B．Shebecomesconcernedaboutherhairstyle.C．Shefeelsuncomfortableaboutmicroaggression. D．Shedistinguishesherselfamongblackteengirls.10．HowdoesGabriellesoundwhentalkingofherracialidentity?A．Bitter. B．Sympathetic. C．Angry. D．Proud11．WhatdoesDr.Walkerrecommenddoing?A．Theoffendedblackgirlsshouldvoicetheirfeelingsfrankly.B．Sheadviseshandlingmicroaggressionsanddiscriminationequally.C．Greatimportancemaybeattachedtoblackgirls'mentalhealth.D．Blackteengirlsareadvisedtoignoreunintentionalmicroaggressions.12．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．RacialMicroaggressionsAreSlightandUnintentionalOffencesB．HurtBlackTeenGirlsSpeakOutAboutRacialMicroaggressionsC．MinorMicroaggressionsCausedRacialUnrestacrosstheCountryD．BlackTeenGirlsAreAppealingtotheSocietyforStrongSympathyD（2024·辽宁高三期末）WolffPoetryLiteraryScholarshipAwardsIfyouenjoypoetryandenjoywritingpoetry,thenweinviteyoutosubmitanoriginalpoem.Eachscholarshipweofferwillbetheme-basedandhavespecificrequirements.DescriptionforPoetryScholarshipsTheWolffPoetryLiteraryScholarshipAwardsisopentostudents25yearsoryoungertotheageof12,eitheryouareacurrentgradeorhighschoolstudentwhoislookingforwardtoattendingcollegeorisattendinganundergraduateorgraduatecourseincreativewriting.PoetryScholarshipGuidelines1.Poemscanberhymingornon-rhyming；wedofavornon-rhyming.2.Originalityandexpressiveformaboutemotionsandfeelingsiswhatdigsatoursouls.3.Poemsarejudgedonthebasisofgrammar,originality,creativity,anduniqueness.4.English-languagepoemsonly；wewillnotacceptanythingelse.5.Enterasoftenasyoulike!PoetryScholarshipRulesAllpoemsmustbetheoriginalcreationofthesubmittingauthor.Allrightstothepoemsmustbeownedbytheauthorandshallremainthepropertyoftheauthor.TheauthorgivesWolffPoetryLiteraryMagazinepermissiontopublishanddisplaythepoemontheWeb（inelectronicformonly）ifthepoemischosenasawinnerorfinalist.Winnerswillbecontactedwithin45daysofthedeadlinedate.The$250scholarshipisopentoeveryoneexceptemployeesofWolffPoetryLiteraryMagazineandtheirfamilies.13．Whataretheawardsintendedfor?A．Allstudents. B．Collegestudents.C．Anypoetrylover. D．Studentsagedfrom12to25.14．Whatwillresultindisqualification?A．Arhymingpoem. B．Anoriginalcreation.C．Apoemofauniquestyle. D．ApoemwritteninChinese.15．Whatcanwelearnaboutthewinners?A．Theyhavetoabandonthecopyrightsoftheirpoems.B．Allofthemwillshareatotalof$250scholarship.C．Theirpoemswillbereadontheorganizer’swebsite.D．TheywillbeemployedbyWolffPoetryLiteraryMagazine.其次节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。（2024·江苏常州市·常州高级中学高三月考）ForChristiansaroundtheworld,WednesdayisthebeginningofLent.Itisthefirstdayofasix-weekreligiousobservancebeforetheEasterholiday.Lentisatimeofsacrifice.16．.ButbeforeLentbegins,peoplegetonelastchancetoenjoythemselves.SomeattendcelebrationsontheTuesdaybeforeLent,alsoknownasFatTuesday.Insomecultures,peoplecelebrateFatTuesdaybyeatingasweetbreadtreatcalledpaczki.17．.OnTuesday,thePaczkiDaywastrendingonsocialmedia.Manypeoplesharedphotographsofthesugary,roundtreats.Traditionally,paczkiisfilledwithsweetfruityjamsmadefromplumsandthefruitsoftheroseplant.18．.Itisreportedthatahotdogstandwillservea“ConeyPaczki.”Thatisapieceofmeatinsideofsweetpaczkiinsteadofatraditionalbun.Onecanaddmustard,chiliandevenonions.19．.OtherpeoplecelebratedPaczkiDaybybringinglargeboxesofthetreatstotheiroffice.ATwitteruserpostedaphotoofatleast20paczkiandasked“istheresuchathingastoomanypaczki?”20．.HefoundthematafoodstandinoneDetroitneighborhood,andmadeavideoshowinghispaczki-eatingexperience.A．SoFatTuesdayisalsoknownasPaczkiDay.B．PaczkiarefromPolandandsimilartodoughnuts.C．ButanothermoretraditionalTwitteruserthoughtitwasjustnottherightwaytocelebrateFatTuesday.D．ManyChristiansstopeatingmeatandgiveupsugarandalcoholicdrinks.E.AdoctorfromEgyptwentlookingforhalalpaczki.F.ChristmasisthemainfestivalofChristiansallovertheworld.G.Butthesedays,peoplewillputjustaboutanythinginsidepaczki.第三部分语言学问运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（2024·辽宁辽阳市·高三期末）Wewerefinishingthefirstlesson,justLoriandme.Wehadspentthe21takingbabysteps.Shehadledmedowntheshallowwheelchair-accessslopeintothepool,22metotakeastepdeeper,andthenanother.Ihadbeenafraidofwatermywholelife.Atageforty-four,Ihadno23ofeverenjoyinganybodyofwater.Evenwalkingaroundtheedgeofapoolwasunsettling.I24myfearinordertosaveface,andfewpeople25Ifearedwater.Whenthewaterreachedmychest,LoricouldtellIhadreachedmylimit.Ihad26myfirsteverswimminglesson.Ibreathedasighof27andturnedtowalkbackouttheshallowend.“Let'strygoingthisway,“Lorisaid.Iwas28asIunderstoodwhatshemeant.Shewantedmetowalkalongtheedgeofthepooltothe29end.Ihadseentheblue-paintedblocknumbers.Fiveandahalffeet?Noway!“Just30it,"Loripressed.Asthewaterdepthincreased,Imovedmoreandmore31.Aswenearedthe5-footmark,myprogresswassodifficultthatLori32.ButIinchedon.Ididit!Istoodonthefloorofthefarendofthepool,33withreliefandexcitement.Fivemonthslater,Iswamthelengthofthepool,enjoying34andapplausefromfellowswimmers.Sometimesthebiggestdealofallistowalkintotheshallowendandcomeoutawinneratthe35end,nomatterhowlongittakestogetthere.21．A．hour B．day C．month D．year22．A．forcing B．encouraging C．observing D．protecting23．A．problem B．opinion C．memory D．time24．A．overcame B．fought C．hated D．hid25．A．admitted B．doubted C．knew D．wondered26．A．gotthrough B．heldon C．keptoff D．escapedfrom27．A．fear B．sorrow C．worry D．relief28．A．inspired B．shocked C．ashamed D．amused29．A．right B．left C．opposite D．same30．A．try B．make C．take D．get31．A．slowly B．randomly C．hopelessly D．smoothly32．A．dared B．regretted C．succeeded D．hesitated33．A．trembling B．whispering C．struggling D．wandering34．A．shouts B．tears C．cheers D．laughs35．A．far B．close C．wide D．deep非选择题部分第三部分语言学问运用(共两节，满分30分)其次节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式（2024·上海杨浦区·复旦附中高三月考）Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TraditionalChinesemedicine,practicedforthousandsofyears,ishavingtroublemaintainingtractioninmanypartsofthecountry,saidthepresidentofaTCMhospitalinHenanprovince."Ihavevisitedmanycountiesacrossthecountryandfoundthatmanyofthem36．(nothave)asingleTCMhospital,"saidPangGuomingofKaifengHospitalofTCMinKaifeng."Insomecounties,TCMhospitalsusetheoldbuildingofotherhospitals,whichhavemovedtobiggerandnewbuildings.“TCMisauniquehealthresourceforChina,andmoreeffortshouldbemadetopromoteitsoitplaysa37．(big)partinuniversalhealth-care：ThedevelopmentofTCM38．(expect)toaccelerate,withaguidelinerecentlyapprovedbythetopleadershipaimedatpromotinginnovationandthepassingonofTCMknowledge.EqualimportanceshouldbegiventothedevelopmentofTCMandWesternmedicine39．(promote)theircomplementarynature,saidtheguideline,whichwasreleasedandapprovedinJuly.MoreeffortsshouldbemadetoimprovetheTCMservicesystem,promotehigh-qualitydevelopmentoftheTCMindustryandboostTCMtalentbuilding,40．said.TCMhospitalsandclinicsinChinaprovidednearby1.1billionpatientserviceslastyear,ariseof5.2percentcomparedwith2024.However,modemhospitalsprovidethemajorityofservices,withtotalpatientservicesprovidedbyhospitalsandclinics--includingmodernmedicineandTCMhospitalsandclinics–41．(reach)7.5billioninthefirst11monthsoflastyear,ayear-on-yearriseof3.2percent."Comparedwith42．modernmedicineisregarded,manylocalauthoritiesstillhavenotgivenenoughimportancetoTCMdevelopment."Meanwhile,manypeopletendtoevaluateempirical(阅历主义的)TCMwithstandards43．(mean)formodernmedicine,whichisalsoamajorobstacletoTCMdevelopmentandrecognition,"Pangsaid.MaJianzhong,chairmanoftheWorldFederationofChineseMedicineSocieties,said44．innovationinTCMtheory,technologicalinnovationisnecessarytoencouragethedevelopmentofTCM."TCMtechnologies45．borrowmoderntechnologysothatitcanplayabetterroleintreatment,"Masaid.第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节、提纲类作文（满分15分）（2024·江苏南通市·高三期末）假如你是李华，正参与“每周读一本好书，写一篇书评”活动。请依据所给提示用英语一篇书评。书名《卖火柴的小女孩》TheLittleMatchGirl作者安徒生Andersen故事简介大年夜的晚上，卖火柴的小女孩五次擦燃了火柴，在火光中看到不同的幻象，最终在幻象中微笑着冻死在街头。感受留意:1.词数100字左右;2.可以适当增加细微环节，以使行文连贯。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________其次节、读后续写（满分25分）（2024·辽宁高三期末）阅读下面材料，依据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。There'saCrocodileinOurPickleJar(咸菜缸)“Alex,yourbrotherateeverythingonhisplate.Whydon'tyoubeagoodboytooandeatyourdinner?”saidAlex'sMom,“Iguessyouwon'tbehungryforsweetsthen”."ButI'mnothungry,"saidAlex.Alex'sMomwalkedovertothecountertopandbroughtoverthemostmouth-watering,tastylookingdessertyoueverdidsee."Okay,whowantsapieceofchocolatecake?”Beforeanyoneelseatthetablecouldspeakasingleword,Alexcalledout,“Me,me,me,me,me!”“Alex,youjustsaidyou’renothungry,“saidAlex'sMom."Howcouldyoupossiblywantapieceofcake?”“Ijustgothungryallofasudden,“saidAlex.“Good,Ibetyou'rereadytoeatyourpeasandcarrotsthen.”"I'mnothungryforthem.I'lljusthaveapieceofcakeplease,“saidAlex.“Alex,itdoesn'tworkthatway.Togetapieceofcakeyou'llhavetoeatyourdinnerfirst.”"ButIdon'twanttoo!”“Well,Iguessyou'lljusthavetocallitanight,”saidAlex'sDad."You'reexcusedfromthetableAlex.Brushyourteethandgettobed,youngman.”“Yes,sir,"repliedAlex.AsAlexstoodupfromthetable,hisbrotherpretendedtobeflyinganairplane.Afterabiteofchocolatecakemadeasafelandinginhisbrother'smouth,Alexranoutoftheroomasfastashecould.Beingsenttobedwithouthavingdessertwastoughenough,butbeingteasedbyhisbrotheriswhatreallytookthecake.Afterhebrushedhisteethandclimbedintobed,Alexfoundithardtofallasleepthatnight.Hisstomachsoundedlikeanangrylionandhefeltdizzy.Alexwassohungrythathefeltweakandtheroomwasspinning!Ashemadehiswaytothekitchenandopenedtherefrigeratordoor,Alexcouldhardlywaittosneakanicebigpieceofchocolatecake.Heknewthatwouldmakehimfeelbetter.留意：1.续写词数应为150左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。ButAlexwasshockedtoseeacrocodileswimminginajarofpickles.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ThenAlex’sparentsremindedhimofhowimportantfoodwasforenergy.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案1．B2．B3．D4．A【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了谷歌智囊团做了一项测试探讨“神经网络”计算系统，这项测试被认为是计算机学习技能发展的一大步。霍金警告人工智能可以发展出自己的意志，而美国加密公司PKWARE的乔·斯图纳斯则表示对人工智能的发展充溢了希望。1．推理推断题。依据第一段“TheGoogleBrainteamhasbeenworkingoncomputingsystemscalled“neuralnetworks”—systemsthatweredesignedbasedonhowneuronsworkinthehumanbrain.(谷歌智囊团队始终在探讨一种叫做“神经网络”的计算系统，这种系统是依据人类大脑中的神经元的工作原理而设计的)”和第四段中“Thistestisconsideredabigstepinthedevelopmentofcomputers’learningskills.(这项测试被认为是计算机学习技能发展的一大步)”可知，进行测试的目的是探讨计算机系统如何工作和学习。故选B项。2．细微环节理解题。依据第三段“Atfirst,Alicewasnotverygoodatsendingsecretmessages.Butslowlyitworkedonawaytoencrypt(加密)them—puttinginformationintoaspecialcodesothatotherscouldnotunderstanditiftheygottheinformation—usinghenumbersgivenbyresearchers.Andafterpractice,Bobalsocametobeabletodecrypt(解密)Alice’smessages.Withoutthenumbersorkeys,EvefailedtounderstandAlice’s“speech”mostofthetime.(起初，爱丽丝不太擅长发送隐私信息。但渐渐地，它找到了一种加密的方法——将信息放入一种特别的代码中，这样即使别人得到信息也无法理解——运用探讨人员给出的数字。经过练习，鲍勃也能够解密爱丽丝的信息。没有数字和密钥，伊芙大部分时间都听不懂爱丽丝的“讲话”)”可知，计算系统在测试中是工作的过程是：得到信息——加密——生成代码——解密——得到信息。故选B项。3．推理推断题。依据第五段“Unfortunately,thetesthappenedonlyoneweekafterUKphysicistStephenHawking,WhilespeakingatCambridgeUniversity,warnedhowAI(artificialintelligence)coulddevelopawillofitsown.Thiscouldbe“eitherthebestortheworstthingevertohappentohumanbeing”,hesaid.(不幸的是，就在这次测试发生的一周前，英国物理学家史蒂芬·霍金在剑桥高校发表演讲，警告人工智能可以发展出自己的意志。他说，这可能是“人类历史上发生的最好或最坏的事情”)”可知，霍金的话表明人工智能是一把双刃剑。故选D项。4．推理推断题。依据最终一段“ButjustasSturonaspointedout,nomatterwhatthepossibilitiesofcomputersareinthefuture,theyarejuststartingout.Westillhaveplentyoftimetoworkoutasolutionbeforetheygetanywherenearbecomingathreattohumanity.(但正如斯图纳斯所指出的，无论将来计算机的发展前景如何，它们都只是刚刚起步。在它们接近成为对人类的威逼之前，我们仍有足够的时间来制定解决方案。)”可知，斯图纳斯对人工智能的发展持充溢希望的看法。故选A项。5．C6．B7．C8．B【分析】这是一篇说明文。有探讨发觉，在各种类型的书籍中，表达情感的词汇用量在下降，单单表达恐惊的词汇用量呈上升趋势，文章分析了造成这种心情词汇下降的缘由，指出表示快乐的词汇用量与表示哀痛的词汇用量这两者的比率，间接反映出历史事务和社会趋势。5．细微环节理解题。依据第一段中“TheresearchersformtheUniversityofBristolusedGoogleNgramViewer,anonlinedatabaseforfindingthefrequencyoftermsinscannedbooks,tolookformorethan600particularwordsidentifiedasrepresentinganger,dislike,fear,joy,sadnessandsurprise.(来自布里斯托尔高校的探讨人员运用谷歌NgramViewer——一个查找扫描书籍中词汇出现频率的在线数据库，找寻了600多个代表生气、不喜爱、恐惊、兴奋、哀痛和惊异的特定词汇)”可知，这项探讨是通过在数字化文本中搜寻情感词汇来进行的。故选C。6．细微环节理解题。依据其次段中“Theyfoundthatalmostallofthecategoriesshowedadropinthese‘moodwords’overtime.(他们发觉，随着时间的推移，几乎全部类别的“心情词汇”都有所下降)”可知，B选项“大多数心情词的运用随着时间的推移而不断下降”是探讨发觉之一。故选B。7．词义揣测题。依据划线词上文“Althoughbothjoyandsadnessfollowedthegeneraldownwardstrend,theresearch,publishedinthejournalPLOSOne,foundthattheyalsoexhibitedanotherinterestingbehavior:theratio(比率)betweenthetwovariedgreatly,apparentlymirroringhistoricalevents.DuringtheRoaringTwentiesthejoy-to-sadnessratioreacheditshighestpointthatwouldnotoccuragainuntilbeforetherecentfinancialcrash.”可知“快乐哀痛比率”最高的两个时期分别是“咆哮的二十年头”和金融危机前，其他时期都遵循了普遍的下降趋势，故1941年，在其次次世界大战最激烈的时候，这一比例在下降。画线词意思为“下降”。A.increased增加；B.changed变更；C.dropped下降；D.twisted扭曲。故选C。8．细微环节理解题。依据最终一段中“Nevertheless,theresearchersheldareservedopinionabouttheirclaimthattheirresultreflectedwidersocialtrends.Inthepaper,theyevenarguethattheoppositecouldbetrue.(然而，探讨人员对他们的结果反映了更广泛的社会趋势的说法持保留看法。在论文中，他们甚至认为，状况可能恰恰相反)”可知，探讨人员怀疑他们的探讨结果与社会趋势相反。故选B。9．C10．D11．A12．B【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明白美国社会上存在的“微卑视”现象，它是指稍微的种族攻击。依据一项探讨，黑人青少年平均每天经验5次以上的卑视事务，尤其是少女，对此一名黑人青少年女孩Gabrielle英勇讲出她们面临的种族霸凌。专家也就如何应对这些欺凌提出了一些建议。9．推理推断题。依据第一段“Microaggressionsareminorracialattacks.Gabrielle,a15-year-oldteenager,knowsthepainofmicroaggressionsalltoowell,“WhenIwasintheseventhgrade,thisguytoldmethatmyhairlookedlikearat'snestandIneededtocombit.Itmakesyoufeelawfulandmakesyoufeellikeyouaredismissedanditmakesyoufeelunheard,”shesaid.(微卑视是稍微的种族攻击。15岁的青少年Gabrielle特别清晰稍微卑视带来的苦痛：‘我上七年级的时候，那个家伙说我的头发像个老鼠窝，我须要梳理一下。这会让你感觉糟糕，让你觉得自己被忽视了，让你觉得没有人倾听你的声音。’)”可推知，Gabrielle对微卑视行为感到不舒适。故选C。10．推理推断题。依据其次段“MicroaggressionsarebeingspokenaboutnowbyyoungblackteenagerslikeGabrielleinlightoftheracialunrestacrossthecountryandamidthenewschoolyear.‘We'reprettyforblackgirls,’saidotherblackteenagers,describingmicroaggressionstheyhavefaced.‘We'reoutspokentobeblack.’(鉴于全国的种族骚乱以及新学年的到来，像Gabrielle这样的年轻黑人青少年起先谈论‘微卑视’。其他黑人青少年在描述她们所面临的微卑视时说：‘我们是美丽的黑人女孩，我们坦率地承认自己是黑人。’)”可推知，当Gabrielle谈到她的种族身份时，她感觉骄傲。故选D。11．推理推断题。依据倒数其次段“Microaggressionscanalsobecomplicated,especiallyifthepersonwhoisoffendinghasnointentionofbeinghurtful.Walker'sadviceforyoungblackgirlsistobothtakeadeepbreathandalsotrytoeducateotherpeople,whenpossible.‘Takeadeepbreathandcenteringyourself,’shesaid.‘Theycouldsay,youmaynothaverealizedit,butwhatyousaidishurtful.’(微卑视也可能是困难的，尤其是当冒犯者无意损害他人的时候。Walker给年轻黑人女孩的建议是，深呼吸，同时尽可能地教化其他人。她说：‘深呼吸，集中精神，他们可以说：你可能没有意识到，但你说的话很伤人。’)”可推知，Walker博士建议被冒犯的黑人女孩应当坦率地说出她们的感受。故选A。12．主旨大意题。依据第一段中“Microaggressionsareminorracialattacks.Gabrielle,a15-year-oldteenager,knowsthepainofmicroaggressionsalltoowell(微卑视是稍微的种族攻击。15岁的青少年Gabrielle特别清晰稍微卑视带来的苦痛)”结合文章主要说明白美国社会上存在的“微卑视”现象，它是指稍微的种族攻击。依据一项探讨，黑人青少年平均每天经验5次以上的卑视事务，尤其是少女，对此一名黑人青少年女孩Gabrielle英勇讲出她们面临的种族霸凌。专家也就如何应对这些欺凌提出了一些建议。可知，B选项“受到损害的黑人少女大声说出种族微卑视”最符合文章标题。故选B。13．D14．D15．C【分析】本文是一篇应用文。本文是一则诗歌奖学金竞赛的布告。13．细微环节理解题。依据其次段“TheWolffPoetryLiteraryScholarshipAwardsisopentostudents25yearsoryoungertotheageof12,…(WolffPoetryLiterary奖学金面对25岁及以下至12岁的学生)”可知，该奖学金是为12~25岁的学生所设的。故选D。14．细微环节理解题。依据“English-languagepoemsonly;wewillnotacceptanythingelse(只接收英文诗歌;我们不会接受其他任何形式)”可知，参赛诗歌只能用英语写作。所以用中文写的诗不合格。故选D。15．细微环节理解题。依据最终一段第三句“TheauthorgivesWolffPoetryLiteraryMagazinepermissiontopublishanddisplaythepoemontheWeb（inelectronicformonly）ifthepoemischosenasawinnerorfinalist.(假如这首诗被选为优胜者或入围者，作者允许沃尔夫诗歌文学杂志在网络上发表和展示这首诗（仅以电子形式）)”可知，获奖诗歌将在组织者的网站上登载。故选C。16．D17．B18．G19．C20．E【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基督徒的四旬斋节日和一种传统食物“甜圈饼”。16．依据上文“Lentisatimeofsacrifice.(四旬斋是牺牲的时刻)”以及后文“ButbeforeLentbegins,peoplegetonelastchancetoenjoythemselves.(但在四旬斋起先之前，人们有最终一次机会享受生活)”可知，上文提到了四旬斋是牺牲的时刻，可知本句详细说明有哪些牺牲，故D选项“很多基督徒停止吃肉，放弃糖和酒精饮料”符合语境，故选D。17．依据上文“Insomecultures,peoplecelebrateFatTuesdaybyeatingasweetbreadtreatcalledpaczki.(在一些文化中，人们通过吃一种叫做甜圈饼的甜面包来庆祝肥胖星期二)”可知，上文提到了“甜圈饼”这种食物，可知本句承接上文接着说明这种食物的状况，故B选项“甜圈饼来自波兰，类似于甜甜圈”符合语境，故选B。18．依据上文“Traditionally,paczkiisfilledwithsweetfruityjamsmadefromplumsandthefruitsoftheroseplant.(传统上，甜圈饼的馅料是用李子和玫瑰果实制成的甜果酱)”可知，上文提到了甜圈饼传统上的做法，可推知本句应当是说明甜圈饼如今的一些变更，故G选项“但是现在，人们会把任何东西放进甜圈饼里面”符合语境，故选G。19．依据上文“Itisreportedthatahotdogstandwillservea“ConeyPaczki.”Thatisapieceofmeatinsideofsweetpaczkiinsteadofatraditionalbun.Onecanaddmustard,chiliandevenonions.(据报道，一家热狗摊将供应“ConeyPaczki”。那是一块肉夹在甜的甜圈饼面包里，而不是传统的小圆