小学英语五升六暑期讲义第9讲：名词（学生版）

课程主题：名词教学目标：1、熟练掌握名词的分类2、可数名词单复数变化3、不可数名词表示方式和名词所有格教学内容【进门测试】1.找出下列单词中不同类的那一个。()1.A.handB.handbagC.schoolbagD.box()2.A.snowB.rainC.windD.sunny()3.A.managerB.farmerC.workD.nurse()4.A.seasonB.winterC.springD.autumn()5.A.yearB.monthC.dayD.May()6.A.onionB.peasC.cabbageD.healthy()7.A.footB.headC.legD.book()8.A.basketballB.partyC.soccerD.ping-pong【多元导学】你知道什么是名词么？是表示具体或者抽象事物/人物的词。【互动精讲】【知识梳理】考点一名词的分类

名词是表示人或事物名称的词,它分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词包括个体名词和集体名词,有单数和复数之分;不可数名词包括物质名词和抽象名词,没有复数形式。词条用法例词普通名词可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物的词book,desk,table,bike,plane集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的词family,class,police,team,group不可数名词物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词glass,water,air,paper,wood抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词danger,health,love,success,interest专有名词表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词Alice,Canada,theGreatWall考点二名词的数

名词分为可数名词和不可数名词：1）不可数名词无法分开的东西：water,tea,bread,milk,rice抽象的东西：love,beauty,coldness不可数名词有以下特点：不能用a,an修饰；不能加s；和单数be动词或动词搭配。2）可数名词单数可数名词要用冠词修饰，复数可数名词要在名词后面加s。名词复数共有以下几种变化：•规则变化的名词复数形式规则1一般情况+se.g.shell→shellsbook→books规则2以s,x,ch,sh结尾+ese.g.fox→foxeschurch→churches,bus→buses,watch→watches规则3以o结尾+s或+ese.g.potato→potatoes,Negro→Negroes,hero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes，（口诀：黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿），剩下一般加s,radio→radios规则4以f,fe结尾的，变f,fe为vese.g.life→liveshalf→halves,shelf→shelves,city→cities,wife→wives规则5以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+ese.g.sky→skiesfly→flies•不规则变化的名词复数形式man（men）woman（women）foot（feet）goose（geese）tooth（teeth）child（children）sheep（sheep）deer（deer）mouse（mice）fish（fish）2.不可数名词量的表达不可数名词计量时,用“基数词/不定冠词+表示数量的名词+of+不可数名词”表示,数词决定表示数量的名词的单/复数形式。aglassofmilk一杯牛奶acupoftea一杯茶apieceofnews一则新闻twobowlsofrice两碗米饭twopairsofglasses两副眼镜threepiecesofadvice三条建议【巩固练习】一、用单词正确形式填空1．Therearemanybeautiful___________(leaf)inautumn.2．Couldyousee________(star)atnight?3．Iseeafew___________(tomato)inthebasket.4．Myuncleisabasketball_________(play).5．Howmany_____(tomato)arethereinthebasket?6．Iamhungry.Givemesome_________(bread),please.7．__________Sam__________(have)any__________(snack)?8．Shewantssome_______(vegetable),please.9．__________(Mike)motherisawriter.Shewrites__________(story)forchildren.10．—Wouldyoulike________(any)(bread)?—Yes,please.二、按要求填空用单词的适当形式填空。minute

homework

do

wash

ride11．Therearesixty___________inanhour.12．Youhavetodoyour___________.13．Howmanyminutes___________Dannyexercise?14．Look!Jennyis___________herhair.15．TomorrowI___________abike.填写正确的冠词和复数形式。16．____dog

_________17．____elephant

_________18．____horse

_________19．____panda

_________20．____lion

_________考点三名词所有格

名词所有格的构成方式有以下三种:’s形式的所有格、of短语构成的所有格和双重所有格。1.’s形式的所有格用法示例一般单数名词后加“‘s”mybrother’sbag我弟弟的书包以s结尾的复数名词后加“‘”myparents’hope我父母的希望如果一个事物为两个人共同所有,则只在最后一个名词后加“‘s”;如果不是共同所有,则两个名词后都加“‘s”。BobandBill’sfather鲍勃和比尔的爸爸Jim’sandBill’smothers吉姆的妈妈和比尔的妈妈有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构以及无生命事物的名词也可以加“‘s”或“‘”构成所有格。today’snewspaper今天的报纸fiveminutes’walk五分钟的路程在表示“某人家”“店铺”的名词后,一般省略它所修饰的名词atthedoctor’s在诊所里atthebarber’s在理发店里2.of短语构成的所有格(1)没有生命的名词一般用of短语来表示所有关系。ThisisamapofJapan.这是一幅日本地图。(2)当有生命的名词的定语较长时,也可以用of短语来表示所有关系。Themovieoftheoldkindwomanismoving.这位善良的老妇人的电影很感人。【巧记口诀】名词所有格的用法英语名词所有格,表示某物是“谁的”,巧记构成有方法,多数要把“‘s”加,复数有s作词尾,只加“‘”就OK,名词若为无生命,常把of来运用,时间、地点和距离,“‘s”运用也许可。3.双重所有格表示所属物的名词前有冠词(a,an)、数词(one,two...)、非确定特指的限定词(some,any,afew...)、物主代词(my,your...)或指示限定词(this,that,these,those)时,常用“of+所有格/名词性物主代词”的形式,即双重所有格来表示所有关系。BobisafriendofTom’s.鲍勃是汤姆的一位朋友。Thesearesomepicturesofmine.这些是我的一些照片。【巩固练习】一、单选题1．Thisismy______dress.(

)A．mother B．mother's C．mothers2．—_____Englishbookisit?(

)—It's_____.A．Whoes;Jill's B．Who;Jill C．Whose;Jill D．Whose;Jill's3．Whenisyour_____birthday?(

)A．mothers' B．mother's C．Mother's4．_____birthdayisinApril.(

)A．Alice B．Alices C．Alice's5．________fatheristalking.(

)A．Peter B．Peter's C．Peters'6．Hewantstovisit_______newhome.()A．SuHai’s B．SuHai C．SuHais’7．Therabbit’stailis______thanthe______.(

)A．shorter;horse’s B．short;horse’s C．shorter;horse8．—What’syour________job?(

)—Heisadriver.A．father B．father’s C．mother’s9．It’s_______cap.(

)A．Kim’s B．Kim C．LiMing10．Mylegsarelongerthan_____.(

)A．Mike B．Mike’s C．Mikes’二、用单词正确形式填空11．A:Aretheyyourfriends?B:No,they're______(Helen).12．—Does_______(Bobby)armhurt?—Yes,itdoes.13．_____(Mike)motherisanurse.14．Thisisthe_____(teacher)office.MissGreenisinit.15．Whenisyour_____(father)birthday?考点四名词的语法作用

作定语(1)名词作定语一般用单数形式。Thereisanappletreeinouryard.在我们院子里有一棵苹果树。(2)man,woman用于名词前作定语时,其形式与所修饰的名词一致,即man,woman后用单数名词,men,women后用复数名词。Theyareallmenteachers.他们都是男教师。Awomandoctorissittingintheroom.有个女医生正坐在房间里。(3)个别名词用复数形式作定语。Oursportsmeetingwasputoffbecauseoftheheavyrain.因为大雨我们的运动会被推迟了。【巧记口诀】名词作定语,一般用单数,男人(man),女人(woman)跟着变,个别名词用复数。【课堂检测】一、单选题1．Thisismy______dress.(

)A．mother B．mother's C．mothers2．Wehavealotof______.(

)A．animal B．animals C．cow3．—Whatdayisittoday?(

)—It’s______.A．Tuesday B．Music C．PE4．Thereislotsof_______inwinter.(

)A．teach B．snow C．vacation5．Hello!I'mRose.I'ma_________.(

)A．girl B．girls C．boy6．Howmany_________arethereinyourclass?

(

)A．student B．students C．apple7．Thereareseventeen______onthefarm.(

)A．horses B．pig C．cow8．Mylegsarelongerthan_____.(

)A．Mike B．Mike’s C．Mikes’9．Theseboysaretalkingabouttheir_________.

(

)A．hobby B．ahobby C．hobbies10．Ihavetwo________.(

)A．foot B．feet C．foots二、用单词正确形式填空11．________(class)startat8o’clockinthemorning.12．Your_____(foot)arebiggerthanmine.13．The______(story)areveryinteresting.14．—BobbyandSam_________(be)good_________(朋友).—I’m_________(they)good_________(friend).15．Myuncleisabasketball_________(play).16．Smokefrom______(factory)______(make)theairdirty.17．Iamhungry.Givemesome_________(bread),please.18．Atthattime,therewereno________(gym)inhisschool.19．Myfishissmallerthan______(Sarah).20．Cinderella’ssistersputonthenew__________(dress).三、补全句子21．Therearemany_______(电脑)intheroom.22．MoYanisagreatw______.23．MonicaandFloraarefromBerlin.TheyareG___________.24．_______(五班的男孩)areplayingbasketball.25．Sheusuallyhassome_____(水果)everyday.26．Jackisfrom_________(加拿大).27．Thew_______onthebusgoroundandround.28．Thatmanismy_________(父亲).29．C______startat8o’clockinthemorning.30．Cinderella__________

__________(穿上)thenew__________(衣服)andnewshoes.四、按要求填空将下列单词的复数形式改成单数形式。31．doctors________32．cities________33．pianos________34．ears________35．churches________36．leaves________【要点回顾】【温故知新】一、单选题1．—Howmany_______doyouhavethisterm?(

)—Wehavefive.A．lessons B．subject C．subjects2．Therearetwo_______atthetrafficlights.(

)A．policeman B．policemen C．policemans3．Therearesix______andfour______inthefridge.(

)A．tomatoes;potatoes B．tomatos;potatoes C．tomatoes;potatos4．Icanseemany_______.(

)A．polices B．policemans C．policemen5．I’mhungry.I’dlikea________.(

)A．rice B．sandwich C．noodles6．These_______are_______mysister.A．mango,for B．mangoes,for C．mangoes,to7．Ilike______.Ihaveachocolate______.(

)A．acake;cake B．cakes;cake C．cakes;cakes8．Ilike________.They’refatandcute.(

)A．lions B．atiger C．pandas9．Lookatthis______.Ilike______.(

)A．anelephant;elephants B．elephant;elephants C．elephant;elephant10．Wedon’thaveany______.(

)A．grapes B．mango C．banana二、词形转换写出下列名词的复数形式。11．bus______12．mango______13．photo______14．knife______15．study______16．baby(复数)__________17．cow(复数)__________18．they(单数)__________19．one(序数词)__________20．good(同义词)__________21．class(复数)________22．she(形容词性物主代词)________23．Bobby(名词所有格)________24．donot(缩略形式)________25．flower(复数形式)________三、用单词正确形式填空26．—Howmany_____(dress)canyousee?—Five.27．The______(cook)arefromChina.Theyaresogreat!28．Weshouldbrushour________(tooth)everyday.29．—Hereareyour______(面条)andtwo______(鸡蛋).—Thanks.30．Inwinter(冬天),HelenandWangBingcangotomake______(snowman