串讲01定语从句(原卷版)

串讲01定语从句(精讲精练)一、概述1.在主从复合句中，对某一名词、代词或名词短语起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词、代词或名词短语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。2.关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。二、关系代词的基本用法1.who的用法(指人，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语。)Thepersonwhotalkedtomewasoneofmyclassmates.和我交谈的那个人是我的一个同学。(主语)HeisthemanwhoIturntoforhelpverymuch.他就是我求助的那个人。(宾语)2.whom的用法Jackistheperson(who/whom)youshouldcareabout.杰克是你应该关心的人。(who/whom可以省略)Theoldmantowhomamedalisawardedisveryinspiring.这位被授予奖章的老人非常鼓舞人心。(whom不能省略)3.which的用法(指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。)Theplaneisamachinewhichcanfly.飞机是一种会飞的机器。(主语)Thegoldmedal(which)shewonhasbeengiventoheroldschool.她赢得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。(定语)4.that的用法(既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。)Thenumberofpeoplethat/whovisitthecityreachesonemillioneveryyear.每年参观这个城市的人数达到了一百万。(主语)Thereport(that)MrTurnerhandedinwasaboutthespeechpetition.特纳先生递交的报告是关于演讲比赛的。(宾语，可以省略)Hedoesn’tseemtobethemanthathewastenyearsago.他看起来已经不是十年前的样子了。(表语)5.whose的用法(whose既可指人又可指物，在从句中修饰名词，作定语。)Helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.他住在窗户朝南的那个房间。(先行词是物)Thisisthescientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。(先行词是人)归纳：whose指人时，常用下列结构来代替：Iwilltalktothosestudentswhosehomeworkhasn’tbeendoneonschedule.＝Iwilltalktothosestudents，thehomeworkofwhomhasn’tbeendoneonschedule.＝Iwilltalktothosestudents，ofwhomthehomeworkhasn’tbeendoneonschedule.我将和那些没按时完成作业的学生谈话。6.as的用法。(既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，先行词被thesame,such和so修饰。)Inthelastexam,hemadethesamemistakeasyoumade.在上次考试中，他犯了和你一样的错误。【易错点提示】1.关系代词只用that而不用which的情况(1)当先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much等不定代词或先行词被这些词修饰时。Allthatyoumustkeepinmindisthatyoumustbeburiedinyourresearch.你必须记住的所有的事情是你必须专心于你的研究。(2)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。Hewasthefirstsurvivorthatwasdugoutfromtheruins.他是从废墟中被挖出的第一个幸存者。(3)当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时。Theonlythingthatwecandoisgiveintoourparents’ideas.我们唯一能做的事情就是听从我们父母的意见。(4)当先行词既指人又指物时。IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚地记得我在那个房间见到的人和一些照片。(5)当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时,为避免重复而用that。Whoisthemanthatcametorescueyouinthisdisaster?在这次灾难中救你的人是谁?(6)当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.上海不再是过去的那座城市了。2.只能用which，不能用that的情况：(1)先行词为物，引导非限制性定语从句时。Ourteachertypicallyassigneddailyhomework,whichwouldberecitedinclassthefollowingday.我们的老师通常每天布置家庭作业，第二天在课堂上背诵。(2)先行词为物，关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前时。Iboughtagreatmanybooks,onwhichIspentallmymoneythatIsaved.我买了很多书，这些书花光了我所有的积蓄。(3)引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念时。Untilnow,wehaveraised50,000poundsforthepoorchildren,whichisquiteunexpected.到现在为止，我们已经为那些贫穷的孩子募捐到了50000英镑，这是完全没有预料到的。3.oneof＋复数名词和theonlyoneof＋复数名词作先行词的时候(1)“oneof＋复数名词”作先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；在肯定句中，“theonlyoneof＋复数名词”作先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。ThisisoneofthebookswhichwerewrittenbyCharlesDickens.这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。HeistheonlyoneoftheboysinourclasswhohaslearnedFrench.他是我们班里唯一学过法语的男孩。(2)为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。ThisisthefactorywhichwevisitedlastSunday.(visited后不可加it)这就是我们上星期天参观的那家工厂。三、关系副词的基本用法1.关系副词whenwhen引导定语从句时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，week，month，year等)，关系副词when在从句中作时间状语。有时when＝in/at/on/during...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。Thereusedtobeatimewhen(＝duringwhich)Ihatedgoingtoschool.曾有一段时间我不愿意去上学。I’llneverforgetthedaywhen(＝onwhich)Ileftforcollegewithmyfather.我永远不会忘记我和父亲动身去上大学的那天。2.关系副词wherewhere引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词(如place，room，house，spot等)，关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。有时where＝in/at/on...＋which，具体用哪个介词，要根据先行词的搭配来确定。Theyareplayingintheparkwhere(＝inwhich)therearemanyflowers.他们正在有很多花的公园里玩耍。Theofficewhere(＝atwhich)thegirlworksisnotfarfromhere.这个女孩工作的办公室离这儿不远。[疑难点津]有一些先行词，如point，stage，position，case，condition等，属于抽象的地点名词，如果定语从句中缺状语，需用where引导。Youreachapointinanyprojectwhereyoujustwanttogetthethingfinished.在任何一个项目中，你都会达到一个你只想把事情做完的阶段。Wereachedastagewherewehadtoanswerviolencewithlaw.我们到了必须用法律来对抗暴力的境地。3.关系副词whywhy引导定语从句时，先行词常为reason，关系副词why在从句中作原因状语。可用forwhich代替。Canyouexplainthereasonwhy(＝forwhich)youdon’thelphim?你能解释一下不帮助他的原因吗？Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyoudidn’tetohisbirthdayparty?你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？【名师点津】1.关系词的3个作用关系词通常有下列三个作用:(1)引导定语从句;(2)代替先行词;(3)在定语从句中充当一个成分。2.关系代词和关系副词的判定表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。试比较：Doyourememberthedayswhenwechattedwitheachotherallnight?你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)Doyourememberthedaysthat/whichwespenttogetheronthefarm?你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which在从句中作spent的宾语)Thetalentedpianistreturnedtothecitywherehegrewup.这位天才钢琴家回到了他长大的城市。(where在从句中作状语)Thetalentedpianistreturnedtothecitythat/whichhevisitedlastyear.这位天才钢琴家回到了他去年去过的城市。(that或which在从句中作visited的宾语)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tturntohisgoodfriendforhelpyesterday.我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。(why在从句中作原因状语)Iwon’tlistentothereasonthat/whichyouhavegivenus.我坚决不听你给我们的理由。(that或which在从句中作宾语)定语从句解题三步走第一步：根据是否修饰某一名词，放在该名词之后确定是不是定语从句。第二步：根据从句中是否缺主语或宾语确定用关系代词还是关系副词。如果从句缺主语或宾语，则用关系代词；如果不缺主语或宾语，则使用关系副词(或者“介词＋which”)第三步：根据先行词具体所指，确定是哪个关系代词或者关系副词。1.(2024浙江1月高考)Ofcourse,shopsarenotcharities

—theypricegoodsintheway________willmakethemthemostmoney.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。2.(2023北京高考)NinarecentlyfinishedheryearlongseriesofrunsinChicago,________thousandswereattendingawaterconference.【答案】where【解析】考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。3.(2023∙全国甲卷)Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,________RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow”【答案】as【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。4.(20222023学年高一下·江苏盐城·期末)Thereisadangerofenteringacycleofhighsandlows________moreandmorefortfood,highincarbohydrates,needstobeeaten.【答案】where【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有进入高潮和低谷循环的危险，在这个循环中需要吃越来越多的高碳水化合物的安慰食物。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，先行词是cycle，引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。5.(20222023学年江苏天一中学下学期期末)Heissuchagoodboy________everyonelikes.【答案】as【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他是大家都喜欢的好孩子。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词as引导的的定语从句，先行词agoodboy在从句中作宾语成分，此外当先行词有such，so，as时，关系词应用as。故填as。6.(20222023学年高一下学期·江苏南通·期末)Inaword,wehavenowreachedapoint________wewishtoenjoyandunderstandliterature.【答案】where【详解】考查定语从句。句意：总而言之，我们现在已经达到了一个我们希望欣赏和理解文学的时刻。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰apoint，从句中作抽象地点，用关系副词where，故填where。7.(20222023学年江苏南通高一下学期·期末)Inasociety________beingthinisoftenseenasbeautiful,teenagerssometimesturntoextrememethodstoslimdown.【答案】where【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在一个通常视瘦为美的社会里，青少年有时会采取极端的方法来减肥。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词asociety，先行词在从句中作地点状语，空处应用关系副词where。故填where。8.(20222023学年高一下·江苏天一中学·期末)Amoraldilemmaisasituationin________youhavetwoormoredifficultchoicestomake.【答案】which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：道德困境是指你有两个或两个以上的艰难选择要做。句中先行词为situation，在定语从句中作抽象地点状语，所以用关系副词where或介词in+关系代词which引导定语从句。根据句意，故填which。9.(20222023学年高一下·江苏天一中学·期末)Godhelpthose________helpthemselves.【答案】who【详解】考查定语从句。句意：天助自助者。空格后的部分为定语从句，修饰先行词those，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词，代替先行词those在从句中作主语，指人，应该用who。故填who。10.(20222023学年高一下·江苏天一中学·期末)Iwillalwaysrememberthescene________allpeopleweremovedtotears.【答案】where【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我会永远记得那个所有人都感动得流下眼泪的场景。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词thescene，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Ourteacherssparenoefforttocreateanatmosphere________enablesustostudyattentivelyandharmoniously.2.Wolvesarehighlysocialanimals________successdependsuponcooperation.3.Thebuilding________wearelookingatusedtobeahospital.4.I’msurethereareallkindsofhistoricsites________culturalrelicsneedtobeprotected.5.Inthefuture,scientistsplantousesustainablesuppliesofcells________canbemaintainedinthelab.6.Itisusedinproductsfromcupsthatkeepyourdrinkshotorcoldtopackagingmaterials________protectitemsduringshipping.7.ZhongWen’an,chiefengineerattheXichangSatelliteLaunchCenter,saidtheyhadpletedthemostextensiverehearsalbeforelaunch,________isalsothefinaljointrehearsal.8.Thisisthereason________hegavemeforhisbeinglate.9.Happinessandsuccessoftenetothose________aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.10.Someone________iscapablehastheskillorqualitiesnecessarytodoaparticularthingwell.11.Thecountry’shighesthonorisgiventothose________havemadegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.12.Thestudentingfromthecountrywasstarvingforthefriendshipfromthose________efromthecity.13.InNewYorkandParis,it’snothardtospotfancylocalshopssellingWhiteRabbitmerchandisetodedicatedfansofforeignconsumers________toohavehoppedonthebandwagon.14.I’mcuriousaboutthepersonwith________Mr.Smithistalking.15.(20232024学年高二上·山东济宁·期末)Iencounteredanoldfriendfrom________Ihadpartedformanyyears.16.Shememorizedanancientpoem________nameIdidn'tknow.17.Somepeople________intentionistomakebigmoneyappreciatebeinggivenanychancetomultiplytheirine,believingthatiswheretheirhappinesslies.18.Heisnothalfsuchafool________theythought.19.Heissuchaperson________isrespectedbyallofus.20.TheBird’sNestissuchafantasticbuilding________attractsagreatmanytourists.21.Themanwith________Ishookhandsjustnowismydaughter’sEnglishteacher.22.Thenaughtyboymadeaholeinthewallthrough________hecouldseewhatishappeningoutside.23.Heopensadoor________whichourimaginationentersanewworld,aworldoflove,beautyandheroism.24.Thepeople________whomMrSmithassociatesareallhighlyrespectable.25.(20232024学年高一下·福建泉州·阶段练习)Thelaboratory________whichtheyworkedhadpoorairquality.26.Hereweareatthebeautifulbelltowerfor________thevillageisfamous.27.Theparkoffersvisitorsasightofnatureat________majoritiesofpeopleneverhavethechancetotakealook.28.Iwilltellyoutheway

________youcanstudyEnglishwell,becauseIknowtheway________youhaveacceptedisnotthebest.29.Imetmyschoolmatenearthesupermarketin________Ioftengoshoppingwithmum.30.IjoinedCasey,whowaslookingupatthescreen________whichreaders’mentskeptpoppingup.Ⅱ.完成句子1.Youcouldstudy________________(动物的生长方式)andhowtheyact.2.(20232024学年高一下·浙江湖州·开学考试)Henrytoldmethat________________(曾经有一段时间)hestayedupeverynight.3.(20232024学年高一上·广东广州·期末)PerhapsthebestexampleisshownbyUNESCO,________________(这个组织运作一个阻止……的项目，两个定语从句)worldculturalheritagesitesaroundtheworldfromdisappearing.4.(20232024学年高一上·广东广州·期末)WrittenChinesehasalsobeeanimportantmeans________________(通过它中国的现在与其过去连接起来定语从句).5.Hewrotealetter________________(在信中他解释了发生的事情)intheaccident.6.Iamlookingforwardtotheday________________(那时我女儿能读懂这本书)andknowmyfeelingsforher.7.Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butI________________(并不同意你讲的一切).8.(20232024学年高一上·广东江门·阶段练习)Thereesthetime________________tostudy.(每个人都不遗余力地…).(用定语从句)9.Mymotherwassoproudofall________________(我所做的)thatsherewardedmewithatriptoBeijing.(do)10.________________(我所想到的解决这个问题的方法)provetobepractical.(way)Ⅲ句型转换1.Thebookthatheborrowedyesterdayiswellworthreading.(改为省略句)→________________yesterdayiswellworthreading.2.Theburnthatshegotfromtheironwasredanditwasverypainful.→________________wasredandverypainful.3.There’sanotesayingwhentheshopwillopenagain.→There’sanote________________whenthe